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how to zoom at a point in picturebox in c#?

This question is asked before but since it doesn't work and my lack of reputation point(I tried to comment at question but I couldn't) I had to ask this question again.
This is the link of the quustion asked before;
How to zoom at a point in picturebox
I used the code which is shown in the link but when I run it the point or shape disappear.
here is my code;
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private Matrix transform = new Matrix();
private double m_dZoomscale = 1.0;
public static double s_dScrollValue = .1;
}
private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
g.Transform = transform;
Pen mypen = new Pen(Color.Red,5);
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(10, 10, 30, 30);
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(mypen, rect);
}
protected override void OnMouseWheel(MouseEventArgs mea)
{
pictureBox1.Focus();
if (pictureBox1.Focused == true && mea.Delta != 0)
{
ZoomScroll(mea.Location, mea.Delta > 0);
}
}
private void ZoomScroll(Point location, bool zoomIn)
{
transform.Translate(-location.X, -location.Y);
if (zoomIn)
transform.Scale((float)s_dScrollValue, (float)s_dScrollValue);
else
transform.Scale((float)-s_dScrollValue, (float)-s_dScrollValue);
transform.Translate(location.X, location.Y);
pictureBox1.Invalidate();
}

The answer you are referencing cannot possibly work. I have no idea why it was accepted, nor up-voted. Except that at some time in the past, I apparently up-voted it as well. I don't know what I was thinking.
Anyway, that code has some problems:
It uses the mouse coordinates passed in directly, rather than converting them to the coordinate system for the PictureBox control. The coordinates passed to the OnMouseWheel() method are relative to the Form itself, so only if the PictureBox top-left coincides with the Form's upper-left corner would that work.
More problematically, the code is completely misusing the Matrix.Scale() method, passing a value that seems intended to be a delta for the scale, when in fact the Scale() method accepts a factor for the scale. This has two implications:
Passing a negative value is wrong, because negative values flip the coordinate system, rather than reducing the scale, and
Passing an increment value is wrong, because the value passed will be multiplied with the current scaling to get the new scaling.
Also problematic is that the code applies the matrix transformations in the wrong order, because the default order is "prepend", not "append" (I find the latter more natural to work with, but I assume there's some reason known to those who specialize in matrix math that explains why the default is the former).
There is also the relatively minor issue that, even ignoring the above, allowing the user to adjust the scale factor arbitrarily will eventually lead to an out-of-range value. It would be better for the code to limit the scale to something reasonable.
Here is a version of your code, modified so that it addresses all of these issues:
private Matrix transform = new Matrix();
private float m_dZoomscale = 1.0f;
public const float s_dScrollValue = 0.1f;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
g.Transform = transform;
Pen mypen = new Pen(Color.Red, 5);
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(10, 10, 30, 30);
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(mypen, rect);
}
protected override void OnMouseWheel(MouseEventArgs mea)
{
pictureBox1.Focus();
if (pictureBox1.Focused == true && mea.Delta != 0)
{
// Map the Form-centric mouse location to the PictureBox client coordinate system
Point pictureBoxPoint = pictureBox1.PointToClient(this.PointToScreen(mea.Location));
ZoomScroll(pictureBoxPoint, mea.Delta > 0);
}
}
private void ZoomScroll(Point location, bool zoomIn)
{
// Figure out what the new scale will be. Ensure the scale factor remains between
// 1% and 1000%
float newScale = Math.Min(Math.Max(m_dZoomscale + (zoomIn ? s_dScrollValue : -s_dScrollValue), 0.1f), 10);
if (newScale != m_dZoomscale)
{
float adjust = newScale / m_dZoomscale;
m_dZoomscale = newScale;
// Translate mouse point to origin
transform.Translate(-location.X, -location.Y, MatrixOrder.Append);
// Scale view
transform.Scale(adjust, adjust, MatrixOrder.Append);
// Translate origin back to original mouse point.
transform.Translate(location.X, location.Y, MatrixOrder.Append);
pictureBox1.Invalidate();
}
}
With this code, you will find that no matter where you place the mouse before adjusting the mouse wheel, the rendered image will scale while keeping the point under the mouse fixed in place.
Note:
I took a look at some of the similar questions on Stack Overflow, and there are a few that might also be useful to you. Some of the answers overcomplicate things, in my opinion, but all should work. See:
Zoom To Point Not Working As Expected
Zoom in on a fixed point using matrices
Zooming graphics without scrolling

Quickly draw pixels in WinForm in a container

I have a sizable form and the location in which a pixel is drawn moves, I have a panel which is the desired image size 400,200 - how can I change individual pixels on this panel? I also need the fastest change possible.

