C# Extension method instead of iteration - c#

I was wondering, if there is an extension method that allow me to iterate a List and let me do the same thing with every item in the list. For example:
.RemoveAll(x => x.property == somevalue)
This removes every element wichs fulfill the condition. But, what if I have this:
foreach(object item in lstObjects)
{
object MyObject = new object();
MyObject.propertyone = item.property
MyObject.propertytwo = somevalue;
anotherlist.Add(MyObject);
}
Of course, the real code is a little more complex than this. My objective is to, instead of a foreach use an extension method, I have found List<T>.ForEach() but I can't get it to work, and this method does not exist in a var list. I found too .Select<>, .Where<> but this returns values, and in my method there is no need to return any value.

var convertedItems = lstObjects.Select(item =>
{
object MyObject = new object();
MyObject.propertyone = item.property
MyObject.propertytwo = somevalue;
return MyObject;
});
anotherList.AddRange(convertedItems);
or
anotherList = convertedItems.ToList();
and if you want to make it shorter:
var convertedItems = lstObjects.Select(item =>
new object {propertyone = item.property, propertytwo = somevalue});

I'm not sure I see why you want an extension method here. List<T>.ForEach() will do mostly what you like but your existing foreach loop is both idiomatic and readable. Is there a reason that you can't just write a normal function to do this?
public void DoMyThing(IList<object> objects) {
foreach (var obj in objects) {
someOtherList.Add(new MyObj() {
item1 = obj
});
}
}
In general if you find that you need to mutate items and not return values you don't want to use LINQ or query operators. Just use a foreach.
Edit: The answers suggesting Select() would work for this simple code, however you state
the real code is a little more complex than this
Which suggests to me that you may have to mutate some other state during iteration. The Select method will defer this mutation until the sequence is materialized; this will probably give you strange results unless you're familiar with how LINQ queries defer execution and capture outer variables.

It's trivial to write your own ForEach extension. I include the following in all of my code:
public static void ForEach<T>(this IEnumerable<T> collection, Action<T> action )
{
foreach (T item in collection)
{
action(item);
}
}

You can accomplish this via a Select statement:
var newList = lstObjects.Select(o =>
new { propertyone = o.property,
propertytwo = somevalue }).ToList();

Here is how you use ForEach with a lambda expression:
lstObjects.ForEach(item =>
{
MyObject obj = new MyObject();
obj.propertyone = item.property;
obj.propertytwo = somevalue;
anotherlist.Add(obj);
});
However as you can see it looks remarkably similar to what you already have!
Alternatively it looks to me like Select might be a better match for what you want to do:
anotherList.AddRange(lstObjects.Select(item => new MyObject()
{
propertyone = item.property,
obj.propertytwo = somevalue,
}));

List<MyObjectType> list = new List<MyObjectType>();
list.ForEach((MyObjectType item) => {
object MyObject = new object()
{
MyObject.propertyone = item.property,
MyObject.propertytwo = somevalue
};
anotherlist.Add(MyObject);
});

If you want to perform an action as part of an iteration, you might want to consider the .Do method which is part of the Interactive Extensions. See http://www.thinqlinq.com/Post.aspx/Title/Ix-Interactive-Extensions-return.

You can easily create an extension method to do this:
public IEnumerable<T> RemoveAll(this List<T> list, Func<bool, T> condition)
{
var itemsToRemove = list.Where(s => condition(s));
list.RemoveAll(itemsToRemove);
}
and you could then call it like this:
myList.RemoveAll(x => x.Property == someValue);
Edit: Here is another method for doing the same.

As far as 'built-in' goes there is no .ForEach(); however I think .Aggregate() would be the most appropriate option here (if you absolutely and utterly want a built-in function).
lstObjects.Aggregate(anotherList, (targetList, value) =>
{
object MyObject = new object();
MyObject.propertyone = item.property
MyObject.propertytwo = somevalue;
targetList.Add(MyObject);
return targetList;
});
You can obviously just write your own extension methods:
public static IEnumerable<T> Intercept<T>(this IEnumerable<T> values, Action<T> each)
{
foreach (var item in values)
{
each(item);
yield return item;
}
}
public static IEnumerable<T> Intercept<T>(this IEnumerable<T> values, Action<T, int> each)
{
var index = 0;
foreach (var item in values)
{
each(item, index++);
yield return item;
}
}
// ...
a.Intercept(x => { Console.WriteLine(x); }).Count();
NB: The reason I don't create a ForEach like everyone else, is because Microsoft didn't include it because, by design Linq methods always return a value, or list of values.
Specifically to your question, .Select<T> will do the trick.
anotherList.AddRange(lstObjects.Select(x => new MyObject()
{
propertyone = x.property,
propertytwo = somevalue
}));

