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Multiple public constructors with same maximum parameter count are not supported

I have these 2 classes
public class BrowserContext
{
private readonly ChromeDriver _driver;
public BrowserContext(ChromeDriver driver)
{
_driver = driver;
}
public void NavigateTo()
{
_driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://bbc.com");
}
}
public class Homepage
{
private readonly BrowserContext _browserContext;
public Homepage(BrowserContext browserContext)
{
_browserContext = browserContext;
}
[Given(#"I navigate to url")]
public void GivenINavigateToUrl()
{
_browserContext.NavigateTo();
}
When I try to run the test I get below error
Multiple public constructors with same maximum parameter count are not
supported! OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver (resolution path:
ClassLibrary3.Steps.Homepage->ClassLibrary3.Support.BrowserContext)
Please help!

Based on this answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/26402692/10148657 solution is to instantiate ChromeDriver in BrowserContext constructor rather than accept it in constructor:
public class BrowserContext
{
private readonly ChromeDriver _driver;
public BrowserContext()
{
_driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
public void NavigateTo()
{
_driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://bbc.com");
}
}

Adding EventFiringWebDriver to Selenium Framework

I need help with expanding my already build Selenium framework with WebDriver. I want to add eventHandlers that use EventFiringWebDriver on top of my code to add event for each action triggered by WebDriver for logging purposes.
To begin with, I will try to clearly present code flow.
Test starts...
Step 1. CspTestBase
public class CspTestBase : CommonElements
{
[BeforeScenario]
public void Init()
{
Initialize(); <- Code to init driver.
// more code here.
LoginPage.Goto();
LoginPage.LoginAs(TestConfig.Username).WithPassword(TestConfig.Password).Login();
}
[AfterScenario]
public void CleanUp()
{
Close();
}
When it jumps to Init method. This class holds all methods that directly require WebDriver instance.
public static class Driver
{
public static IWebDriver Instance { get; private set; }
public static void Initialize()
{
Instance = new TestDriverFactory().CreateDriver(); <- Next step
Instance.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitlyWait(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30));
Instance.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies();
//Instance.Manage().Window.Maximize();
}
Then when WebDriver Instance is created:
public class TestDriverFactory
{
public IWebDriver CreateDriver()
{
return new TestBase().Create(
new LocalDriverConfig(
TestConfig.Browser));
}
}
And when it finally comes to creating actual driver:
public class TestBase
{
private static IWebDriver _driver;
//string env;
private DesiredCapabilities _capabilities;
public IWebDriver Create(LocalDriverConfig config)
{
switch (config.Browser)
{
case "Chrome":
_driver = new ChromeDriver(#"C:\Utilities");
break;
case "Firefox":
SetFirefoxCapabilities();
//_driver = new FirefoxDriver(_capabilities);
break;
...
private void SetFirefoxCapabilities()
{
...
_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.Firefox();
//FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
//options.SetLoggingPreference(LogType.Browser, LogLevel.Warning);
_capabilities.SetCapability(FirefoxDriver.ProfileCapabilityName, profile);
//capabilities.SetCapability(FirefoxDriver.ProfileCapabilityName, options);
EventFiringWebDriver firingDriver = new EventFiringWebDriver(new FirefoxDriver(binary, profile, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60)));
// copy the profile for ommiting duplicate references
firingDriver.ExceptionThrown += firingDriver_TakeScreenshotOnException;
_driver = firingDriver;
}
private void firingDriver_TakeScreenshotOnException(object sender, WebDriverExceptionEventArgs e)
{
TakeScreenshot();
}
As you can see, I'm using EventFiringWebDriver already but I want to have it done properly to save me as much work as possible.
I did some reading and looked up solutions but these were simple or in Java. Any help will be much appreciated.

