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Is there a tool which analyses which functions call which functions for C#?

For a large porting from VB6 to C# job I wrote a tool which uses a murder of regular expressions to analyse a VB6 code base and extract the dependencies of all the functions in all the forms, bas files and classes.
It allowed us to chop out blocks of code for the developers, generate graphs and extract all the SQL.
I could really use something that does the same thing for C# and although it would be a lot easier for C#, I don't have the time or budget to write it.
We are limited to VS2008
Does anything like this already exist?

I'm not sure but I think NDepend has this. If not, writing it yourself should be pretty straight forward using Roslyn or NRefactory

If you take a look on project Roslyn page, you'll find example which will show you about 70% of what you seem to try to achive.
Walkthrough: Getting Started with Semantic Analysis – C#

It seems you are doing some kind of "refactoring". I found ReSharper is most useful in this case http://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/

Sharepoint development in what language?

I know this might sound a little silly. but I'm confused as to what language does sharepoint code behind uses? do they use vb or c#? or is it possible to use either? thanks in advance.

C#.
You CAN use any .net language that you want of course, but the vast vast majority of SharePoint books, documentation and Code Samples are in C#. The official Microsoft SharePoint SDK Samples is only in C#.
You really want to use C# if you have to develop for SharePoint, especially if you're just starting.

You can use any language supported by the .NET Framework, Visual Basic and C# included.

You'll never know for sure. It could be any language that can compile into a .Net assembly. I think the advice here is that it is most likely C# but it would be hard for someone to say definitely that every code behind in the product was written with C#.
In short, write with what you know and like. If you are just learning and don't have a preference, stick with C#.

Lets just say 9 out of 10 uses C# as the code behind although this is not proven. But that's the way how I rate it in terms of community, samples and all the persons I know. Haven't seen somebody to use VB as codebehind yet but I'm sure there is. It would actually depend on what language you are comfortable it has no actual requirments for the code behind for as long as it is in .Net :)

I have seen some vb.net codebehind, but honestly that was more to show that they could also write it in vb.net than out of a preference. I started in vb.net when .net just surfaced and I must admit that I changed to c# after 3 months and I never regretted that afterwards :)

C# SDK for non-IDE Java developer

I've been playing with Java for years as a means of developing quick and easy tools for repetitive tasks. I am not a true "developer" in the traditional sense, but I have lots of experience creating a wide assortment of tools and PoCs.
Unfortunately for me, I have noticed many shops are specifically looking for experience with C#, and not so many for Java. Even here on SO, there are more questions and more followers to C# related issues than Java. My preference will always be Java over C# simply for the cross-platform compatibility, but since the languages are so similar, I believe it would be beneficial for me to cross-train. I have already dabbled in other languages and scripts (VB and other BASIC flavors, Javascript, VBScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, etc.) so adding another isn't out of the question.
My current Java environment simply consists of a text editor (primarily jEdit for its plugins and layout) and homemade scripts to compile/jar my projects. I don't like to use IDEs because I want full control over my code and don't want a program writing code for me. (I also prefer to write my own code as opposed to using any sort of external library/package, if feasible. It helps me learn and greatly reduces unnecessary code.)
Therefore, what are my options for a non-IDE C# SDK? Libraries are obviously not that important to me. I've heard of Mono, which appears to separate the functions, but haven't tried it yet. What other SDKs exist that are similar to a simple Java SDK combined with a text editor?

Using an IDE doesn't have to mean anything writing code for you. I'm not generally keen on designer-generated code, but unless you decide to use a designer (or snippets etc), Visual Studio won't be writing code for you. Of course it will create a skeleton class for you when you create one, add the appropriate method signatures when you implement an interface etc - but is that boilerplate really something you want to write yourself?
I'd also suggest that your policy of not using external libraries is a bad one. I agree that it's useful for educational purposes to sometimes reimplement something, but it means that the code quality is likely to end up being worse... why would you not want to use code that has already been used and improved by many other people? Yes, you need to be careful about what libraries you use - but you really don't want to do everything yourself... not if you want to be productive, anyway.
I often use a text editor and command line myself for simple test code (e.g. for Stack Overflow questions) but I wouldn't dream of doing that for "real" code that I plan to keep.

Honestly, a lot of C# and .NET is about learning the tools; Visual Studio gives you a lot that you wouldn't be able to do with a text editor. There's a free version, and I highly suggest you check it out! People hiring will want to know that you're familiar with the tools they'll most likely be using.

You can just start with Notepad and csc.exe, the the command-line C# compiler that ships with the .NET SDK.
However, IDE is not necessarily synonym for code generator. I would download Visual Studio Express and start with empty Console projects.
Have fun!

