Say I have the following class:
class Foo
{
// ctor etc here
public string Bar
{
get;
}
}
Now, I have a LinkedList of Foos declared like so: LinkedList<Foo>
How would I write a basic Contains<>() for this?
I want to be able to do this:
Foo foo = new Foo(someString);
LinkedList<Foo> list = new LinkedList<foo>();
// Populate list with Foos
bool contains = list.Contains<Foo>(foo, (x => foo.Bar == x.Bar));
Am I trying to do this correctly?
Thanks
If you want to use LinkedList.Contains, you can do that, but Foo but implement IEquatable<Foo>. LinkedList.Contains does not work via a Predicate function, but rather by searching for a specific element. To use Contains, you would write:
bool contains = list.Contains(foo);
However, in this case, you may want to consider using the Enumerable.Any() extension method instead of Contains(). Doing this, it will look like your previous code, except you don't need the first "foo":
Foo foo = new Foo(someString);
LinkedList<Foo> list = new LinkedList<foo>();
// Populate list with Foos
bool contains = list.Any(x => foo.Bar == x.Bar);
Since "foo" is visible in the current scope, when you create the lambda expression, the compiler will automatically generate a closure over the "foo" variable, allowing you to use it directly. You only need to specify the argument name (x) for use in the predicate function created in the lambda.
This requires a reference to System.Core.dll and a using System.Linq; at the top of your file, as well as .NET 3.5+.
What you want is .Any<T>() in this case. Something like this:
bool contains = list.Any(x => foo.Bar == x.Bar);
What this says is "are there any where this statement is true?" Think Count() > 0 in this case. Then you use a variable, in this case x, x stands for the current element in list that you are on while iterating through it, so for each element you're comparing and seeing if it matches.
Related
Excuse me, a quick question:
I have a list of strings, string are full paths of some files. I would like to get only the filename without the path neither the extension for each string (and to understand lambda more)
Based on the lambda expression in How to bind a List to a DataGridView control? I am trying something like the below:
FilesName = Directory.GetFiles(fbd.SelectedPath).ToList(); // full path
List<string> FilesNameWithoutPath = AllVideosFileNames.ForEach(x => Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(x)); // I want only the filename
AllVideosGrid.DataSource = FilesNameWithoutPath.ConvertAll(x => new { Value = x }); // to then bind it with the grid
The error is:
Can not convert void() to List of string
So I want to apply Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension() for each string in FilesName. And would appreciate any extra description on how Lamba works in this case.
ForEach will execute some code on each item in your list, but will not return anything (see: List<T>.ForEach Method). What you want to do is Select the result of the method (see: Enumerable.Select<TSource, TResult> Method), which would look something like:
List<string> FilesNameWithoutPath = AllVideosFileNames
.Select(x => Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(x))
.ToList();
You are using List<T>.ForEach method which takes each element in the list and applies the given function to them, but it doesn't return anything. So what you are doing basically is getting each file name and throwing them away.
What you need is a Select instead of ForEach:
var fileNamesWithoutPath = AllVideosFileNames
.Select(x => Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(x))
.ToList();
AllVideosGrid.DataSource = fileNamesWithoutPath;
This will project each item, apply Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension to them and return the result, then you put that result into a list by ToList.
Note that you can also shorten the Select using a method group without declaring a lambda variable:
.Select(Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension)
In C#, I have a string array that I have written full full of "getter" method calls. They call methods in another class so that the array is populated with the needed strings. It looks something like this:
string[] mCalls = {c.get1(), c.get2(), c.get3()};
I'm sure this situation could apply to any program. However, in my program the variables these methods return are initially set with the string "Unchecked" - thus filling this example array with Unchecked 3 times. As my program goes on and things are checked, the values of the string variables get changed within the class they're in. I've been simply re-calling the getter methods at appropriate times to change what's in my array, like this:
mCalls[0] = c.get1();
mCalls[1] = c.get2();
mCalls[2] = c.get3();
I don't really like this. It seems inevitable that one day I'll have to change something, and if that happens I will have to manually do the tedious work of changing all of the indexing throughout my program. If this happens to be the best way I'm fine with that, but I assume there are better ways. So, in any case, is there a way to "refresh" the values in an array that is set up like this? And if so, what is it?