Related

Combine data gathered from different sources into one IEnumerable object

I have this method below that gathers data from different sources and returns it as one IEnumerable.
I'm having trouble though, figuring out how to combine all the sources into one object of type TotalRoomContents.
TotalRoomContents is of type IEnumerable<String>.
Here is the unfinished method:
public static TotalRoomContents GetRoomContents(this Dungeon dungeon)
{
var customArmor = dungeon.Rooms
.Select(pe => pe.Room)
.Where(e => e.Monster.IsActive);
// check each customArmor object to see if it exists in the MapLookupByRoomId dictionary
if (customArmor != null && MapLookupByRoomId.ContainsKey(customArmor.Id))
// add all item(s) of type customArmor to TotalRoomContents()
if(dungeon.RoomType?.InventoryContent != null)
{
// add item(s) from dungeon.RoomType?.InventoryContent to TotalRoomContents()
}
return new TotalRoomContents()
}
As you can see, I don't know how to add the item(s) to the TotalRoomContents object.
The items will be from dungeon.RoomType?.InventoryContent and all the customArmor objects found in the linq query.
Is there a way to do this in one method or do I need to create some type of other method to do this?
Thanks!
You could create a wrapper class that would take care of this. A possible implementation could look like this
public class AggregateEnumerable<T> : IEnumerable<T> {
private readonly IEnumerable<T>[] _sources;
public AggregateEnumerable( params IEnumerable<T>[] sources ) {
_sources = sources;
}
public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() {
foreach( var source in _sources ) {
var enumerator = source.GetEnumerator();
while( enumerator.MoveNext() )
yield return enumerator.Current;
}
}
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() {
return GetEnumerator();
}
}
And then you would use it like
var firstEnumerable = new[] { "Peter", "John" };
var secondEnumerable = new[] { "Thomas", "George" };
var myEnum = new AggregateEnumerable<string>(firstEnumerable, secondEnumerable);
foreach( var value in myEnum )
Console.WriteLine(value);
Why don't you create a list of "RoomContent" (that represents whatever a room can contain), and start adding all the different results from your other queries?
List<RoomContent> TotalRoomContents = new List<RoomContent>();
if (/* Whatever condition needs to be met */)
{
TotalRoomContents.Add(/* Whatever you may want */);
}
Also, you should know that Linq queries are not executed until the code needs to enumerate it, so, basically you can build a query in steps:
// This is just to simulate the data source
IQueryable<RoomContent> query = allPossibleRoomContents.AsQueryable();
query = query.Where(x => x.ContentDescription = "Sword");
query = query.Where(x => x.ContentDescription = "Axe");
// This is where the actual work is done
return query.ToList();
Hope this helps!

