Double buffering with C# has negative effect - c#

I have written the following simple program, which draws lines on the screen every 100 milliseconds (triggered by timer1). I noticed that the drawing flickers a bit (that is, the window is not always completely blue, but some gray shines through). So my idea was to use double-buffering. But when I did that, it made things even worse. Now the screen was almost always gray, and only occasionally did the blue color come through (demonstrated by timer2, switching the DoubleBuffered property every 2000 milliseconds).
What could be an explanation for this?
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 {
public partial class Form1 : Form {
public Form1() {
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) {
Graphics g = CreateGraphics();
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1.0f);
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
g.DrawLine(pen, 0, i, Width, i);
}
// every 100 ms
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) {
Invalidate();
}
// every 2000 ms
private void timer2_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) {
DoubleBuffered = !DoubleBuffered;
this.Text = DoubleBuffered ? "yes" : "no";
}
}
}

I would just draw all of your items to your own buffer, then copy it all in at once. I've used this for graphics in many applications, and it has always worked very well for me:
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Invalidate();// every 100 ms
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DoubleBuffered = true;
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
Bitmap buffer = new Bitmap(Width, Height);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(buffer);
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1.0f);
//Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
g.DrawLine(pen, 0, i, Width, i);
BackgroundImage = buffer;
}
EDIT: After further investigation, it looks like your problem is what you're setting your Graphics object to:
Graphics g = CreateGraphics();
needs to be:
Graphics g = e.Graphics();
So your problem can be solved by either creating a manual buffer like I did above, or simply changing you Graphics object. I've tested both and they both work.

No need to use multiple buffers or Bitmap objects or anything.
Why don't you use the Graphics object provided by the Paint event? Like this:
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1.0f);
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
g.DrawLine(pen, 0, i, Width, i);
}

Try setting the double buffered property to true just once in the constructor while you're testing.
You need to make use of the back buffer. Try this:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace DoubleBufferTest
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private BufferedGraphicsContext context;
private BufferedGraphics grafx;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.Resize += new EventHandler(this.OnResize);
DoubleBuffered = true;
// Retrieves the BufferedGraphicsContext for the
// current application domain.
context = BufferedGraphicsManager.Current;
UpdateBuffer();
}
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Refresh();
}
private void OnResize(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
UpdateBuffer();
this.Refresh();
}
private void UpdateBuffer()
{
// Sets the maximum size for the primary graphics buffer
// of the buffered graphics context for the application
// domain. Any allocation requests for a buffer larger
// than this will create a temporary buffered graphics
// context to host the graphics buffer.
context.MaximumBuffer = new Size(this.Width + 1, this.Height + 1);
// Allocates a graphics buffer the size of this form
// using the pixel format of the Graphics created by
// the Form.CreateGraphics() method, which returns a
// Graphics object that matches the pixel format of the form.
grafx = context.Allocate(this.CreateGraphics(),
new Rectangle(0, 0, this.Width, this.Height));
// Draw the first frame to the buffer.
DrawToBuffer(grafx.Graphics);
}
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
grafx.Render(e.Graphics);
}
private void DrawToBuffer(Graphics g)
{
//Graphics g = grafx.Graphics;
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1.0f);
//Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)
g.DrawLine(pen, 0, i, Width, i);
}
}
}
It's a slightly hacked around version of a double buffering example on MSDN.

Related

How can I save a graphics object to a bitmap in a "paint" winforms application?

My problem is:
When I try to save the graphics object to a bitmap image it does not save correctly, instead the image is black in color and there is nothing else in the file.
I've seen other answers, but I think it's different when you draw multiple times in the graphics object.
So, here's my attempt, please let me know where my issue is.
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
namespace PenFlip
{
public partial class Match : Form
{
Graphics g;
private int x = -1;
private int y = -1;
private bool moving;
private Pen pen;
private Bitmap testBmp;
public Match()
{
InitializeComponent();
g = panel1.CreateGraphics();
g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 5);
pen.StartCap = pen.EndCap = LineCap.Round;
}
private void pictureBox1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
PictureBox pictureBox = (PictureBox) sender;
pen.Color = pictureBox.BackColor;
}
private void panel1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
moving = true;
x = e.X;
y = e.Y;
}
private void panel1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (moving && x != -1 && y != -1)
{
g.DrawLine(pen, new Point(x, y), e.Location);
x = e.X;
y = e.Y;
}
}
private void panel1_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
moving = false;
x = -1;
y = -1;
g.Save();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// prints out the black image
testBmp = new Bitmap(400, 200, g);
testBmp.Save(#"test.bmp", ImageFormat.Bmp);
}
}
}
Uh, usage of Bitmap is tricky and has a lot of pitfalls (that's why it's use is deprecated, btw). Try to create the Graphics object from an in-memory bitmap, instead of grabbing it from a control. The bitmap should be the primary object, not the Graphics instance. You don't know what the control does to your bitmap.
So in the constructor, do something like:
public Match()
{
InitializeComponent();
bitmap = new Bitmap(panel1.Width, panel1.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 5);
pen.StartCap = pen.EndCap = LineCap.Round;
}
and in each function, create a graphics object from the bitmap:
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(image))
{
graphics.Draw(...);
}
You need to update the panel manually now, e.g. by attaching to it's OnPaint event.