You want something like this:
public string[] MCalls
{
get
{
return new string[]{c.get1(), c.get2(), c.get3()};
}
private set;
}
and then use MCalls as if it is a regular variable whenever you want to access the arrays
You could change your array to contain functions instead of strings like this:
Func<string>[] mCalls = { c.get1, c.get2, c.get3...};
And then use it this way:
string c2 = mCalls[1]();
But note that this way every access is a method call. I'm not sure what you are really trying to achieve, there may be better overall designs than this approach.
Couple of options:
Create an array of lambdas:
var mCalls = new Func<object, string>[] {
(object o) => o.ToString() ,
(object o) => o.GetHashCode().ToString(),
(object o) => o.GetType().ToString(),
};
If the input to each lambda is the same you can create a lambda that returns an array:
Func<object, string[]> GetValues = (object o) => new string[]
{
o.ToString() ,
o.GetHashCode().ToString(),
o.GetType().ToString(),
};
Then just reload the array by calling the lambda:
mCalls = GetValues(c);
Note that it isn't technically refreshing the array, it's creating a new array. If you need to keep the array the same but just update the values you'd ned to loop through the array and assign the values by index.
What you could do is loop thorugh with reflection and get all methods from the class and from here you can get a list of method names. With this list you can assign to an array or run the methods by name or whatever. You can also filter the list to get your specific method names only:
var methodNames = typeof(MyClass).GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static)
.Select(x => x.Name)
.Distinct()
.OrderBy(x => x);
To call the methods:
foreach(var method in methodNames)
{
typeof(MyClass).GetMethod(method).Invoke(t, new[] { "world" });
}
So I have a list of objects with a number of properties. Among these properties are name and id. Let's call this object ExtendedObject. I've also declared a new List of different objects that have only the properties name and id. Let's call this object BasicObject.
What I'd like to do is convert or copy (for lack of better words) the List of ExtendedObject objects to a list of BasicObject objects. I know C# Lists have a lot of interesting methods that can be useful, so I wondered if there were an easy way to say something to the effect of:
basicObjectList = extendedObjectList.SomeListMethod<BasicObject>(some condition here);
But I realize it may end up looking nothing like that. I also realize that I could just loop through the list of ExtendedObjects, create a new BasicObject from each ExtendedObject's name and id, and push it onto a list of BasicObjects. But I was hoping for something a little more elegant than that.
Does anyone have any ideas? Thanks very much.
It depends on exactly how you'd construct your BasicObject from an ExtendedObject, but you could probably use the ConvertAll method:
List<BasicObject> basicObjectList =
extendedObjectList.ConvertAll(x => new BasicObject
{
id = x.id,
name = x.name
});
Or, if you prefer, you could use the LINQ Select method and then convert back to a list:
List<BasicObject> basicObjectList =
extendedObjectList.Select(x => new BasicObject
{
id = x.id,
name = x.name
}).ToList();
if you are on .NET 3.5 or greater this could be done by using LINQ projections:
basicObjectList = extendedObjectList.Select(x => new BasicObject { Id=x.Id, Name=x.Name})
var basicObjectList = extendedObjectList.Select(eo => new BasicObject { name = eo.name, id = eo.id });
I think that the OP's suggestion of "BasicObject" was just a pseudonym for a resulting object with a specific subset of properties from the original set. Anonymous types are your friend (as indicated by #mumtaz).
Assuming the following extendedObjectList if of IEnumerable<T> (including a List):
// "var" used so that runtime infers the type automatically
var subset = extendedObjectList
// you can use any Linq based clause for filtering
.Where(a => <conditions>)
// where the runtime creates a runtime anonymous type to describe your "BasicObject"
.Select(a => new { a.Property1, a.Property2, a.Property3 })
// conversion to a List collection of your anonymous type
.ToList();
At this point, subset contains a List of an anonymous (runtime) type that contains three properties - Property1, Property2, Property3.
You can manipulate this resulting list as follows:
// execute an anonymous delegate (method) for each of the new anonymous objects
subset.ForEach
(
basicObject =>
{
Console.WriteLine("Property1 - {0}", basicObject.Property1);
Console.WriteLine("Property2 - {0}", basicObject.Property2);
Console.WriteLine("Property3 - {0}", basicObject.Property3);
}
);
// grab the first object off the list
var firstBasicObject = subset.First();
// sort the anonymously typed list
var sortedSubset = subset.OrderBy(a => a.Property1).ToList();
Once the runtime has resolved the new object (of any combination of properties from the source object), you can use it virtually any way that you wish.