C# foreach on a collection of an interface

I'm wondering if there is any functionality built in to C#/LINQ to simplify the following:
foreach(var item in collection)
{
if (item.GetType() == typeof(Type1)
DoType1(item as Type1);
else if (item.GetType() == typeof(Type2))
DoType2(item as Type2);
...
}
to something along the lines of:
collection.ForEachType(Type1 item => DoType1(item), Type2 item => DoType2(item));
I realize that the following is close:
collection.OfType<Type1>.ToList().Foreach(item => DoType1(item));
collection.OfType<Type2>.ToList().Foreach(item => DoType2(item));
But it does not work when the code is dependent on the order of the collection.
The first thing I'd look at is polymorphism; can I instead use a virtual method, and item.DoSomething()?
The next thing I'd look at would be an enum discriminator, i.e.
switch(item.ItemType) {
case ItemType.Foo: ...
case ItemType.Bar: ...
}
(and add the discriminator to the common interface/base-class)
If the types could be anything, then 4.0 has a trick; if you call te method the same thing for every overload, you can get dynamic to worry about picking it:
dynamic x = item;
DoSomething(x);
There's nothing built into LINQ, no. I would caution you against using GetType() like this though - usually it's more appropriate to use is or as followed by a null check:
foreach(var item in collection)
{
Type1 itemType1 = item as Type1;
if (itemType1 != null)
{
DoType1(itemType1);
continue;
}
Type2 itemType2 = item as Type1;
if (itemType2 != null)
{
DoType2(itemType1);
continue;
}
// etc
}
That way derived classes will be treated in a way which is usually the appropriate one.
This sort of type testing is generally frowned upon, mind you - it's generally better to put the behaviour into the type itself as a virtual method, and call it polymorphically.
What about something like:
var typeActions = new Dictionary<Type,Action<Object>>();
typeActions.Add(typeof(Type1), obj => DoType1((Type1)obj));
typeActions.Add(typeof(Type2), obj => DoType2((Type2)obj));
collection.Foreach(obj => typeActions[obj.GetType()](obj));
This code is untested (typed directly into the browser).
Your mileage may vary.
Dictionary<Type, Action<object>> typeMap = new Dictionary<Type, Action<object>>();
typeMap[typeof(Type1)] = item => DoType1(item as Type1);
typeMap[typeof(Type2)] = item => DoType2(item as Type2);
var typeToActionQuery =
from item in source
let type = item.GetType()
where typeMap.ContainsKey(type)
select new
{
input = item;
method = typeMap[type]
};
foreach(var x in typeToActionQuery)
{
x.method(x.input);
}
Here's a version of the matching query which considers derived types (Note, an item may be matched to more than 1 type, and therefore handled multiple times).
var typeToActionQuery =
from item in source
from kvp in typeMap
where kvp.Key.IsInstanceOfType(item)
select new
{
input = item;
method = kvp.Value
};
It seems to me that if you just replace "item.GetType() == typeof( Type1 )" with "item is Type1", your foreach loop will be simple enough.
Not by default. Try Reactive Extensions or Elevate
The Reactive Extensions and Elevate both contain a ForEach implementation. Both have quite a few methods that extend the functionality of linq.
You won't find a ForEachType, but ForEach (Rx or Elevate) and OfType<> (Linq) will give you what you want.

how call method without return-type in linq?

i like to call a method without return-type in linq or in extension methods in linq?
Here my class i have situation line this
Class A
{
int i;
public int K
{
get { return i; }
set { i = value; }
}
public void calculate(int z)
{
this.k=z;
}
}
i like to do like this
List<A> sam = new List<A>();
//add elements to this list
var c = sam.Select( s => s.calculate(4) );
this sample only , i like to do like this for my purpose.
You should use List<T>.ForEach here.
sam.ForEach(s => s.calculate(somenumber));
I think you use .Select in your question because you want to get the results(all the instances of A after calling calculate). You can get them directly by the variable sam. ForEach modifies each elements of sam, and the "changes" are applied to the list itself.
If you mean that you want to iterate a sequence (IEnumerable) and invoke code for it, you can inplement an extension method with an action, that is invoked for each item in the sequence, e.g.:
public static void ForEach<T>(this System.Collection.Generic.IEnumerable<T> list, System.Action<T> action)
{
foreach (T item in list)
action(item);
}
This makes sense if you want to invoke small logic (one line) without implementing a foreach() block:
public class MyClass
{
public void DoSomethingInOneLine()
{
// do something
}
}
public static void Test(System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<MyClass> list)
{
list.ForEach(item => item.DoSomethingInOneLine());
}
If you don't need the result, you can fill the result with a random value (e.g. false).
var c = sam.Select( s => {s.calculate(4); return false;} );
I recently ran into this issue. I sometimes find I prefer the declerative syntax of LINQ...
this was my call
// wont compile:
from ticket in actualTickets
group ticket by ticket.ID into ticketGroup
select AddToBasket( exhibition, ticketGroup.First(), ticketGroup.Count() );
I couldn't think of a good reason to make AddToBasket() return anything, so I refactored as follows:
var pendingOpperations = from ticket in actualTickets
group ticket by ticket.ID into ticketGroup
select new Action( () => AddToBasket( exhibition, ticketGroup.First(), ticketGroup.Count() ) );
foreach ( var action in pendingOpperations ) action.Invoke();
Using this often:
Generic approach:
from item in sequence
// wrapping statements with lambda
let #void = new Func<bool>(() => {
// whatever you like..
return true;
})()
select item
If you want to do property assignment (bonus: example how to work with HTTP client :-):
..
// inside fluent LINQ query
let client = new HttpClient()
// initialise property and discard result
let #discard = client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Basic", Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("user:pass")))
// now work with initialised client according to your logic..
select client.GetAsync("url").Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result
I had the same requirement recently, call the action reactively and I write a Do() stream processing function for 1) wrapping the action into a functor with a return value and 2) selecting on the stream.
public static IEnumerable<TSource> Do<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
Action<TSource> action) {
TSource doSelector(TSource src) {
action.Invoke(src);
return src;
}
return source
.Select(it => doSelector(it));
}
Please note that this utility function still has to convert the stream into List() to literally call the action for each stream item.
var numbers = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
var sum = 0;
numbers
.Do(it => { sum += it; })
.ToList();

