Learning resources for the WPF/XAML Illiterate - c#

Okay, I know this has been asked before, but the solutions to previously asked questions haven't helped me. I've never made an app in XAML/WPF before and I feel really stupid when I try to learn it, but with the release of Windows 8 release preview, it is looking like I have to learn it.
Are there any resources that you would recommend to somebody as stupid as myself?
Thank you all
Specifically, my main trouble is not knowing how to properly position/align things on a Window in XAML. I find it extremely difficult to understand. I'm used to Docking things, and so forth, but I don't see any dock options for XAML. I'm also used to absolute positioning - or positioning by relativity from the edge of the window/screen - but that way doesn't work in XAML from what I've tried.

Specifically, my main trouble is not knowing how to properly position/align things on a Window in XAML. I find it extremely difficult to understand. I'm used to Docking things, and so forth, but I don't see any dock options for XAML. I'm also used to absolute positioning - or positioning by relativity from the edge of the window/screen - but that way doesn't work in XAML from what I've tried.
The key to this is understanding how the Layout System works in Xaml.
Once you understand the difference in the overall approach to layout, then understanding the individual panels and alignment make most things approachable.
The main difference is that the container typically handles the layout of the children. Instead of docking or aligning an element, you typically have the parent handle the layout, and use attached properties (ie: Grid.Row) to position the child within the parent.
This makes it far simpler to handle resolution independence, though it takes a bit of getting used to at first.

You can make use of Grid, Canvas, StackPanel, or WrapPanel (among others) to help position things.
It's usually a combination of the above controls, but the most common method I've seen is using the Grid to create rows and columns, and positioning your controls inside them.
I would recommend Josh Smith's tutorial http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/18251/A-Guided-Tour-of-WPF-Part-2-Layout

For an in-depth learning resource, check out the Pro WPF in C# 2010 book: http://www.amazon.com/Pro-WPF-2010-Presentation-Foundation/dp/1430272058/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1339377007&sr=8-1
It includes several chapters on elements and how positioning works. I've found it to be extremely helpful and would recommend it.
If you're not interested in reading something so lengthy, I would recommend viewing the example code on MSDN for different layout controls, such as the Grid, StackPanel, and DockPanel.

Related

Resizable views UWP

How do I make it so that a desktop UWP app will resize based on resolution? Mainly I need it to work between a surface pro and a Surface Studio. I've researched around google and I haven't seen anything that goes into detail. I know of things like RelativePanel and VisualStateManagers, but I have not clue how to use them. Any guidance would be much appreciated.
Use Grids to Place your elements. Specify the row height and column width as fractions (0.2*,0.2*,0.6*) so that it adds upto 1 (not necessarily, but for convenience). Then your UI will scale automatically based on resolution. You don't even have to use relative layouts. Just place them within these Grids. If you want complex actions, go with VisualStateManagers.
After doing more searching I came across this. I think I understand it now.
https://channel9.msdn.com/Series/Windows-10-development-for-absolute-beginners/UWP-037-Utilizing-the-VisualStateManager-to-Create-Adaptive-Triggers