Real-time draw.lines using serial port data

I want my simple program to take X and Y coordinates from serial port and draw them in window (like paint but with other device than mouse).
I managed to create code that recive and transforms data however I can't handle drawing that data on form.
Program works until Form1 window shows up. Then i recieve only "data_recived" and data value in console but rest of the datarecived event don't execute.
I know it is something wrong with DataReceivedHandler but i tried so many solution and none of them worked. (in comments you can see my attempts to use timer trigerred event to do that).
Could anyone give me at least some tips how to solve my problem? I would be really grateful
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Threading;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public string data;
private List<Point> points;
private Bitmap bmp;
private Pen pen;
private PictureBox pictureBox1 = new PictureBox();
//private System.Timers.Timer _timer;
//private DateTime _startTime;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
SerialPort serialPort1 = new SerialPort("COM3", 9600, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One);
serialPort1.Open();
serialPort1.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(DataReceivedHandler);
DoubleBuffered = true;
pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 3);
points = new List<Point>();
// _startTime = DateTime.Now;
// _timer = new System.Timers.Timer(100); // 0.1 s
// _timer.Elapsed += new System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler (timer_Elapsed);
// _timer.Start();
// Console.WriteLine("Czas Start");
}
public void DataReceivedHandler(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
SerialPort serialPort1 = (SerialPort)sender;
Console.WriteLine("data_recived");
data = serialPort1.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(data);
pointlist_reciver();
}
// void timer_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
//{
// Console.WriteLine("Czas");
// TimeSpan timeSinceStart = DateTime.Now - _startTime;
//string output = string.Format("{0},{1}\r\n", DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString(), (int)Math.Floor(timeSinceStart.TotalMinutes));
// pointlist_reciver();
// }
public void pointlist_reciver()
{
int x1;
int y1;
points = new List<Point>();
string[] coordinates = new string[2];
coordinates = data.Split(',');
string x = coordinates[0];
string y = coordinates[1];
Int32.TryParse(x, out x1);
Int32.TryParse(y, out y1);
points.Add(new Point(x1, y1));
if (points.Count >= 2)
{
this.Paint += new PaintEventHandler(Form1_Paint);
}
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
PaintP(e);
}
public void PaintP ( PaintEventArgs e)
{
bmp = new Bitmap(1500, 1500);
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp))
g.Clear(Color.White);
e.Graphics.DrawLines(pen, points.ToArray());
points.Clear();
}
}
}
points.Count >= 2
would never happen
this.Paint += new PaintEventHandler(Form1_Paint)
this does not make sense here, you need to register it only once on form load. What you are looking for is Invalidate(). Just beware you may be on different thread, so may need to Invoke first.
bmp = new Bitmap(1500, 1500);
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp))
g.Clear(Color.White);
e.Graphics.DrawLines(pen, points.ToArray());
points.Clear();
you create bitmap you do not even use. Not sure what exactly you are trying to achieve here.
Example
You have two options. Either you draw on bitmap and paste that bitmap on the form. Or you just draw on the form. I made a simple example how to use the latter option. When you move mouse on the form it draws points. Just register the eventhandlers - Load, MouseMove, Paint.
List<Point> points = new List<Point>();
private void Form1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
points.Add(e.Location);
Invalidate();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.DoubleBuffered = true;
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
int radius = 3;
for (int i = points.Count - 1; i >= 0; --i)
{
Point p = points[i];
p.Y += 1;
if (p.Y > Height)
{
points.RemoveAt(i);
continue;
}
points[i] = p;
e.Graphics.FillEllipse(
Brushes.Red,
p.X - radius,
p.Y - radius,
2 * radius,
2 * radius
);
}
}
I managed to make my code work thanks to your suggestions. It still needs some work becasue it draws seperate lines instead of continuous one.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Threading;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public string data;
private List<Point> points = new List<Point>();
public string[] coordinates;
private Pen pen;
public Bitmap obrazek;
public int i = 0;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
obrazek = new Bitmap(1000, 1000);
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(obrazek))
g.Clear(Color.White);
SerialPort serialPort1 = new SerialPort("COM3", 9600, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One);
serialPort1.Open();
serialPort1.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(DataReceivedHandler);
DoubleBuffered = true;
pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 3);
points = new List<Point>();
}
public void DataReceivedHandler(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
SerialPort TempSerialPort = (SerialPort)sender;
//Console.WriteLine("data_recived");
data = TempSerialPort.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(data);
pointlist_reciver();
//this.Invalidate();
pictureBox2.Invalidate();
}
public void pointlist_reciver()
{
int x1;
int y1;
string[] coordinates = data.Split(',');
string x = coordinates[0];
string y = coordinates[1];
Int32.TryParse(x, out x1);
Int32.TryParse(y, out y1);
points.Add(new Point(x1, y1));
Console.WriteLine(points.Count.ToString());
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
e.Graphics.DrawImage(obrazek, 0, 0);
if (points.Count >= 2)
{
List<Point> points2 = points.GetRange(0, 2);
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(obrazek))
g.DrawLines(pen, points2.ToArray());
points.Clear();
}
}
}
}
Later i will post final version.