split a list using linq

I've the following code:
var e = someList.GetEnumerator();
var a = new List<Foo>();
var b = new List<Foo>();
while(e.MoveNext()) {
if(CheckCondition(e.Current)) {
b.Add(e.Current);
break;
}
a.Add(e.Current);
}
while(e.MoveNext())
b.Add(e.Current)
This looks ugly. Basically, iterate through a list and add elements to one list until some condition kicks in, and add the rest to another list.
Is there a better way e.g. using linq ? CheckCondition() is expensive, and the lists can be huge so I'd prefer to not do anything that iterates the lists twice.
Here's a solution that's going to enumerate the list twice, but it won't check the condition the second time, so it should be faster:
var a = someList.TakeWhile(x => !CheckCondition(x)).ToList();
var b = someList.Skip(a.Count).ToList();
If someList implements IList<T>, each item will actually be enumerated only once, so there won't be any penalty.
I thought Skip was optimized for the case of IList<T>, but apparently it's not... However you could easily implement your own Skip method that uses this optimization (see Jon Skeet's article about this)
It would actually be more elegant if there was a TakeUntil method... we can easily create it:
public static IEnumerable<TSource> TakeUntil<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate)
{
foreach(var item in source)
{
if (predicate(item))
break;
yield return item;
}
}
With this method, the code becomes:
var a = someList.TakeUntil(CheckCondition).ToList();
var b = someList.Skip(a.Count).ToList();
I didn't want to change Ani's answer, but here's a slight simplification.
var listToBeAdded = a;
foreach (var item in someList)
{
if (listToBeAdded == a && CheckCondition(item))
listToBeAdded = b;
listToBeAdded.Add(item);
}
Personally, I don't think there's any need for LINQ here.
I would do something like:
bool conditionHit = false;
foreach (var item in someList)
{
if (!conditionHit)
conditionHit = CheckCondition(item);
var listToBeAdded = conditionHit ? b : a;
listToBeAdded.Add(item);
}
If someList is a concrete List<T> then this will only need a single pass through each element:
var a = someList.TakeWhile(x => !CheckCondition(x)).ToList();
var b = someList.GetRange(a.Count, someList.Count - a.Count);
This will end up going over the items in the first list more than once, but only calls through CheckCondition the first time:
var a = someList.TakeWhile(e => !CheckCondition(e));
var b = someList.Skip(a.Count());
Try this (not re-using Linq's built-in methods(known for rewinding the iterators)), just reusing the OP's logic (which I believe is performant, it doesn't re-evaluate condition on next half of list) and packing it in a neat extension method and Tuple:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Craft
{
class Act
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var a = new List<string>
{ "I", "Love", "You", "More", "Today", "Than", "Yesterday" };
var tx = a.SplitByCondition(s => s == "More");
foreach (var s in tx.Item1)
Console.WriteLine("First Half : {0}", s);
foreach (var s in tx.Item2)
Console.WriteLine("Second Half : {0}", s);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}//Act
public static class Helper
{
public static Tuple<List<T>, List<T>> SplitByCondition<T>
(this IEnumerable<T> t, Func<T, bool> terminator)
{
var tx = new Tuple<List<T>, List<T>>
(new List<T>(), new List<T>());
var iter = t.GetEnumerator();
while (iter.MoveNext())
{
if (terminator(iter.Current))
{
tx.Item2.Add(iter.Current);
break;
}
tx.Item1.Add(iter.Current);
}
while (iter.MoveNext())
tx.Item2.Add(iter.Current);
return tx;
}
}//Helper
}//Craft
Output:
First Half : I
First Half : Love
First Half : You
Second Half : More
Second Half : Today
Second Half : Than
Second Half : Yesterday

How do you get the index of the current iteration of a foreach loop?