Transitioning from Windows Forms to WPF

For a long time now, I have been stuck with Windows Forms development (started with VB6, and has continued through to C# .NET 4.5), and I have pretty much hit the limit of what Windows Forms can do, both using pure .NET, and special effects with Native Code.
I have tried to learn WPF and XAML, but I get stuck right at WPF's new designer. It really seems very difficult to use in comparison to the Windows Forms designer.
I want to know if there are any alternatives to .NET's WPF designer, that are more suited to Windows Forms developers?
I like to blog about beginner articles for WPF, and there are a few in particular that may help you out:
Understanding the change in mindset when switching from WinForms to WPF
What is this "DataContext" you speak of?
A Simple MVVM Example
To summarize, the biggest difference between Winforms and WPF is that in WPF your data layer (the DataContext) is your application, while in Winforms your UI layer is your application.
To look at it another way, with WPF your application consists of the objects you create, and you use Templates and other UI objects to tell WPF how to draw your application components.
That's the opposite of WinForms where you build your application out of UI objects, and then supply them with the data needed.
Because of this, the designer isn't actually used that much since your application components are designed in code, and the designer is only needed to draw a user-friendly interface that reflects your data classes (typically Models and ViewModels)
And personally, I prefer to type all my XAML out by hand since it's faster and doesn't make as much of a mess as the drag/drop WPF designer does, although I do use the Designer on occasion to preview what my UI will look like.
So to your answer your question about if there's other WPF designers suited for WinForms developers, I would suggest that instead of looking for another designer, instead look to learn how to use WPF in the way it's meant to be used. Using WPF like it's WinForms means you miss out on much of what makes it so great :)
Well although, some people don't agree, I would also recomment to not use the VS designer. At least not to create an interface. If you may want to get a first impression of your implementation without starting the application, it's a good viewer at least as long no sophisticated things like Styles and Templates are used. But, IMHO, its drag and drop result should only be used as prototype and therefore be discarded after it's no longer needed.
Here are some reasons which are important for me not to use it.
The VS designer is working with fix margins and alignments (which is usually not necessary, if you're using the layout controls), means you have to touch many controls, if the requirements are changed. If you're deep in XAML and the WPF mechanics you can create an applications which can be modified with small effort, regarding the look and feel.
Since the designer is generating the xaml, the composition is not optimal and the UI may perform badly. I didn't measure it, it's just a feeling.
A much better alternative is MS Blend, although the start is everything else but easy. Its drag and drop result is much better that the result of the VS designer.
But it's a pretty powerful tool, which helps you to use pretty powerful elements to create a state of the art UI. I recommend to visit at least a short workshop to get an idea of its opportunities.
Back to your question, IMHO, and I think many people agree, get yourself a good book e.g. WPF Unleashed and later, if you want to know more about the details, WPF Pro. There are a lot of features which are different to Winforms. You won't get to know them by using any designer. I think that's the best approach.
Please also consider that there are many frameworks and libraries (e.g. MVVM light, WPFToolkit) out there, which are already solving some common problems. So it's not necessary to reinvent the wheel.
I know this is an old question but for the benefit of anyone else looking at this, I think I should redress the balance a bit - reading some of the other answers, I get the feeling that some of the 'don't use the designer' sentiment comes from not using it properly.
This tutorial is quite good to get you going and answers some of the criticisms in the other posts.
For instance, you can switch from the Winforms-like margin-based layout that is the default when you drop a control, to a more WPF-ish style by right-clicking and selecting 'Reset Layout'
This video covers similar ground.
I still prefer the VS2010 designer on balance - VS2013 seems to be a bit buggy when dragging and dropping onto TabItems **, (which my current project uses a lot) - but the VS2013 Document Outline view lets you move things around in that view too, which can be a real plus.
Really, though, to get the most out of WPF and xaml you need to be reasonably fluent in both the designer view and the xaml view and switching between them; if you shy away from the designer, you are missing out on something that can help you a lot.
** Edit - although this seems to have been improved in Update 3 for VS 2013, and in previews of VS14, to date I still get odd behaviour at times.
First of all, in WPF (XAML) in Visual Studio deisgner, you should always use the xaml code to build you UI and do not drag and drop you control! You need to keep your code clean. You can use Expression Blend to help you, it's more graphic oriented with drag and drop, but it's not free.
It's not a big learning curve, but I think you should learn how to do your xaml by hand instead of searching for alternative.
I've been through this process as you did. Afterwards I was teaching everyone in my company WPF. There are a couple of important lessons I have learned and everybody I know who works with WPF.
If you are working with UI controls in the code behind, .... Then you are doing it wrong. There is absolutely no need for you to deal with UI controls in the code behind.
You do not need the visual developer for clicking on it. You are much more productive by only dealing with XAML.
Use Copy/Paste. Do not trust in your typing capabilities. It will save a lot of headaches.
Think of the XAML just as a window that loks over the data. In the code behind you are changing the data. In XAML you are defining how the UI will interpret the data.
Converters are amazing. As soon as you get a key amount of Converters, your productivity will rocket Sky high. They will take over the role of the crazy amount of control eventhandlers that hide or resize, or what ever about UI,
It makes UI development fun. Especially once you find out how it likes to play along with Asyc processes. It really takes away a lot of the headaches that were caused by Winforms.

How to change ListView background image layout?

