I am trying to program a DLL in C#. This DLL should work as a kind of port for Selenium to Visual FoxPro 9 SP2. My goal is to make a DLL (or other libray type) that will work with VFP and can use Selenium. So I searched a lot (all weekend) and I found nothing. For clarification, I
found a lot of help, but none of it worked at all. I got to a point, where with regasm I managed to create .reg and .tlb files and run .reg file to create registry entry, but in VFP and function CreateObejct() [acording to some tutorials it's the only way to use .NET DLLs in VFP] it gave error "Entry point for function HelloWorld was not found" (or something similar to that, you got the idea) and same with DECLARE, which worked but function cannot be ran 'cos some issues (don't remeber excatly, something like "Class definiton cannot be found" or "Function defenition cannot be found" or "File cannot be found").
I tried everything that I found. I mainly tried to follow this tutorial: https://www.tek-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=1619542 but I used a lot of other sources.
I tried:
Registering it using regsv32 (not working with C#) and with regasm
(worked but in VFP gave error)
Before registering use sn -k and then call regasm with it (not
worked at all)
Changing all settings that I found I should change (even in
combinations)
Building with all types of kinds of build settings (I think it should be x86 as 32-bit, register as COM interop = true)
Combining all above
I actually have no code, 'cos I am trying to make at least working DLL with HelloWordl() and Add() functions.
Thank you for any help
Edit:
I am going to add here some code, that I already tried:
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsDual)]
public interface INarexDLL
{
[DispId(0)]
int Add(int a, int b);
[DispId(1)]
string HelloWorld();
}
[ComSourceInterfaces(typeof(INarexDLL))]
[ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.AutoDual)]
[ProgId("Narex.NarexDLL")]
[ComVisible(true)]
public class Class1 : INarexDLL
{
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
public string HelloWorld()
{
return "Hello world";
}
}
And:
/// <summary>
/// Narex dll.
/// </summary>
[ComVisible(true)]
[Guid("82fb954d-378c-4e3e-9d57-2f812da564bc")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsDual)]
public interface INarexDLL
{
/// <summary>
/// Hellos the world.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Hello World</returns>
string HelloWorld();
/// <summary>
/// Add the specified a and b.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>a + b</returns>
/// <param name="a">First number</param>
/// <param name="b">Second number</param>
int Add(int a, int b);
}
/// <summary>
/// Narex dll.
/// </summary>
[ComVisible(true)]
[Guid("bf99a6f7-4a0b-4896-813b-dbea3f75041a")]
[ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.AutoDual)]
[ProgId("NarexV4.NarexDLL")]
public class NarexDLL : INarexDLL
{
/// <summary>
/// Hellos the world.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Hello World</returns>
public string HelloWorld()
{
return "Hello World from C# COM DLL";
}
/// <summary>
/// Add the specified a and b.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>a + b </returns>
/// <param name="a">First number</param>
/// <param name="b">Second number</param>
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
}
Have a look at West Wind dotnetbridge (wwdotnetbridge)
This provides robust access to net classes
(would not fit to a comment)
Looks like you don't know VFP. You might start by learning it, or as of today skip learning it and continue with C# or one of the other languages selenium has support.
VFP can use 2 types of DLL.
Win32 DLL. This is the one you meant with DECLARE. I don't think the DLL you have written in C# is a win32 DLL. These can be written in C++ and even if you want, compiled as FLL for VFP's native usage.
Activex (COM) DLL. These are the ones that we write and use in VFP using C#. For it to be usable by VFP, you must register for COM Interop.
In simple terms, you create a new class library project, be sure you are targeting x86 (VFP is 32 bits), and register for COM interop.
A sample looks like:
//...