Is there some rare language construct I haven't encountered (like the few I've learned recently, some on Stack Overflow) in C# to get a value representing the current iteration of a foreach loop?
For instance, I currently do something like this depending on the circumstances:
int i = 0;
foreach (Object o in collection)
{
// ...
i++;
}
Ian Mercer posted a similar solution as this on Phil Haack's blog:
foreach (var item in Model.Select((value, i) => new { i, value }))
{
var value = item.value;
var index = item.i;
}
This gets you the item (item.value) and its index (item.i) by using this overload of LINQ's Select:
the second parameter of the function [inside Select] represents the index of the source element.
The new { i, value } is creating a new anonymous object.
Heap allocations can be avoided by using ValueTuple if you're using C# 7.0 or later:
foreach (var item in Model.Select((value, i) => ( value, i )))
{
var value = item.value;
var index = item.i;
}
You can also eliminate the item. by using automatic destructuring:
foreach (var (value, i) in Model.Select((value, i) => ( value, i )))
{
// Access `value` and `i` directly here.
}
The foreach is for iterating over collections that implement IEnumerable. It does this by calling GetEnumerator on the collection, which will return an Enumerator.
This Enumerator has a method and a property:
MoveNext()
Current
Current returns the object that Enumerator is currently on, MoveNext updates Current to the next object.
The concept of an index is foreign to the concept of enumeration, and cannot be done.
Because of that, most collections are able to be traversed using an indexer and the for loop construct.
I greatly prefer using a for loop in this situation compared to tracking the index with a local variable.
Finally C#7 has a decent syntax for getting an index inside of a foreach loop (i. e. tuples):
foreach (var (item, index) in collection.WithIndex())
{
Debug.WriteLine($"{index}: {item}");
}
A little extension method would be needed:
using System.Collections.Generic;
public static class EnumExtension {
public static IEnumerable<(T item, int index)> WithIndex<T>(this IEnumerable<T> self)
=> self.Select((item, index) => (item, index));
}
Could do something like this:
public static class ForEachExtensions
{
public static void ForEachWithIndex<T>(this IEnumerable<T> enumerable, Action<T, int> handler)
{
int idx = 0;
foreach (T item in enumerable)
handler(item, idx++);
}
}
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
string[] values = new[] { "foo", "bar", "baz" };
values.ForEachWithIndex((item, idx) => Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", idx, item));
}
}
I disagree with comments that a for loop is a better choice in most cases.
foreach is a useful construct, and not replaceble by a for loop in all circumstances.
For example, if you have a DataReader and loop through all records using a foreach it automatically calls the Dispose method and closes the reader (which can then close the connection automatically). This is therefore safer as it prevents connection leaks even if you forget to close the reader.
(Sure it is good practise to always close readers but the compiler is not going to catch it if you don't - you can't guarantee you have closed all readers but you can make it more likely you won't leak connections by getting in the habit of using foreach.)
There may be other examples of the implicit call of the Dispose method being useful.
Literal Answer -- warning, performance may not be as good as just using an int to track the index. At least it is better than using IndexOf.
You just need to use the indexing overload of Select to wrap each item in the collection with an anonymous object that knows the index. This can be done against anything that implements IEnumerable.
System.Collections.IEnumerable collection = Enumerable.Range(100, 10);
foreach (var o in collection.OfType<object>().Select((x, i) => new {x, i}))
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", o.i, o.x);
}
Using LINQ, C# 7, and the System.ValueTuple NuGet package, you can do this:
foreach (var (value, index) in collection.Select((v, i)=>(v, i))) {
Console.WriteLine(value + " is at index " + index);
}
You can use the regular foreach construct and be able to access the value and index directly, not as a member of an object, and keeps both fields only in the scope of the loop. For these reasons, I believe this is the best solution if you are able to use C# 7 and System.ValueTuple.
There's nothing wrong with using a counter variable. In fact, whether you use for, foreach while or do, a counter variable must somewhere be declared and incremented.