GDI+ does not have a method to set a single pixel, however you can set a 1x1 rectangle to achieve the same effect in your OnPaint event. It feels somewhat like a hack, however there is no standard way of doing this.
SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.White);
private void panel1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
SetPixel(brush, e.Graphics, 10, 10, Color.Red);
}
public void SetPixel(SolidBrush brush, Graphics graphics, int x, int y, Color color)
{
brush.Color = color;
graphics.FillRectangle(brush, x, y, 1, 1);
}
You could also access the bitmap directly and use it's GetPixel and SetPixel methods, however they are generally very slow if your pixels need to be updated quickly.

Persistent graphics WinForms

I've a WinForms application on wich i have to draw some lines between controls. These lines need to be persistent, so i override the form OnPaint() event.
The problem is that, the re-draw of the lines aren't very smooth.
I'm creating the graphics as follows:
Graphics g;
g = this.CreateGraphics();
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
And drawing the lines as follows:
public void lineDraw(Control L1, Control L2) {
using (Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 4)) {
pen.StartCap = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.LineCap.Flat;
pen.EndCap = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.LineCap.ArrowAnchor;
int x1, x2, y1, y2;
//choose x/y coordinates
g.DrawLine(pen, x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
Is there any property i can set to improve the smoothness of the drawn graphics?

Goal
An image is shown on a control (or form).
Invalidation
Any time the control (or form) is resized, minimalized/maximalized, partically obscured or moved around, it must be (partially) redrawn. When this happens the part of the control that must be redrawn is said to be invalidated.
When invalidated the control does something like this:
Call OnPaintBackground: this fills the invalidated region with the background color.
Call OnPaint: this draws the text and graphics on top of the background.
Why OnPaint causes flickering
You have overridden the OnPaint method of the control. Every time the control is redrawn you see a flash of the control with only its background color drawn in it. That is after OnPaintBackground has been called and before OnPaint has been called.
The solutions
If you have a static image (i.e. it never changes):
In the Load event: create a new Bitmap object.
Fill it with the background color and draw the lines and shapes on it.
Assign this Bitmap object to the control's BackgroundImage property.
If you have a static image that must resize when the control resizes:
Override the OnResize method and create the new Bitmap in there. Use the control's ClientSize property for the size of the Bitmap.
Fill it with the background color and draw the lines and shapes on it.
Assign this Bitmap object to the control's BackgroundImage property.
If you have an animated image:
In the Load event set the DoubleBuffered property of the control to true. Setting this prevents the flicker you saw as it uses an invisible buffer to draw the control.
Override the control's OnPaint method. Get the Graphics context of the control and draw the lines and shapes directly on the control.
Create and enable a new Timer object and in its callback method call the control's Invalidate method followed by the Update method (as shown here). Set the timer to fire, for example, every 40 ms.

You probably shouldn't use CreateGraphics here, and more importantly, don't use a local variable to store the graphic object. Use the graphic object obtained from the paint event and invalidate as needed.
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) {
e.Graphics.Clear(Color.White);
e.Graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
using (Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 4)) {
pen.StartCap = Drawing2D.LineCap.Flat;
pen.EndCap = Drawing2D.LineCap.ArrowAnchor;
int x1, x2, y1, y2;
//choose x/y coordinates
e.Graphics.DrawLine(pen, x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
base.OnPaint(e);
}