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SbcHelper
{
[ComSourceInterfaces(typeof(IcbSBCEvents))]
[ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.AutoDual)]
[ProgId("cbNetCOM.cbSBCx")]
[ComVisible(true)]
public class cbSBCWorker
{
#region Bulk Info
public delegate void delFeedbackProgress(SbcState state, string tableName, string message, double percentComplete);
public event delFeedbackProgress Feedbackprogress;
private List<BulkInfo> bulkInfo = new List<BulkInfo>();
private List<SbcMessage> messages;
public cbSBCWorker()
{ // ...
and would be instantiated from VFP:
oSomething = CreateObject("cbNetCOM.cbSBCx")
For registration on another computer you need to sign it and you could either do that with sn.exe (sn -k ...) or in your project settings.
Registration is NOT done using regsvr32 but regasm:
regasm yourLib.dll /codebase
You might also try using .Net libraries from VFP. If you go for it check this link:
Kodnet
I wanted to convert a bitmap to Leptonica.Pix.. So after I did a search I found someone who had the same problem here:
Tesseract .NET Process image from memory object
So the solution to this problem was to use PixConverter.ToPix() method.
My problem here is that I can't find this method in the latest installed Leptonica Package. I tried to remove the and reinstall the lateset version thought Nuget but the method is still not not there.
What should I do to be able to use PixConverter.ToPix()?. Thanks in advance.
EDIT: I forgot to mention that i'm using the latest Tessercat pacakge too.
You need to use the version "3.0.2" for this (PixConverter.ToPix()) to work.
So your .csproj file should have this exact match in version:
<PackageReference Include="Tesseract" Version="3.0.2" />
Hope it helps.
In Tesseract 4 there is a new way to convert this using the following syntax:
var pixFromByteArray = Pix.LoadFromMemory(byteArray);
var pixFromFile = Pix.LoadFromFile(fileName);
It lives in Tesseract namespace, more information can be found here https://github.com/charlesw/tesseract
namespace Tesseract
{
/// <summary>
/// Handles converting between different image formats supported by DotNet.
/// </summary>
public static class PixConverter
{
private static readonly BitmapToPixConverter bitmapConverter = new BitmapToPixConverter();
private static readonly PixToBitmapConverter pixConverter = new PixToBitmapConverter();
/// <summary>
/// Converts the specified <paramref name="pix"/> to a Bitmap.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pix">The source image to be converted.</param>
/// <returns>The converted pix as a <see cref="Bitmap"/>.</returns>
public static Bitmap ToBitmap(Pix pix)
{
return pixConverter.Convert(pix);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the specified <paramref name="img"/> to a Pix.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="img">The source image to be converted.</param>
/// <returns>The converted bitmap image as a <see cref="Pix"/>.</returns>
public static Pix ToPix(Bitmap img)
{
return bitmapConverter.Convert(img);
}
}
}
As per the sites landing page
Add the Tesseract NuGet Package by running Install-Package Tesseract from the Package Manager Console.
Also, its worth while reading the site thoroughly.
Disclaimer, i have never used this library before, just looked up the information
Update
Just to make sure i wasn't giving you bad information, I created a new project, downloaded the latest Tesseract nuget. And was able to do the following.
using Tesseract;
...
PixConverter.ToPix()
Update2
The problem you are noticing is because you are using
https://www.nuget.org/packages/tesseract.net/
apposed to
https://www.nuget.org/packages/Tesseract/
Now 'im not sure what one you actually want. However that method dosnt not exist in the former
I am going to create a LicFileLicenseProvider based license provider. I have read many articles, questions and answers regarding this content. Finally, I have created my license provider, MyLicFileLicenseProvider and it has two modes, RunTime and DesignTime. I am going to set license for design time only. I did it and it is working good as well. Therefore, the license will be (and should be) used only during the compiling with existance of the "licenses.licx" file.
A. Normal Case
1) Create a class:
[LicenseProvider(typeof(MyLicFileLicenseProvider))]
public class XXXObject
{
private License license = null;
/// <summary>
/// Creates an instance of the XXXObject object.