So use this idiom if you're not sure if you have a suitably-indexed collection:
var i = 0;
foreach (var e in collection) {
// Do stuff with 'e' and 'i'
i++;
}
Else use this one if you know that your indexable collection is O(1) for index access (which it will be for Array and probably for List<T> (the documentation doesn't say), but not necessarily for other types (such as LinkedList)):
// Hope the JIT compiler optimises read of the 'Count' property!
for (var i = 0; i < collection.Count; i++) {
var e = collection[i];
// Do stuff with 'e' and 'i'
}
It should never be necessary to 'manually' operate the IEnumerator by invoking MoveNext() and interrogating Current - foreach is saving you that particular bother ... if you need to skip items, just use a continue in the body of the loop.
And just for completeness, depending on what you were doing with your index (the above constructs offer plenty of flexibility), you might use Parallel LINQ:
// First, filter 'e' based on 'i',
// then apply an action to remaining 'e'
collection
.AsParallel()
.Where((e,i) => /* filter with e,i */)
.ForAll(e => { /* use e, but don't modify it */ });
// Using 'e' and 'i', produce a new collection,
// where each element incorporates 'i'
collection
.AsParallel()
.Select((e, i) => new MyWrapper(e, i));
We use AsParallel() above, because it's 2014 already, and we want to make good use of those multiple cores to speed things up. Further, for 'sequential' LINQ, you only get a ForEach() extension method on List<T> and Array ... and it's not clear that using it is any better than doing a simple foreach, since you are still running single-threaded for uglier syntax.
Using #FlySwat's answer, I came up with this solution:
//var list = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }; // Your sample collection
var listEnumerator = list.GetEnumerator(); // Get enumerator
for (var i = 0; listEnumerator.MoveNext() == true; i++)
{
int currentItem = listEnumerator.Current; // Get current item.
//Console.WriteLine("At index {0}, item is {1}", i, currentItem); // Do as you wish with i and currentItem
}
You get the enumerator using GetEnumerator and then you loop using a for loop. However, the trick is to make the loop's condition listEnumerator.MoveNext() == true.
Since the MoveNext method of an enumerator returns true if there is a next element and it can be accessed, making that the loop condition makes the loop stop when we run out of elements to iterate over.
Just add your own index. Keep it simple.
int i = -1;
foreach (var item in Collection)
{
++i;
item.index = i;
}
You could wrap the original enumerator with another that does contain the index information.
foreach (var item in ForEachHelper.WithIndex(collection))
{
Console.Write("Index=" + item.Index);
Console.Write(";Value= " + item.Value);
Console.Write(";IsLast=" + item.IsLast);
Console.WriteLine();
}
Here is the code for the ForEachHelper class.
public static class ForEachHelper
{
public sealed class Item<T>
{
public int Index { get; set; }
public T Value { get; set; }
public bool IsLast { get; set; }
}
public static IEnumerable<Item<T>> WithIndex<T>(IEnumerable<T> enumerable)
{
Item<T> item = null;
foreach (T value in enumerable)
{
Item<T> next = new Item<T>();
next.Index = 0;
next.Value = value;
next.IsLast = false;
if (item != null)
{
next.Index = item.Index + 1;
yield return item;
}
item = next;
}
if (item != null)
{
item.IsLast = true;
yield return item;
}
}
}
Why foreach ?!
The simplest way is using for instead of foreach if you are using List:
for (int i = 0 ; i < myList.Count ; i++)
{
// Do something...
}
Or if you want use foreach:
foreach (string m in myList)
{
// Do something...
}
You can use this to know the index of each loop:
myList.indexOf(m)
Here's a solution I just came up with for this problem
Original code:
int index=0;
foreach (var item in enumerable)
{
blah(item, index); // some code that depends on the index
index++;
}
Updated code
enumerable.ForEach((item, index) => blah(item, index));
Extension Method:
public static IEnumerable<T> ForEach<T>(this IEnumerable<T> enumerable, Action<T, int> action)
{
var unit = new Unit(); // unit is a new type from the reactive framework (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/devlabs/ee794896.aspx) to represent a void, since in C# you can't return a void
enumerable.Select((item, i) =>
{
action(item, i);
return unit;
}).ToList();
return pSource;
}
C# 7 finally gives us an elegant way to do this:
static class Extensions
{
public static IEnumerable<(int, T)> Enumerate<T>(
this IEnumerable<T> input,
int start = 0
)
{
int i = start;
foreach (var t in input)
{