Raise Error, dispose object and re-create it

Let's assume we have the following two classes, How can we listen for Errors and if any error occurred, recreate the singleton? I have put together the following code, but would like to know if there is a pattern for safely raise error, dispose object and recreate it automatically?
`
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MyFirstClass.Instance.SayHello();
}
}
class MySecondClass
{
public int ID { get; set; }
public void SayHelloFromSecondClass()
{
Console.WriteLine("Say Hello From Second Class");
}
public MySecondClass(int id)
{
ID = id;
}
}
public sealed class MyFirstClass
{
private static readonly MyFirstClass instance = new MyFirstClass();
private static MySecondClass msc;
public event EventHandler ErrorOccuredEvent;
private MyFirstClass() { }
public static MyFirstClass Instance
{
get
{
msc = new MySecondClass(id: 1);
return instance;
}
}
public void SayHello()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World...");
}
static void ErrorOccured(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Oops");
msc = null;
Thread.Sleep(5000);
GC.Collect();
msc = new MySecondClass(id: 2);
}
}
`

If I understand well, MyFirstClass (which is a singleton) is a kind of wrapper around MySecondClass that turns MySecondClass into a singleton as well.
Let's call MyFirstClass: Wrapper
Let's call MySecondClass: Service
If the clients always consume the Service through the single instance of Wrapper, then re-creating a Wrapper will not help, because the clients might keep a reference to Wapper. Re-creating Service can help if the clients don't see it and cannot keep a reference to it. Therefore they must consume the service indirectly.
It's easiest to achieve this through an interface:
public interface IHelloService
{
void SayHello();
}
public class HelloService : IHelloService
{
public void SayHello()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello");
}
}
public class HelloServiceWrapper : IHelloService
{
public static readonly IHelloService Instance = new HelloServiceWrapper();
private HelloServiceWrapper () {}
private IHelloService _service;
public void SayHello()
{
EnsureServiceAvailable();
_service.SayHello();
}
private void EnsureServiceAvailable()
{
if(_service == null) {
_service = new HelloService();
}
}
private void HandleError()
{
_service = null;
}
}
But if the error happens when the client is using the service ...
HelloServiceWrapper.Instace.SayHello();
... this call might fail.
You would have to re-create the service instantly in order to make succeed the client's call (assuming that re-creating the service will solve the problem and that the error will not occur again immediately):
public void SayHello()
{
try {
_service.SayHello();
} catch {
_service = new HelloService();
_service.SayHello();
}
}
Note: Disposing the service invalidates the object and makes any reference a client has to it invalid. But re-creating a new one does not give the client a new reference! You would need to have a reference to the clients reference in order to be able to give the client a new instance.

Calling functions between different classes

I am used to writing embedded c and poorly skilled in c#.
My problem is that I want to be able to run the function openAnotherForm() from Welcome_Form and right now the code does not work. I patiently tried different things but only managed to push my frustration.
I simplified my relevant code to illustrate the problem.
File 1 - This will run and open file 2.
class UIcode
{
private Welcome_Form Welcome;
private AnotherForm_Form AnotherForm;
public UIcode()
{
Welcome = new Welcome_Form();
Application.Run(Welcome);
}
public void openAnotherForm()
{
Welcome.Hide();
AnotherForm = new AnotherForm_Form();
AnotherForm.ShowDialog();
}
}
File 2 - When I click TheButton, the program should run the function openAnotherFrom from file 1.
public partial class Welcome_Form : Form
{
public Welcome_Form()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void TheButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Function from file 1
UIcode.openAnotherForm();
}
}
I realize the problem might be quite trivial but I would still be grateful for an explanation on how to do this.
Preferable: The functions from UIcode should only be recognized by classes specified by UIcode.

You can change the constructor to take a reference to the instance of UIcode that opened it:
private static UIcode myParent;
public Welcome_Form(UIcode parent)
{
myParent = parent;
InitializeComponent();
}
Now in UIcode:
public UIcode()
{
Welcome = new Welcome_Form(this);
Application.Run(Welcome);
}
And finally, back in Welcome_Form:
private void TheButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Function from file 1
myParent.openAnotherForm();
}

Your openAnotherForm() method is not static, so it needs an instance reference in order to be used. Either instantiate a UICode object, or mark the method as static.