/// </summary>
public XXXObject()
{
try
{
license = LicenseManager.Validate(typeof(XXXObject), this);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new SecurityException("Invalid license!");
}
}
}
2) Then, create a licenses.licx file, content
Object Full Name, Name space, Version, Culture, PublicKeyToken
3) Create a license file, XXX.XXXObject.lic file.
Now, I have created all necessary stuffs and compiled the project. It is compiled and working well.
B. Bi-normal case.
My question is, as I mentioned in above I have decorated the XXXObject class with the attribute [LicenseProvider(typeof(MyLicFileLicenseProvider))].
Then, I exclude the licenses.licx file from the project. Then, compiled the project. However, it is still compiling. This is not make sense, because I decorated
the class with [LicenseProvider(typeof(MyLicFileLicenseProvider))], and it should be looking for the licenses.licx, but it did not and compiled without error?
I've encountered the need to implement a plugin pattern that doesn't fit with anything I've seen elsewhere and I'm just wondering whether I'm looking at it the wrong way or whether anyone else has encountered the same problem and might have a soluton.
Essentially, we have a system that comprises of a core assembly, and a number of modules that plug into it. Some of the modules rely on other modules, but the need has arisen to potentially remove or replace some of those dependencies from time to time and I'd like to avoid recompiles as far as possible.
The system is a bespoke CMS and the modules are plugins providing features within the CMS. For example, we have a comments module and several content modules such as a news module, a blogs module etc. that can include commenting functionality. My problem is that some customers may not purchase the comments module, so I either need to find a way to prevent the dependent modules from depending on the existence of a comments module and, in some cases, may need to cater for a modified version of the comment module.
We're loading the modules at runtime and, at present, to avoid interdependencies between the modules, we're handling this using interfaces that are held in the core CMS assembly. My concern is that to avoid having to modify the core CMS assembly every time we create new modules where a dependency could exist, I need to use something a lot looser than interfaces and implementations of those interfaces.
I'm considering the following:
Core assembly contains an object that allows the registration and unregistration of shared input/output messages (for example "Comments.AddComment" or "Comments.ListComments")
When modules are loaded, they advertise the services they require and the services
they provide (for example, a news module would require the "Comments.AddComment" message and any variant of the comments module would provide the "Comments.AddComment" message).
Any objects or data that are passed to these messages will inherit from a very loose base class or implement an interface that exposes a property of type IDictionary that is contained within the core assembly. Alternatively, the contract for a message will require only a parameter of type object and I pass anonymous objects into them from the provider/consumer.
The downside is obviously losing strong typing, but the plus is that I don't rely on a strict interface implementation or require the inclusion of modules that may not exist at runtime.
Plugins are loaded via Reflection, checking referenced assemblies and looking for classes implementing a given interface. MEF and dynamic types aren't an option as I'm restricted to .NET 3.5.
Can anyone suggest anything better, or perhaps a different way of thinking about this problem?
You're right that if you use a base class or interface in your core app, then you need to rebuild the app and all the plugins that use that class/interface if it changes. So what can you do about it? Here are some ideas (not necessarily good ones, but they may spark some thoughts) that you can mix & match...
Put the interfaces in separate shared assemblies, so you at least don't need to recompile the core app if an interface changes.
Don't change any of your interfaces - keep them fixed in stone. Instead "version" them, so if you want to change the interface, you leave the old interface in place and just expose a completely new interface that extends or replaces the old API. This allows you to gradually deprecate old plugins rather than forcing an immediate global rebuild being required. This does tie your hands somewhat as it requires full backwards compatibility support for all the old interfaces at least until you know all your clients have moved on to newer builds of all their assemblies. But you can combine this with a less frequent "reinstall everything" release where you break backwards compatibility, clear out the defunct interfaces and upgrade all the client assemblies.
Look for interfaces where some parts of the interface are not needed by all plugins, and break up some interfaces into several simpler interfaces, to reduce dependencies/churn on each interface.