ZOOM-IN & ZOOM-OUT 2D graphics C#

i have to ZOOM-IN & ZOOM-OUT specific portion of 2D-graphics like (line, Rectangle, circle) which i have drawn on winform.
I am not used any picture box, panel.
I crated simple program to draw circle & on button click try to zoom
but it showing error "parameter is not valid"
in method Drawing() # Line- DeviceContexct.Transform = mainViewTransform;
public Graphics DeviceContexct;
public Matrix mainViewTransform = new Matrix();
private void ScalingCircle_Paint( object sender, PaintEventArgs e )
{
Pen myPen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1);
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(myPen, 50, 50, 100, 100);
mainViewTransform.Scale(3, 2);
DeviceContexct = e.Graphics;
}
private void Drawing(Graphics gr)
{
Pen myPen2 = new Pen(Color.Red, 1);
DeviceContexct.Transform = mainViewTransform;
DeviceContexct.DrawRectangle(myPen2, 50, 50, 100, 100);
}
private void button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e )
{
Drawing(DeviceContexct);
}
I prefer to draw into Bitmaps with System.Drawing.Graphics object.
Then you can use your graphics object with "go.DrawImage(...)" to draw the bitmap directly into your winforms and actually give it a scale.
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us//library/ms142040(v=vs.110).aspx
I got the solution, thanks for your help.
I only need to call refresh/invalidate etc on button click.
public partial class ScalingCircle : Form
{
public Graphics DeviceContexct;
// current transformation matrix of main view (offset & scaling)
public Matrix mainViewTransform = new Matrix();
public int scale = 1;
public ScalingCircle()
{
InitializeComponent();
DeviceContexct = Graphics.FromHwnd(this.Handle);
DeviceContexct = this.CreateGraphics();
}
public void ScalingCircle_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
DeviceContexct = e.Graphics;
DeviceContexct.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Pixel;
DeviceContexct.Transform = mainViewTransform;
ScalingCircle1(scale);
}
private void ScalingCircle1(int x )
{
Pen myPen2 = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);
DeviceContexct.Transform = mainViewTransform;
Rectangle myRectangle = new Rectangle(50, 50, 100 * x, 100 * x);
DeviceContexct.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.BurlyWood), myRectangle);
}
private void ScalingCircle_Load( object sender, EventArgs e )
{
this.ResizeRedraw = true;
}
private void button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e )
{
scale += 5;
this.Refresh();
}
private void button2_Click( object sender, EventArgs e )
{
if (scale > 1)
{
scale -= 5;
this.Refresh();
}
}
}
You can use transformations for that. The graphics object you use for painting things has a Transformation property of type System.Drawing.Drawing2D.Matrix.
Graphics also has the ScaleTransform method.
I haven't used it myself, but that is how microsofts Chart does it.
https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/system.drawing.drawing2d.matrix(v=vs.110).aspx
https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/system.drawing.graphics.scaletransform(v=vs.110).aspx