I've tried to find a way to change the layout of the background image on the ListView control.
I've searched around but haven't got any straight answer.
I can see that there is a ListView property BackgroundImageLayout which is supposed to do the job. But when i change it nothing really happens beside that the BackgroundImageLayoutChanged event is triggered.
How it is possible to change the BackgroundImageLayout on the ListView control? Is there any possible workaround to achive my goal?
PS.: I know about 3rd party controls that 'fix' this problem, but I'm looking for a solution that would do the task without any additional components.
ListView is a native Windows control. Yes, it does support a background image, the LVM_SETBKIMAGE message takes care of it. It however doesn't support the boilerplate Winforms BackgroundImage support, notable lacking is BackgroundImageLayout, the property that Winforms implements for the Control class and implements when the ControlStyles.UserPaint is turned on. It is not for native Windows controls, they paint themselves.
The guy that wrote the Winforms wrapper class for ListView did the next best thing, he added a new property to the ListView class called BackgroundImageTile. A layout option that the native Windows control does implement. Which leaves you with just the two layout options that the native control supports. Tile or don't tile.
That same guy did some pretty heroic things to make the Winforms wrapper class behave reasonably. The code is filled with hacks to work around the native control's quirks. Awesome work. His life would have been a lot easier if the Windows team guy would have the luxury to make the Winforms guy's life easier. But it doesn't work that way, ListView has been around a lot longer than Winforms. And wasn't designed that well from the getgo, Microsoft had pretty significant growing pains around that time.
Fast forward and change the rules so you don't depend on legacy code: WPF, Silverlight, WinRT.
According to the MSDN, 'ListView.BackgroundImageLayout Property':
"The API supports the .NET Framework infrastructure and is not
intended to be used directly from your code."
and
This property has no effect on the layout of the background image of the ListView control, therefore it is not shown in the designer or by IntelliSense.
Use the BackgroundImage property to set the background image. See msdn for more info:
That is unless you have something fancy you are trying to do with it?
EDIT: As per a previous thread HERE: the short answer is that you can't. =(
If you desparately want it, try creating a blank image that is the dimensions of your ListView. Add to this image YOUR image and add at it a position that is in the middle. There may be something similar in nature to this in under Bitmaps or Images.

WPF How to design a multi-window Application?

im looking for some tips and hints how i can build up my Application in a good way.
So here are some informations: I have at the moment the Mainwindow designed with a grid which holds 4 frames. its looking like this.
At the top is a menu which let you select the different Pages. I have for the main area about 8 pages for e.g. a settings page and 4 content pages. The Sidebar displays some additional informations which can be choosen by the user and the bottom shows only a page when 1 of the content pages are opened.
So my content pages have ViewModels behind to fill them and im trying to use commands in the near future when im understand all features of them ;). So im trying to use the MVVM way, but im very new at this.
I don't really need a navigation menu like it is given from navigation windows.
So is it the best way for an application like that to use Frames or are there any better solutions?
Frames support the built-in navigation infrastructure of WPF so they're a good choice if you plan to use that. It does have some problems (at least some people think so, including me) but for simple/small applications it will do just fine. Of course they'll also work if you want to roll your own light-weight navigation system, like I usually do. I generally navigate by sending instances of ViewModels around and setting them as the contents of windows or content controls, and letting DataTemplates 'dress' them up as they are defined in the views. For larger projects I'd always recommend one of the awesome frameworks which include navigation systems like Prism or Magellan.
Basically it all depends on your requirements; there are a lot of ways to get it right. It's good that you're trying to use MVVM, try to stick with that and it will generally automatically guide you in a good direction.
I'd suggest using a docking library like AvalonDock to spice your application up a bit... however I have a bitter experience with it as it's not MVVM-friendly. I recently spent the better part of a week wrestling with it to make it usable enough in a MVVM scenario and I'm not sure it can ever be done. There may be other libraries that handle things better, but (full-featured, like in Visual Studio) docking is a complicated matter so maybe don't go there. Sorry, I probably felt the need to vent after the AvalonDock frustrations.

How to move from WinForms to WPF

I used WPF very little before and some stuff seemed very different to achieve. Coming from a winforms background, what things will seem different and take you a while to figure out.
Off top of my head, I remember not being able to specify which nodes are selected in a treeview control the way it's done in winforms, if I am not wrong.
I remember the whole MVVM principle..
But its okay now.. we are bffs now! :)
Oh, where to begin? WPF and WinForms seem very different to me. The concept of defining layouts using markup is quite different, although similar to web development. The fact that you need to make an explicit choice of a layout container (for multiple elements) is novel. I remember trying to add a bunch of elements directly within a Window and getting very confused...
I think to take advantage of all that WPF has to offer, you need to have a WPF mindset. For example, you don't have to use styles, templates, and bindings, but those concepts are where the power of WPF lies.
As Daniel stated WPF is different and it needs a different Mindset. You have to forget all the UI side assumptions you made/learned while doing Winforms or other conventional UI side development
I have comeacross so many similar kind of questions in this site. Some interesting once are listed bellow. You can find many here.
What are the most common mistakes
made in WPF development?
How to begin WPF development?
When is Winforms the correct choice vs. WPF?
For your selected node in a treeview the ModelView ViewModel approach works well. People have worked out good design patterns now for this kind of thing making the process much more easy.

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