As you've suggested, convert interfaces into a runtime registration/discovery approach to minimise the churn on the interfaces. The more flexible and generic your interfaces are, the easier it will be to extend them without introducing breaking changes. For example, serialize data/commands to a string format, dictionary or XML and pass it in that form, rather than calling explicit interfaces. A data-driven approach like XML or a dictionary of name+value pairs is much easier to extend than an interface, so you can start supporting new elements/attributes while easily retaining backwards compatibility for clients that pass an older format to you. Instead of PostMessage(msg) + PostComment(msg) you could genericise the interface to a single method taking a type parameter: PostData("Message", msg) and PostData("Comment", msg) - that way it's easy to support new types without needing to define new interfaces.
If possible, try to define interfaces that anticipate expected future features. So if you think you might one day add an RSS capability, then think about how that might work, chuck in an interface, but don't provide any support for it. Then if you finally get around to adding an RSS plugin, it already has a defined API to plug into. Of course, this only works if you define flexible enough interfaces that they are actually usable by the system when it is implemented!
Or in some cases maybe you can ship the dependency plugins to all your customers, and use a licensing system to enable or disable their capabilities. Then your plugins can have dependencies on each other, but your customers can't utilise the facilities unless they've bought them.
Ok, did some digging and found what I was looking for.
NOTE : this is old code, it's not using any patterns or anything like that. Heck it's not even in it's own object, but it works :-) you'll need to adapt the idea's to work the way you want.
First things first, is a loop that gets all the DLL files found in a specific directory, in my case this was in a folder called 'plugins' under the apps install folder.
private void findPlugins(String path)
{
// Loop over a list of DLL's in the plugin dll path defined previously.
foreach (String fileName in Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.dll"))
{
if (!loadPlugin(fileName))
{
writeToLogFile("Failed to Add driver plugin (" + fileName + ")");
}
else
{
writeToLogFile("Added driver plugin (" + fileName + ")");
}
}// End DLL file loop
}// End find plugins
As you will see there is a call to 'loadPlugin' this is the actual routine that does the work of recognizing and loading an individual dll as a plugin for the system.
private Boolean loadPlugin(String pluginFile)
{
// Default to a successfull result, this will be changed if needed
Boolean result = true;
Boolean interfaceFound = false;
// Default plugin type is unknown
pluginType plType = pluginType.unknown;
// Check the file still exists
if (!File.Exists(pluginFile))
{
result = false;
return result;
}
// Standard try/catch block
try
{
// Attempt to load the assembly using .NET reflection
Assembly asm = Assembly.LoadFile(pluginFile);
// loop over a list of types found in the assembly
foreach (Type asmType in asm.GetTypes())
{
// If it's a standard abstract, IE Just the interface but no code, ignore it
// and continue onto the next iteration of the loop
if (asmType.IsAbstract) continue;
// Check if the found interface is of the same type as our plugin interface specification
if (asmType.GetInterface("IPluginInterface") != null)
{
// Set our result to true
result = true;
// If we've found our plugin interface, cast the type to our plugin interface and
// attempt to activate an instance of it.
IPluginInterface plugin = (IPluginInterface)Activator.CreateInstance(asmType);
// If we managed to create an instance, then attempt to get the plugin type
if (plugin != null)
{
// Get a list of custom attributes from the assembly
object[] attributes = asmType.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(pluginTypeAttribute), true);
// If custom attributes are found....
if (attributes.Length > 0)
{
// Loop over them until we cast one to our plug in type
foreach (pluginTypeAttribute pta in attributes)
plType = pta.type;
}// End if attributes present
// Finally add our new plugin to the list of plugins avvailable for use
pluginList.Add(new pluginListItem() { thePlugin = plugin, theType = plType });
plugin.startup(this);
result = true;
interfaceFound = true;
}// End if plugin != null
else
{
// If plugin could not be activated, set result to false.
result = false;
}
}// End if interface type not plugin
else
{
// If type is not our plugin interface, set the result to false.
result = false;
}
}// End for each type in assembly
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Take no action if loading the plugin causes a fault, we simply
// just don't load it.
writeToLogFile("Exception occured while loading plugin DLL " + ex.Message);
result = false;
}
if (interfaceFound)
result = true;
return result;
}// End loadDriverPlugin
As you'll see above, there is a struct that holds the info for a plugin entry, this is defined as:
public struct pluginListItem
{
/// <summary>
/// Interface pointer to the loaded plugin, use this to gain access to the plugins
/// methods and properties.