C# How to Move A Circle Along a Rectangle Path

I need to move a point along a rectangle path at the command of a button. I want it to start at the upper right corner of the rectangle path, but I am not sure how to get it to go all the way around the path and stop at the original point. The screen refreshes at the speed provided by the user in an input box. Thank you in advance!
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Timers;
namespace Assignment_2
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private const int formwidth = 1280;
private const int formheight = 720;
private const int ball_a_radius = 10;
private const int horizontaladjustment = 8;
private const double ball_a_distance_moved_per_refresh = 1.6;
private double ball_a_real_coord_x = 515;
private double ball_a_real_coord_y = 40;
private int ball_a_int_coord_x;
private int ball_a_int_coord_y;
private const double graphicrefreshrate = 30.0;
private static System.Timers.Timer graphic_area_refresh_clock = new System.Timers.Timer();
private static System.Timers.Timer ball_a_control_clock = new System.Timers.Timer();
private bool ball_a_clock_active = false;
public double speed = 0;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
ball_a_int_coord_x = (int)(ball_a_real_coord_x);
ball_a_int_coord_y = (int)(ball_a_real_coord_y);
System.Console.WriteLine("Initial coordinates: ball_a_int_coord_x = {0}. ball_a_int_coord_y = {1}.",
ball_a_int_coord_x, ball_a_int_coord_y);
graphic_area_refresh_clock.Enabled = false;
graphic_area_refresh_clock.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(Updatedisplay);
ball_a_control_clock.Enabled = false;
ball_a_control_clock.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(Updateballa);
Startgraphicclock(graphicrefreshrate);
Startballaclock(speed);
}
public class NumericTextBox : TextBox
{
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void panel2_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
}
private void panel2_Paint_1(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
//Create pen
Pen blackPen = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);
//Create rectangle
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(125, 50, 400, 400);
//Draw rectangle to screen
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(blackPen, rect);
Graphics graph = e.Graphics;
graph.FillEllipse(Brushes.Green, ball_a_int_coord_x, ball_a_int_coord_y, 2 * ball_a_radius, 2 * ball_a_radius);
base.OnPaint(e);
}
public void button7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
speed = Convert.ToInt32(textBox3.Text);
}
private void textBox3_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Startgraphicclock(double refreshrate)
{
double elapsedtimebetweentics;
if (refreshrate < 1.0) refreshrate = 1.0;
elapsedtimebetweentics = 1000.0 / refreshrate;
graphic_area_refresh_clock.Interval = (int)System.Math.Round(elapsedtimebetweentics);
graphic_area_refresh_clock.Enabled = true;
}
protected void Startballaclock(double updaterate)
{
double elapsedtimebetweenballmoves;
if (updaterate < 1.0) updaterate = 1.0;
elapsedtimebetweenballmoves = 1000.0 / updaterate;
ball_a_control_clock.Interval = (int)System.Math.Round(elapsedtimebetweenballmoves);
ball_a_control_clock.Enabled = true;
ball_a_clock_active = true;
}
protected void Updatedisplay(System.Object sender, ElapsedEventArgs evt)
{
Invalidate();
if (!(ball_a_clock_active))
{
graphic_area_refresh_clock.Enabled = false;
System.Console.WriteLine("The graphical area is no longer refreshing. You may close the window.");
}
}
protected void Updateballa(System.Object sender, ElapsedEventArgs evt)
{
ball_a_real_coord_x = ball_a_real_coord_x - 5;
ball_a_real_coord_y = ball_a_real_coord_y - 5;
ball_a_int_coord_x = (int)System.Math.Round(ball_a_real_coord_x);
ball_a_int_coord_y = (int)System.Math.Round(ball_a_real_coord_y);
if (ball_a_int_coord_x >= formwidth || ball_a_int_coord_y + 2 * ball_a_radius <= 0 || ball_a_int_coord_y >= formheight)
{
ball_a_clock_active = false;
ball_a_control_clock.Enabled = false;
System.Console.WriteLine("The clock controlling ball a has stopped.");
}
}
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ball_a_control_clock.Enabled = true;
}
}
}
I have a more straightforward way to move a circle. Your code is too long for me to read. See if you like this!
If I were you, I would use a PictureBox. I first create an image of a circle, and then put that image in the PictureBox. Then you can just use a timer to change the position of the PictureBox.
You should set the Interval of the timer to 33 ms, which is roughly 30 fps. This is how you would programme the timer:
Keep a counter to indicate how many pixels the circle has moved. Let's say you want it to move in a 100px x 50px rectangular path.
For every 33ms,
If the counter is less than 100,
increase the X position and the counter by 1,
if the counter is between 101 and 150,
increase the Y position and the counter by 1,
if the counter is between 151 and 250,
decrease the X position by 1 and increment the counter
if the counter is between 251 and 300,
decrease the Y position by 1 and increment the counter
if the counter is greater than 300,
stop the timer
I really don't like drawing stuff on the screen with the OnPaint event. I mean, you are moving a ball! People think of this as changing the x and y positions of a ball, not as deleting the ball at the previous position and drawing it in the new position. Changing the position of the picture box just makes LOTS more sense, don't you think so?