Don't forget you can build/assemble C# projects using MSBuild and a .sln file if you really want. But the IDEs will make life a lot easier.

The IDE will not write code for you, it will help you writing code. Using libraries will help you concentrate on what you really want to program, not the things that already have been done.

Check into AvalonEdit, the text editor component of SharpDevelop. It is an open source text editor that has classes that could implement features such as intellisense and syntax highlighting. You would only have to use as much of it as you wanted and you could embed it anywhere you would use a text box control.
If you are familiar with Ant from Java then you could also check out NAnt to do your compile phase.

As far as I know, with Visual Studio you also get a command line C# compiler, csc. You could use a text editor and manually compile your C# code with that on the command line if you really want - that wouldn't be very practical however when your project contains more than a handful of source files.
If your project becomes bigger, you could use a tool like NAnt, which is a .NET version of the popular Java build tool Ant.
I agree with Jon Skeet about that your way of working is not very practical. If you are really looking for a software development job, you'd better learn to use the tools that other developers use. An employer will also not accept the fact that you'd want to write all the code yourself instead of using libraries. By using libraries instead of writing it all yourself you save lots of time, you are reusing well-tested code and your code will be much easier to maintain by other developers.

Learning C# as a VB.NET programmer

I am looking to switch to C#. I come from a C / C++ background but C# is a little different for me. I am switching mainly because of Silverlight and MVVM; all examples are in C#. Any information is in C# and I am confused when I read through it all.
What is a good place to start learning C# when starting with existing C / C++ knowledge?

Start writing code in C# ASAP. Only way to learn the language is to write it. You already understand VB.NET. You've got a huge lead on anyone new to .NET.
Take a smallish application you've written in VB.NET and methodically change it over to C#.
You'll learn the syntax, etc. quickly.
Write all of your future projects in C#. Just force yourself into the change and you'll do fine.

Read the best C# books. :)

The Wikipedia article "C Sharp (programming language)" is a decent introduction to C# as a language.

Shortly after learning VB.NET I decided I'd rather be coding C#. I learned it by reading a couple of books and working on a project. Slowly, I got my coworkers converted over to the language from VB.NET as well. The languages are very similar, some code conversion is just a matter of changing syntax.
However, if you've ever worked with a true VB'er you will see VB specific functions used in their code that'll make you scratch your head. There are string handling functions and casting functions for example that you will have to convert. Also, C# has no RaiseEvent. Events take a little more effort to understand in C# because you need to wrap your mind around delegates (C++ function pointers/callbacks). As others have said, if you are coming from C++ this shouldn't be too difficult.
Many people go on about needing to work on a project to understand a language, which I agree with. However, there are features of languages which you will never know about if you don't pick up a couple of books and read about them. I've been able to show my coworkers many useful techniques just by reading a couple of books.
Lastly, C# is a great language. I was very skeptical when I first started using .NET, but now I know that MS got the right talent together for that framework and language.
Good luck.

As you know C++ (as you wrote in the question) and VB.Net (as you mentioned in the title), C# won't be hard for you if do know them both well. If this is the case, just grab any source in C#, and read it.
By the way, the article from wikipedia is a very nice intro.

One thing that may work for you is to use a converter
Write your desired code in VB.
Paste small pieces of code you don't know how to write in C# into http://converter.telerik.com/ and convert.
Manually type the result into your C# project.
Gradually, reduce your reliance on converter as you become more familiar with language.
That is enough to get you started, however C# has language features that VB does not, or VB offers in a way that is so wordy that no one really uses it.
The more features you will come across as you look at code examples from around the web (like on stack overflow), and you need to either look up syntax or function manually, or convert from C# back to vb to understand what it is doing (use same converter). Or, just paste it in and see what it does.

Is there a way to do SSRS Expressions in C#

I am working on a SQl Server Report Services project and the report I am creating requires some custom code. It seems that all expressions must be in VB.NET and I figured if there was an 'easy' way to switch that over to be C#, it would be helpful.
EDIT:
Well, I decided to move my code to another C# assembly that follows the patterns like this example.

It's VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) rather than VB.NET, so it's not .NET, it's an embedded scripting language. Therefore I would expect that there's no way to switch to C#.

I believe that the reports are using something more along the lines of VBScript (Edit: OregonGhost says VBA which actually makes more sense than VBScript) than VB.NET (and very limited at that). I have not seen any way of switching it over to C#, and I would like to be proven wrong.

The short answer is no. And the language as described my MSDN is not really VB.NET, but Visual Basic