You to create an instance of the class in File1 to call the method. You've called the class UICode, so the constructor should be renamed from public UserInterface() to public UICode().
class UIcode
{
private Welcome_Form Welcome;
private AnotherForm_Form AnotherForm;
public UIcode() // Renamed Constructor
{
Welcome = new Welcome_Form();
Application.Run(Welcome);
}
public void openAnotherForm()
{
Welcome.Hide();
AnotherForm = new AnotherForm_Form();
AnotherForm.ShowDialog();
}
}
public partial class Welcome_Form : Form
{
public Welcome_Form()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void TheButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Create an instance UICode
UICode instance = new UICode();
// Call the method from the instance, not from the class.
instance.openAnotherForm();
}
}
Alternatively, you can make openAnotherForm() a static method, but you'll also need to make the instance variables (Welcome and AnotherForm) static. You will also need to initialize them, but you can do that by making the constructor static as well.
class UIcode
{
private static Welcome_Form Welcome;
private static AnotherForm_Form AnotherForm;
public static UIcode() // Renamed Constructor
{
Welcome = new Welcome_Form();
Application.Run(Welcome);
}
public static void openAnotherForm()
{
Welcome.Hide();
AnotherForm = new AnotherForm_Form();
AnotherForm.ShowDialog();
}
}

object oriented: is it possible use a static instance like a variable?

I think I couldnt do this thing, but I try to ask (maybe :)).
Suppose I have this Main class :
public class UiUtils
{
public static MyObject myObject;
public UiUtils()
{
myObject=new MyObject();
}
}
now if I want to try to call this instance from another Context Class (web application), I do this :
public partial class context_eventi_CustomClass : System.Web.UI.UserControl
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Console.Write(UiUtils.myObject.Title());
}
}
but what I'd like to do is this :
public partial class context_eventi_CustomClass : System.Web.UI.UserControl
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Console.Write(myObject.Title());
}
}
so, use directly myObject and not UiUtils.myObject :)
I think this is not possible, but maybe I wrong and there are any strategies :) Thanks
** EDIT **
my solution for the moment :
public class UiUtils
{
public static MyObject myObject;
public UiUtils()
{
myObject=new MyObject();
iContext.myObject = myObject;
}
}
public class iContext : System.Web.UI.UserControl
{
public static MyObject myObject;
public iContext()
{
}
public iContext(MyObject myObject)
{
myObject = myObject;
}
}
public partial class context_eventi_CustomClass : iContext
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Console.Write(myObject.Title());
}
}
seems to works! What do you think about?

Per MSDN,
A static method, field, property, or
event is callable on a class even when
no instance of the class has been
created. If any instances of the class
are created, they cannot be used to
access the static member. Only one
copy of static fields and events
exists, and static methods and
properties can only access static
fields and static events. Static
members are often used to represent
data or calculations that do not
change in response to object state.
and
"To access a static class member, use the name of the class instead of a variable name to specify the location of the member."
and
The static member is always accessed
by the class name, not the
instance name
#Daniel Earwicker says in his answer on SO here:
...Static members fail to integrate
well with inheritance. It makes no
sense to have them heritable. So I
keep static things in separate static
classes...
So I am not clear on your design why MyObject needs to be static. All you are trying to save is a little typing, but inheritance will not help you here either.
Edit:
I tried to replicate your code in a simple console application. The output is not what you would expect:
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
public class UiUtils
{
public static int myObject = 1;
public UiUtils()
{
myObject = new int();
iContext.myObject = myObject;
Console.WriteLine("This is UiUtils\n");
}
}
public class iContext
{
public static int myObject = 2;
public iContext()
{
Console.WriteLine("This is iContext\n");
}
public iContext(int myObject)
{
myObject = myObject;
}
}
public class iContext2 : iContext
{
public static int myObject = 3;
public iContext2()
{
Console.WriteLine(myObject.ToString() + "\nThis is iContext2\n");
Console.WriteLine(iContext.myObject.ToString());
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
iContext2 icontext = new iContext2();
Console.In.ReadLine();
}
}
}
The output ends up being this:
This is iContext
3
This is iContext2
If you add a call to iContext.myObject, then it outputs it's number:
This is iContext
3
This is iContext2
2

To access the object without typing the class you can use inheritance.
public class CustomClass : UiUtils
This will share UiUtils properties with CustomClass