Winforms Graphics flickering. (Double buffering doesn't help!)

I'm trying to create a simple Windows Forms graphics app that basically will draw a circle every time the user clicks and it expands, while slowly fading away.
When I tried to use the Paint() Event for my graphics functionality, nothing happened, so I created a separate function called "Render" that is called in my main update Timer.
The app worked but the graphics flickered. After some researched I realized that I had to enable Double Buffering so that it would render to a buffer and then the buffer would be rendered to the screen.
The flickering still didn't stop!
Is this because double buffering only works for Paint() events and if so how do I get the Paint() event to work or am I not enabling Double Buffering right?
Here's my code:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Widget
{
public class Circle
{
public float X;
public float Y;
public float Radius;
public int Alpha;
public Circle(float X, float Y, float Radius, int Alpha)
{
this.X = X;
this.Y = Y;
this.Radius = Radius;
this.Alpha = Alpha;
}
}
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public static readonly int ScreenX = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Width;
public static readonly int ScreenY = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Height;
public int WindowWidth = 500, WindowHeight = 500;
public Graphics G;
private Pen Pen;
private Timer timer = new Timer();
private List<Circle> Circles;
public Form1()
{
this.Text = "Widget - Sam Brandt";
this.Size = new Size(WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
this.Location = new Point(ScreenX - WindowWidth - 100, 0);
this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle;
this.MaximizeBox = false;
this.Icon = new Icon("C:\\Users\\Admin\\Desktop\\Code Repositories\\Visual Studios\\Widget\\Widget\\Properties\\WidgetIcon.ico");
Pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);
G = CreateGraphics();
//this.Paint += new PaintEventHandler(OnPaint);
ConstructMouse();
FormWithTimer();
DoubleBuffered = true;
Circles = new List<Circle>();
}
public void ConstructMouse()
{
this.MouseUp += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseUp);
this.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseMove);
this.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseDown);
}
public void FormWithTimer()
{
timer.Tick += new EventHandler(timer_Tick);
timer.Interval = (10);
timer.Enabled = true;
timer.Start();
}
protected void OnMouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
}
protected void OnMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
}
public void OnMouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
Circles.Add(new Circle(e.Location.X, e.Location.Y, 0, 255));
}
/*public void OnPaint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
e.Graphics.Clear(Color.White);
for (int i = 0; i < Circles.Count; i++)
{
Circle C = Circles[i];
e.Graphics.DrawEllipse(new Pen(Color.FromArgb(C.Alpha, 0, 0, 0), 1), C.X - C.Radius, C.Y - C.Radius, 2 * C.Radius, 2 * C.Radius);
}
}*/
private void Tick()
{
for (int i = 0; i < Circles.Count; i++)
{
Circle C = Circles[i];
C.Radius++;
C.Alpha -= 3;
if (C.Alpha == 0)
{
Circles.RemoveAt(i);
}
}
}
public void Render()
{
G.Clear(Color.White);
for (int i = 0; i < Circles.Count; i++)
{
Circle C = Circles[i];
G.DrawEllipse(new Pen(Color.FromArgb(C.Alpha, 0, 0, 0), 1), C.X - C.Radius, C.Y - C.Radius, 2 * C.Radius, 2 * C.Radius);
}
}
public void timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Render();
Tick();
}
}
}
Short answer - keep DoubleBuffered = true and use Paint event.
When I tried to use a PaintEvent for my graphics functionality, nothing happened
When you do some modifications and want to reflect them, use Control.Invalidate method, which according to the documentation
Invalidates the entire surface of the control and causes the control to be redrawn.
In your case, something like this
void timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Tick();
Invalidate();
}
More observations here but probably will be the answer.
Why Timer?
Use the Paint event, it is called when the GDI+ determines it needs to, you are constantly painting with your code as-is.
Your code makes it look like you are not using double buffering.
I'd do all your drawing to a separate Graphics object, and then copy that to your main Graphics object on the timer tick event only if there's been a change. You may need to keep track of that with a boolean member. This means your background drawing will have to be triggered by some other event.
If your picture is actually changing every 10 milliseconds, I'd slow down the timer a bit and set it to 50 milliseconds.
Try this (in VB):
Dim aProp = GetType(Control).GetProperty("DoubleBuffered", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic Or System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance)
aProp.SetValue(Me, True, Nothing)
Also had problems with double buffering, and usual setting property DoubleBuffered to true do not work. I have found this solution somewhere on web

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