This's my way, its works for me
//FormMain.cs
private const float DisplayRatio = 6;
private Bitmap _bmpDisp; //use an in-memory bitmap to Persistent graphics
private Graphics _grpDisp4Ctl;
private Graphics _grpDisp4Bmp;
private Point _ptOldDsp;
private void FormMain_Shown(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
_grpDisp4Ctl = CreateGraphics();
_grpDisp4Ctl.SetHighQulity();
_bmpDisp = new Bitmap(ClientSize.Width, ClientSize.Height);
_grpDisp4Bmp = Graphics.FromImage(_bmpDisp);
_grpDisp4Bmp.SetHighQulity();
_ptOldDsp = new Point(
(int)((MousePosition.X - SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Left) / DisplayRatio),
(int)((MousePosition.Y - SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Top) / DisplayRatio)
);
}
private void UpdateDisplay(MouseHookEvent mhep) //your implement
{
var ptNew = mhep.Position;
ptNew.Offset(new Point(-SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Left, -SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Top));
ptNew.X = (int)(ptNew.X / DisplayRatio);
ptNew.Y = (int)(ptNew.Y / DisplayRatio);
_grpDisp4Ctl.DrawLine(Pens.White, _ptOldDsp, ptNew); //draw smooth lines to mem and ui
_grpDisp4Bmp.DrawLine(Pens.White, _ptOldDsp, ptNew);
_ptOldDsp = ptNew;
}
private void FormMain_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
// like vb6's auto redraw :)
e.Graphics.DrawImage(_bmpDisp, e.ClipRectangle, e.ClipRectangle, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
}
//common.cs
internal static void SetHighQulity(this Graphics g)
{
g.CompositingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.CompositingMode.SourceOver;
g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
g.PixelOffsetMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.ClearTypeGridFit;
}

I know it's an older post, but you can also try setting DoubleBuffered property of the form to TRUE, read the following:
"Buffered graphics can reduce or eliminate flicker that is caused by
progressive redrawing of parts of a displayed surface. Buffered
graphics require that the updated graphics data is first written to a
buffer. The data in the graphics buffer is then quickly written to
displayed surface memory. The relatively quick switch of the displayed
graphics memory typically reduces the flicker that can otherwise
occur."

System.Drawing.Bitmap GetBounds GraphicsUnit.Inch

Can anybody tell me how to get a rectangle back from GetBounds in any units OTHER than pixels? The following code - lifted directly off the MSDN documentation for this function - returns a rectangle that is pretty obviously in pixels rather than points (1/72 of an inch). (Unless icons come in a size of 32/72"x32/72" rather than 32x32 pixels like I think). I am most interested in working with a rectangle in inches, but I would settle for simply seeing the GetBounds pageUnit parameter cause a change in the returned rectangle.
Bitmap bitmap1 = Bitmap.FromHicon(SystemIcons.Hand.Handle);
Graphics formGraphics = this.CreateGraphics();
GraphicsUnit units = GraphicsUnit.Point;
RectangleF bmpRectangleF = bitmap1.GetBounds(ref units);
Rectangle bmpRectangle = Rectangle.Round(bmpRectangleF);
formGraphics.DrawRectangle(Pens.Blue, bmpRectangle);
formGraphics.Dispose();

The Information is a little sparse on this, I was able to find this MSDN Forum posting that suggests since the Bitmap is already created the units have already been set and are not changable. Since the GraphicsUnit is being passed by a reference, it you look at it after the call you will find it set back to Pixel from Inch. If you actually want to change the size that the rectangle is drawn at set the Graphics.PageUnit Property on formGraphics to the GraphicsUnit you want to draw the Rectangle at.
From above Link:
In this sample, the parameters of Image.GetBounds method don’t change the result, because the bound of Bitmap has been decided. The parameters only determine the unit length to deal with the range, inch by inch or point by point. But the parameters will not influence the result.
emphasis mine