For Linq-to-Sql applications (using IQueryable<T>), the Select statement can be used to obtain specific column data (instead of the entire row), thereby creating an anonymous type to describe a subset of column data for a given row.
Lets say we have a simple class
public class Foo
{
public string FooName;
}
Now we want to do some simple work on it.
public void SomeCallerMethod(List<Foo> listOfFoos)
{
string[] fooNames = listOfFoo. // What to do here?
}
If I even knew what method to call, I could probably find the rest of the peices.
You want to transform a list of your class into an array of strings. The ideal method for this is Select, which operates on each element on the enumerable and builds a new enumerable based on the type you return.
You need to put a lambda expression into the select method that returns the name, which will simply be "for each element, select the name".
You then need to cast the output as an array.
string[] fooNames = listOfFoos.Select(foo => foo.FooName).ToArray();
Or, using the other syntax:
string[] fooNames = (from foo in listOfFoos
select foo.FooName).ToArray();
This is a long shot, I know...
Let's say I have a collection
List<MyClass> objects;
and I want to run the same method on every object in the collection, with or without a return value. Before Linq I would have said:
List<ReturnType> results = new List<ReturnType>();
List<int> FormulaResults = new List<int>();
foreach (MyClass obj in objects) {
results.Add(obj.MyMethod());
FormulaResults.Add(ApplyFormula(obj));
}
I would love to be able to do something like this:
List<ReturnType> results = new List<ReturnType>();
results.AddRange(objects.Execute(obj => obj.MyMethod()));
// obviously .Execute() above is fictitious
List<int> FormulaResults = new List<int>();
FormulaResults.AddRange(objects.Execute(obj => ApplyFormula(obj)));
I haven't found anything that will do this. Is there such a thing?
If there's nothing generic like I've posited above, at least maybe there's a way of doing it for the purposes I'm working on now: I have a collection of one object that has a wrapper class:
class WrapperClass {
private WrappedClass wrapped;
public WrapperClass(WrappedClass wc) {
this.wrapped = wc;
}
}
My code has a collection List<WrappedClass> objects and I want to convert that to a List<WrapperClass>. Is there some clever Linq way of doing this, without doing the tedious
List<WrapperClass> result = new List<WrapperClass>();
foreach (WrappedClass obj in objects)
results.Add(new WrapperClass(obj));
Thanks...
Would:
results.AddRange(objects.Select(obj => ApplyFormula(obj)));
do?
or (simpler)
var results = objects.Select(obj => ApplyFormula(obj)).ToList();
I think that the Select() extension method can do what you're looking for:
objects.Select( obj => obj.MyMethod() ).ToList(); // produces List<Result>
objects.Select( obj => ApplyFormula(obj) ).ToList(); // produces List<int>
Same thing for the last case:
objects.Select( obj => new WrapperClass( obj ) ).ToList();
If you have a void method which you want to call, here's a trick you can use with IEnumerable, which doesn't have a ForEach() extension, to create a similar behavior without a lot of effort.
objects.Select( obj => { obj.SomeVoidMethod(); false; } ).Count();
The Select() will produce a sequence of [false] values after invoking SomeVoidMethod() on each [obj] in the objects sequence. Since Select() uses deferred execution, we call the Count() extension to force each element in the sequence to be evaluated. It works quite well when you want something like a ForEach() behavior.
If the method MyMethod that you want to apply returns an object of type T then you can obtain an IEnumerable<T> of the result of the method via:
var results = objects.Select(o => o.MyMethod());
If the method MyMethod that you want to apply has return type void then you can apply the method via:
objects.ForEach(o => o.MyMethod());
This assumes that objects is of generic type List<>. If all you have is an IEnumerable<> then you can roll your own ForEach extension method or apply objects.ToList() first and use the above syntax .
The C# compiler maps a LINQ select onto the .Select extension method, defined over IEnumerable (or IQueryable which we'll ignore here). Actually, that .Select method is exactly the kind of projection function that you're after.
LBushkin is correct, but you can actually use LINQ syntax as well...
var query = from o in objects
select o.MyMethod();
You can also run a custom method using the marvelous Jon Skeet's morelinq library
For example if you had a text property on your MyClass that you needed to change in runtime using a method on the same class:
objects = objects.Pipe<MyClass>(class => class.Text = class.UpdateText()).ToList();
This method will now be implemented on every object in your list. I love morelinq!
http://www.hookedonlinq.com/UpdateOperator.ashx has an extended Update method you can use. Or you can use a select statement as posted by others.