yield return (i++, t);
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var s = new string[]
{
"Alpha",
"Bravo",
"Charlie",
"Delta"
};
foreach (var (i, t) in s.Enumerate())
{
Console.WriteLine($"{i}: {t}");
}
}
}
This answer: lobby the C# language team for direct language support.
The leading answer states:
Obviously, the concept of an index is foreign to the concept of
enumeration, and cannot be done.
While this is true of the current C# language version (2020), this is not a conceptual CLR/Language limit, it can be done.
The Microsoft C# language development team could create a new C# language feature, by adding support for a new Interface IIndexedEnumerable
foreach (var item in collection with var index)
{
Console.WriteLine("Iteration {0} has value {1}", index, item);
}
//or, building on #user1414213562's answer
foreach (var (item, index) in collection)
{
Console.WriteLine("Iteration {0} has value {1}", index, item);
}
If foreach () is used and with var index is present, then the compiler expects the item collection to declare IIndexedEnumerable interface. If the interface is absent, the compiler can polyfill wrap the source with an IndexedEnumerable object, which adds in the code for tracking the index.
interface IIndexedEnumerable<T> : IEnumerable<T>
{
//Not index, because sometimes source IEnumerables are transient
public long IterationNumber { get; }
}
Later, the CLR can be updated to have internal index tracking, that is only used if with keyword is specified and the source doesn't directly implement IIndexedEnumerable
Why:
Foreach looks nicer, and in business applications, foreach loops are rarely a performance bottleneck
Foreach can be more efficient on memory. Having a pipeline of functions instead of converting to new collections at each step. Who cares if it uses a few more CPU cycles when there are fewer CPU cache faults and fewer garbage collections?
Requiring the coder to add index-tracking code, spoils the beauty
It's quite easy to implement (please Microsoft) and is backward compatible
While most people here are not Microsoft employees, this is a correct answer, you can lobby Microsoft to add such a feature. You could already build your own iterator with an extension function and use tuples, but Microsoft could sprinkle the syntactic sugar to avoid the extension function
It's only going to work for a List and not any IEnumerable, but in LINQ there's this:
IList<Object> collection = new List<Object> {
new Object(),
new Object(),
new Object(),
};
foreach (Object o in collection)
{
Console.WriteLine(collection.IndexOf(o));
}
Console.ReadLine();
#Jonathan I didn't say it was a great answer, I just said it was just showing it was possible to do what he asked :)
#Graphain I wouldn't expect it to be fast - I'm not entirely sure how it works, it could reiterate through the entire list each time to find a matching object, which would be a helluvalot of compares.
That said, List might keep an index of each object along with the count.
Jonathan seems to have a better idea, if he would elaborate?
It would be better to just keep a count of where you're up to in the foreach though, simpler, and more adaptable.
This is how I do it, which is nice for its simplicity/brevity, but if you're doing a lot in the loop body obj.Value, it is going to get old pretty fast.
foreach(var obj in collection.Select((item, index) => new { Index = index, Value = item }) {
string foo = string.Format("Something[{0}] = {1}", obj.Index, obj.Value);
...
}
int index;
foreach (Object o in collection)
{
index = collection.indexOf(o);
}
This would work for collections supporting IList.
// using foreach loop how to get index number:
foreach (var result in results.Select((value, index) => new { index, value }))
{
// do something
}
Better to use keyword continue safe construction like this
int i=-1;
foreach (Object o in collection)
{
++i;
//...
continue; //<--- safe to call, index will be increased
//...
}
You can write your loop like this:
var s = "ABCDEFG";
foreach (var item in s.GetEnumeratorWithIndex())
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Character: {0}, Position: {1}", item.Value, item.Index);
}
After adding the following struct and extension method.
The struct and extension method encapsulate Enumerable.Select functionality.
public struct ValueWithIndex<T>
{
public readonly T Value;
public readonly int Index;
public ValueWithIndex(T value, int index)
{
this.Value = value;
this.Index = index;
}
public static ValueWithIndex<T> Create(T value, int index)
{
return new ValueWithIndex<T>(value, index);
}
}
public static class ExtensionMethods
{