A bit late answering this one, but I thought I would do so because I found it in Google when trying to answer the question "how many mm can I fit in my picture box?", it would have saved me a lot of time not having to work out how to do it!. GetBounds is useless (if you wanted it in pixels...) but it is possible to find the relation between drawing units and display pixels using the Graphics.TransformPoints method:
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Bitmap b;
Graphics g;
Size s = pictureBox1.Size;
b = new Bitmap(s.Width, s.Height);
g = Graphics.FromImage(b);
PointF[] points = new PointF[2];
g.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Millimeter;
g.PageScale = 1.0f;
g.ScaleTransform(1.0f, 1.0f);
points[0] = new PointF(0, 0);
points[1] = new PointF(1, 1);
g.TransformPoints(CoordinateSpace.Device, CoordinateSpace.Page, points);
MessageBox.Show(String.Format("1 page unit in {0} is {1} pixels",g.PageUnit.ToString(),points[1].X));
points[0] = new PointF(0, 0);
points[1] = new PointF(1, 1);
g.TransformPoints(CoordinateSpace.Page, CoordinateSpace.World, points);
MessageBox.Show(String.Format("1 page unit in {0} is {1} pixels",g.PageUnit.ToString(),points[1].X));
g.ResetTransform();
pictureBox1.Image = b;
SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(120, Color.Azure));
Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(10, 10, 50, 50);
// Fill in the rectangle with a semi-transparent color.
g.FillRectangle(brush, rectangle);
pictureBox1.Invalidate();
}
This will display the basic mm to display pixels (3.779527 in my case) - the world coordinates are 1 mm per pixel, this would change if you applied graphics.ScaleTransform.
Edit: Of course, it helps if you assign the bitmap to the pictureBox image property (and keep the Graphics object to allow changes as required).

Add label
In class Form1 Add field
PointF[] cooridates;
Form1.cs [design] look for lighting bolt in properties double click Paint create handler
Form1_Paint(object sender,PaintEventArgs)
{
e.Graphics.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Inch;
if (cooridates != null)
e.Graphics.TransformPoints(CoorinateSpace.World,
CoorinateSpace.Device,cooridates);
}
Create handler again for Form1.MouseMove
Form1_MouseMove(object sender,MouseEventArgs e
{
cooridates[0].X = e.Location.X;
cooridates[0].Y = e.Location.Y;
this.Refresh();
label1.Text = $"X = {cooridates[0].X} Y = {
{ cooridates[0].Y } ";
}
Form1_Load(object sender,MouseEventArgs)
{
cooridates = new PointF[1] { new PointF(0f,0f) };
}
Move mouse to get cooridates in Inches

Drawing in Winforms

I have written this code, however, it doesn't work. Not only will this not work, but none of the methods I have tried for drawing have worked. I've spent more than an hour or two trying to solve this, but to no success. Ive tried simple programs where all it does is display a small line, but it wont work no matter what i do :c
What am I doing wrong, or what could cause this?
private void pictureBox1_MouseDown(object sender,
MouseEventArgs m,
EventArgs e,
PaintEventArgs q)
{
if (m.Button == System.Windows.Forms.MouseButtons.Left)
{
Point currpoint = System.Windows.Forms.Cursor.Position;
Point origin = new Point(0, 0);
decimal sizee = nud.Value;
int size = Convert.ToInt32(sizee);
Random randonGen = new Random();
Color randomColor = Color.FromArgb(randonGen.Next(255),
randonGen.Next(255),
randonGen.Next(255));
Pen selPen = new Pen(randomColor, size);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(pictureBox1.Image);
g.DrawLine(selPen, 3, 3, 133, 133);
}
}

Try adding a
pictureBox1.Invalidate();
call.

This is not the right way to draw to a picture box:
private void pictureBox1_MouseDown(object sender,
MouseEventArgs m,
EventArgs e,
PaintEventArgs q)
{
if (m.Button == System.Windows.Forms.MouseButtons.Left)
{
Point currpoint = System.Windows.Forms.Cursor.Position;
Point origin = new Point(0, 0);
decimal sizee = nud.Value;
int size = Convert.ToInt32(sizee);
Random randonGen = new Random();
Color randomColor = Color.FromArgb(randonGen.Next(255),
randonGen.Next(255),
randonGen.Next(255));
Pen selPen = new Pen(randomColor, size);
using(Graphics g = pictureBox1.CreateGraphics()) // Use the CreateGraphics method to create a graphic and draw on the picture box. Use using in order to free the graphics resources.
{
g.DrawLine(selPen, 3, 3, 133, 133);
}
}
}
Btw, this method will create a temporary image which is reseted when the control is invalidated. For a more persistent drawing, you need to listen to the Paint event of the picture box and draw your graphics there.