/// </summary>
public IPluginInterface thePlugin;
/// <summary>
/// pluginType value from the valid enumerated values of plugin types defined in
/// the plugin interface specification, use this to determine the type of hardware
/// this plugin driver represents.
/// </summary>
public pluginType theType;
}
and the variables that tie the loader to said struct:
// String holding path to examine to load hardware plugins from
String hardwarePluginsPath = "";
// Generic list holding details of any hardware driver plugins found by the service.
List<pluginListItem> pluginList = new List<pluginListItem>();
The actual plugin DLL's are defined using an Interface 'IPlugininterface' and also an Enumeration to define the plugin types:
public enum pluginType
{
/// <summary>
/// Plugin is an unknown type (Default), plugins set to this will NOT be loaded
/// </summary>
unknown = -1,
/// <summary>
/// Plugin is a printer driver
/// </summary>
printer,
/// <summary>
/// Plugin is a scanner driver
/// </summary>
scanner,
/// <summary>
/// Plugin is a digital camera driver
/// </summary>
digitalCamera,
}
and
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class)]
public sealed class pluginTypeAttribute : Attribute
{
private pluginType _type;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the attribute.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="T">Value from the plugin types enumeration.</param>
public pluginTypeAttribute(pluginType T) { _type = T; }
/// <summary>
/// Publicly accessible read only property field to get the value of the type.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The plugin type assigned to the attribute.</value>
public pluginType type { get { return _type; } }
}
for the custom attribute that we search for in a plugin to know it's ours
public interface IPluginInterface
{
/// <summary>
/// Defines the name for the plugin to use.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The name.</value>
String name { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Defines the version string for the plugin to use.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The version.</value>
String version { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Defines the name of the author of the plugin.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The author.</value>
String author { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Defines the name of the root of xml packets destined
/// the plugin to recognise as it's own.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The name of the XML root.</value>
String xmlRootName { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Defines the method that is used by the host service shell to pass request data
/// in XML to the plugin for processing.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="XMLData">String containing XML data containing the request.</param>
/// <returns>String holding XML data containing the reply to the request.</returns>
String processRequest(String XMLData);
/// <summary>
/// Defines the method used at shell startup to provide any one time initialisation
/// the client will call this once, and once only passing to it a host interface pointing to itself
/// that the plug shall use when calling methods in the IPluginHost interface.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="theHost">The IPluginHost interface relating to the parent shell program.</param>
/// <returns><c>true</c> if startup was successfull, otherwise <c>false</c></returns>
Boolean startup(IPluginHost theHost);
/// <summary>
/// Called by the shell service at shutdown to allow to close any resources used.
/// </summary>
/// <returns><c>true</c> if shutdown was successfull, otherwise <c>false</c></returns>
Boolean shutdown();
}
For the actual plugin interface. This needs to be referenced both by the client app, and any plugin that uses it.
You'll see one other interface mentioned, this is the Host interface for the plugin to call back to, if you don't need to use it for 2 way comms then you can strip it out, but in case it's needed:
public interface IPluginHost
{
/// <summary>
/// Defines a method to be called by plugins of the client in order that they can
/// inform the service of any events it may need to be aware of.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xmlData">String containing XML data the shell should act on.</param>
void eventCallback(String xmlData);
}
Finally, to make a DLL that acts as a plugin, using a separate DLL project, and referencing the interfaces where needed, you can use the following:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using pluginInterfaces;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Linq;
namespace pluginSkeleton
{
/// <summary>
/// Main plugin class, the actual class name can be anything you like, but it MUST
/// inherit IPluginInterface in order that the shell accepts it as a hardware driver
/// module. The [PluginType] line is the custom attribute as defined in pluginInterfaces
/// used to define this plugins purpose to the shell app.