public static IEnumerable<ValueWithIndex<T>> GetEnumeratorWithIndex<T>(this IEnumerable<T> enumerable)
{
return enumerable.Select(ValueWithIndex<T>.Create);
}
}
If the collection is a list, you can use List.IndexOf, as in:
foreach (Object o in collection)
{
// ...
#collection.IndexOf(o)
}
This way you can use the index and value using LINQ:
ListValues.Select((x, i) => new { Value = x, Index = i }).ToList().ForEach(element =>
{
// element.Index
// element.Value
});
My solution for this problem is an extension method WithIndex(),
http://code.google.com/p/ub-dotnet-utilities/source/browse/trunk/Src/Utilities/Extensions/EnumerableExtensions.cs
Use it like
var list = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
var odd = list.WithIndex().Where(i => (i.Item & 1) == 1);
CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 0, 2, 4 }, odd.Select(i => i.Index));
CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 1, 3, 5 }, odd.Select(i => i.Item));
For interest, Phil Haack just wrote an example of this in the context of a Razor Templated Delegate (http://haacked.com/archive/2011/04/14/a-better-razor-foreach-loop.aspx)
Effectively he writes an extension method which wraps the iteration in an "IteratedItem" class (see below) allowing access to the index as well as the element during iteration.
public class IndexedItem<TModel> {
public IndexedItem(int index, TModel item) {
Index = index;
Item = item;
}
public int Index { get; private set; }
public TModel Item { get; private set; }
}
However, while this would be fine in a non-Razor environment if you are doing a single operation (i.e. one that could be provided as a lambda) it's not going to be a solid replacement of the for/foreach syntax in non-Razor contexts.
I don't think this should be quite efficient, but it works:
#foreach (var banner in Model.MainBanners) {
#Model.MainBanners.IndexOf(banner)
}
I built this in LINQPad:
var listOfNames = new List<string>(){"John","Steve","Anna","Chris"};
var listCount = listOfNames.Count;
var NamesWithCommas = string.Empty;
foreach (var element in listOfNames)
{
NamesWithCommas += element;
if(listOfNames.IndexOf(element) != listCount -1)
{
NamesWithCommas += ", ";
}
}
NamesWithCommas.Dump(); //LINQPad method to write to console.
You could also just use string.join:
var joinResult = string.Join(",", listOfNames);
I don't believe there is a way to get the value of the current iteration of a foreach loop. Counting yourself, seems to be the best way.
May I ask, why you would want to know?
It seems that you would most likley be doing one of three things:
1) Getting the object from the collection, but in this case you already have it.
2) Counting the objects for later post processing...the collections have a Count property that you could make use of.
3) Setting a property on the object based on its order in the loop...although you could easily be setting that when you added the object to the collection.
Unless your collection can return the index of the object via some method, the only way is to use a counter like in your example.
However, when working with indexes, the only reasonable answer to the problem is to use a for loop. Anything else introduces code complexity, not to mention time and space complexity.
I just had this problem, but thinking around the problem in my case gave the best solution, unrelated to the expected solution.
It could be quite a common case, basically, I'm reading from one source list and creating objects based on them in a destination list, however, I have to check whether the source items are valid first and want to return the row of any error. At first-glance, I want to get the index into the enumerator of the object at the Current property, however, as I am copying these elements, I implicitly know the current index anyway from the current destination. Obviously it depends on your destination object, but for me it was a List, and most likely it will implement ICollection.
i.e.
var destinationList = new List<someObject>();
foreach (var item in itemList)
{
var stringArray = item.Split(new char[] { ';', ',' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
if (stringArray.Length != 2)
{
//use the destinationList Count property to give us the index into the stringArray list
throw new Exception("Item at row " + (destinationList.Count + 1) + " has a problem.");
}
else
{
destinationList.Add(new someObject() { Prop1 = stringArray[0], Prop2 = stringArray[1]});
}
}
Not always applicable, but often enough to be worth mentioning, I think.
Anyway, the point being that sometimes there is a non-obvious solution already in the logic you have...

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