You must draw it from image first. then attach it to pictureBox1
Bitmap canvas = new Bitmap(pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(canvas);
Point currpoint = System.Windows.Forms.Cursor.Position;
Point origin = new Point(0, 0);
decimal sizee = nud.Value;
int size = Convert.ToInt32(sizee);
Random randonGen = new Random();
Color randomColor = Color.FromArgb(randonGen.Next(255),
randonGen.Next(255),
randonGen.Next(255));
Pen selPen = new Pen(randomColor, size);
g.DrawLine(selPen, 3, 3, 133, 133);
pictureBox1.image = canvas;

This is an old question and if anyone else has a similar problem. See below. First let's examine the Ops code.
(1) See code: The first recommended change is to keep the Pen's format simple until we have a better understanding about how the Pen actually works when drawing to graphics. Look at the Op's line where we create graphics from image which is a perfectly good example of how to directly draw ("which means to write") to the supplied bitmap by use of the bitmap's graphics context. Next, the Op provides an excellent example of the Graphics DrawLine method which can draw the defined line to the supplied bitmap.
(2) Due to missing details we have to make the following assumptions about the Op's supplied bitmap and about their method for drawing a line to the bitmap. Assuming there already exists an image inside this pictureBox1; if an image is not set the graphics we get from image will be from a null image or that each pixel will be black just as a footnote:
(a) Is the Pen's color unique to the existing bitmap and is the alpha component of the color high enough to actually see the resultant color when it's drawn (when in doubt use a unique solid color or at least set the alpha channel to 255)?
(b) This line the Op wants to draw is starting Left 3, Top 3 to Left 133 and that is 3-pixels to the right of bitmap's left side where this line has a height of 133 and as such the Pen's line size was changed to a width = 3 for demonstration purposes.
(c) The final consideration, is the pictureBox1.Size sufficient for us to see this drawn line? The line's geometry forms a rectangle similar to this RectangleF(3, 3, 3, 133) structure, so if the pictureBox1 Bounds rectangle intersects with the derived line's rectangle then the area of that intersection is where the line could be drawn and considered visible.
Before we can draw to the pictureBox1 image from graphics we must first convert the pictureBox1 image data back to a usable image type like a bitmap for example. The reason is the picture box stores only pixel data in array format and is not directly usable by GDI/GDI+ without conversion to an image type ie. bitamp, jpeg, png etc..
One can avoid this messy conversion if you handle you own painting by the way of a custom user control and by properly handling the PaintEventArgs OnPaint implementation and/or by using related graphics screen buffer context scenarios.
For those who just want the answer about what's missing:
private void button1_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Pen selPen = new Pen(Color.Red, 2); // The Op uses random color which is not good idea for testing so we'll choose a solid color not on the existing bitmap and we'll confine our Pen's line size to 2 until we know what we're doing.
// Unfortionately the picture box "image" once loaded is not directly usable afterwords.
// We need tp recreate the pictureBox1 image to a usable form, being the "newBmp", and for efficiency the bitmap type is chosen
Bitmap newBmp = new Bitmap(pictureBox1.Width, pictureBox1.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); // Tip: Using System.Drawing.Imaging for pixel format which uses same pixel format as screen for speed
// We create the graphics from our new and empty bitmap container
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(newBmp);
// Next we draw the pictureBox1 data array to our equivelent sized bitmap container
g.DrawImage(pictureBox1.Image, 0, 0);
g.DrawLine(selPen, 3, 3, 3, 133); // Format: (pen, x1, y1, x2, y2)
pictureBox1.Image = newBmp;
// Don't forget to dispose of no longer needed resources
g.Dispose();
selPen.Dispose();
newBmp.Dispose(); // or save newBmp to file before dispose ie. newBmp.Save("yourfilepath", ImageFormat.Jpeg) or in whatever image type you disire;
}
The Op's code so far only draws a line to the bitmap's surface next if we are to "see" this change we must either save bitmap to file to be viewed later in an image viewer or we must draw the updated bitmap to our display monitor, the screen.
There are several methods with which to draw to your monitor's screen. The most common graphics contexts one could use are Control.CreateGraghics, graphics to screen method from (PaintEventArgs) and/or by using a graphics screen buffer sometimes called and used as a manual double buffered graphics context in which all is implemented by the way of DrawImage method from graphics.
The simplest solution, in this case based upon the Op's own code, is to display this newly updated bitmap using the pictureBox1 control. We'll simply update the control's image with the newly updated bitmap of course once first converted to a usage graphics image as seen in the above code descriptions.
Happy coding!