/// </summary>
[pluginType(pluginType.printer)]
public class thePlugin : IPluginInterface
{
private String _name = "Printer Plugin"; // Plugins name
private String _version = "V1.0"; // Plugins version
private String _author = "Shawty"; // Plugins author
private String _xmlRootName = "printer"; // Plugins XML root node
public string name { get { return _name; } }
public string version { get { return _version; } }
public string author { get { return _author; } }
public string xmlRootName { get { return _xmlRootName; } }
public string processRequest(string XMLData)
{
XDocument request = XDocument.Parse(XMLData);
// Use Linq here to pick apart the XML data and isolate anything in our root name space
// this will isolate any XML in the tags <printer>...</printer>
var myData = from data in request.Elements(this._xmlRootName)
select data;
// Dummy return, just return the data passed to us, format of this message must be passed
// back acording to Shell XML communication specification.
return request.ToString();
}
public bool startup(IPluginHost theHost)
{
bool result = true;
try
{
// Implement any startup code here
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
result = false;
}
return result;
}
public bool shutdown()
{
bool result = true;
try
{
// Implement any shutdown code here
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
result = false;
}
return result;
}
}// End class
}// End namespace
With a bit of work, you should be able to adapt all of this to do what you need, originally the project this was written was speced for dot net 3.5 and we did have it working in a windows service.
If you want to be more generic as possible, IMHO you should abstract UI layer too over pugins.
So the user actual interaction with UI exposed by Plugin (if there is any UI in it), like for Comments have to be a part of Plugin definition. The Host container has to provide a space where any plugin can push whatever he wants. The space requirement can be also a part of plugin descriptive manifest too. In this case Host, basically:
finds a plugin
loads it in memory
reads how much and what kind of space it needs
checks if specified space can be provided in this presice moment, if yes, allows plugin to fill its interface with plugins UI data.
And after or event pumping/user interaction is made by plugin itself.
This idea you can find, more or less on banners concepts in Web Development, or in mobile development, for example defining your app UI layout on Android.
Hope this helps.
I have a requirement where my UI should be shown in 5 different languages apart from English.
I have created two DLLs
Component.dll
Component.resources.dll
Component.resources.dll contains nothing but all the strings that are shown in the UI and a class
public class PResources
{
private static System.Resources.ResourceManager resourceMgr = new System.Resources.ResourceManager(typeof(PEditResources));
/// <summary>
/// Get NLS String method string method
/// </summary>
/// <param name="identifier"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetNLSString(string identifier)
{
return resourceMgr.GetString(identifier, Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the NLS Resource Mgr.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static System.Resources.ResourceManager GetNLSResourceMgr()
{
return resourceMgr;
}
}
In Component.dll to display the label text I use the following
label1.text = PResources.GetNLSString("IDS_LABEL1");
In English it works fine...
But when the language settings is changed to French or any other, the string displayed is still the English text.
Note: The Component.Resources.dll strings are translated in all languages.
When I debugged... I found that the GetNLSString function the Thread.Current.UICulture is French ... but the resourceMgr object is still pointing to the English .dll path and also the Thread.Current.Culture is English!
Is there any solution to this ? have I missed anything.
For every culture, you should create a folder (in the folder where the main program is) for every culture you want to support (id = two letter iso code + optional two letter region).
Inside this folder, you place the *.resources.dll, with only the strings/constants for the target culture.
Visual Studio does this automatically for you if you create an example.resx file (for the default culture) and an example.fr.resx file for French, inside the same project.