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How to make a registry entry using C# cake?

I need to create a registry entry based on finding of 32/64-bit system from cake script. I can see the File operations reference, Directory operations reference in C# cake site. But i could not find the registry related reference in C# cake. Could anyone please let me know is there any option to make a registry entry using C# cake? If so, please specify the reference link. This will help me a lot to continue in cake script.

An alternative to using C# you could also be using the Reg.exe shipped with all major versions of Windows.
You could use this tool with Cake using StartProcess alias.
An example of doing this below:
DirectoryPath system32Path = Context.Environment
.GetSpecialPath(SpecialPath.Windows)
.Combine("System32");
FilePath regPath = system32Path.CombineWithFilePath("reg.exe");
string keyName = "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Cake";
string valueName = "Rocks";
string valueData = "1";
ProcessSettings regSettings = new ProcessSettings()
.WithArguments(
arguments => arguments
.Append("add")
.AppendQuoted(keyName)
.Append("/f")
.AppendSwitchQuoted("/v", valueName)
.AppendSwitchQuoted("/t", "REG_DWORD")
.AppendSwitchQuoted("/d", valueData)
);
int result = StartProcess(regPath, regSettings);
if (result == 0)
{
Information("Registry value successfully set");
}
else
{
Information("Failed to set registry value");
}

Currently, there are no Cake aliases for working with the registry. Having said that, there is nothing to stop you manipulating the Registry directly using that standard C# types.
An example of one such approach is here:
Writing to registry in a C# application
Cake provides a number of aliases for things that are more complicated to do, however, remember that almost everything that is provided in an alias could be done directly with C# in your main script. The aliases are simply there as a convenience.

How can I enter an email address into text input field in Edge using Selenium WebDriver?

I have the following program:
using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
static class Program
{
static void Main()
{
//var driver = new ChromeDriver();
var driver = new EdgeDriver();
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitlyWait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20));
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://www.cornelsen.de/shop/registrieren-lehrer");
driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys("dummy#user.de");
}
}
}
When I run this in Chrome or any other browser aside from Edge, then the email adress is entered correctly. But if I try the same thing in Edge, the "#" character is missing. The field displays only "dummyuser.de".
Any idea what I can do?

As a workaround, you can set the input value directly via ExecuteScript():
IWebElement email = driver.FindElement(By.Id("email"));
IJavaScriptExecutor js = driver as IJavaScriptExecutor;
string script = "arguments[0].setAttribute('value', 'arguments[1]');";
js.ExecuteScript(script, email, "dummy#user.de");
Or, what you can do is to create a fake input element with a predefined value equal to the email address. Select the text in this input, copy and paste into the target input.
Not pretty, but should only serve as a workaround:
// create element
IJavaScriptExecutor js = driver as IJavaScriptExecutor;
string script = #"
var el = document.createElement('input');
el.type = 'text';
el.value = 'arguments[0]';
el.id = 'mycustominput';
document.body.appendChild(el);
";
js.ExecuteScript(script, "dummy#user.de");
// locate the input, select and copy
IWebElement myCustomInput = driver.FindElement(By.Id("mycustominput"));
el.SendKeys(Keys.Control + "a"); // select
el.SendKeys(Keys.Control + "c"); // copy
// locate the target input and paste
IWebElement email = driver.FindElement(By.Id("email"));
email.SendKeys(Keys.Control + "v"); // paste

It wasn't as easy as I thought after all. Issues with alecxe's answer:
arguments[0].setAttribute('value', '...'); works only the first time you call it. After calling element.Clear();, it doesn't work any more. Workaround: arguments[0].value='...';
The site doesn't react on the JavaScript call like it would on element.SendKeys();, e.g. change event is not invoked. Workaround: Send the first part of the string up to the last "forbidden" character via JavaScript, the rest via WebElement.SendKeys (in this particular order, bc if you do another JavaScript call to the same field after SendKeys(), there will occur no change event either).
I also realized that there are more "forbidden" characters in Edge, e.g. accented or Eastern European ones (I'm Central European). The problem with 2. is that the last character might be a forbidden character. In this case, I append a whitespace. Which of course affects the test case behavior, but I haven't had any other idea.
Full C# code:
public static void SendKeys(this IWebElement element, TestTarget target, string text)
{
if (target.IsEdge)
{
int index = text.LastIndexOfAny(new[] { '#', 'Ł', 'ó', 'ź' }) + 1;
if (index > 0)
{
((IJavaScriptExecutor) target.Driver).ExecuteScript(
"arguments[0].value='" + text.Substring(0, index) + "';", element);
text = index == text.Length ? Keys.Space : text.Substring(index);
}
}
element.SendKeys(text);
}

This problem used to occur in old browsers. Apparently it returned in Edge.
You can try sending the string in pieces
IWebElement email = driver.FindElement(By.Id("email"));
email.SendKeys("dummy");
email.SendKeys("#");
email.SendKeys("user.de");
Or try using # ASCII code
driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys("dummy" + (char)64 + "user.de");

Try to clear the Text field first.
try following
driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).clear().SendKeys("dummy#user.de");

Have you tried Copy Paste?
Clipboard.SetText("dummy#user.de");
email.SendKeys(OpenQA.Selenium.Keys.Control + "v");
Hope it could help.

I just added one extra line to click on text field and then send keys, I tried this and its working for me.
Code is written in java, you can change that to any other, if you want.
//INITIALISE DRIVER
WebDriver driver = null;
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.navigate().to("http://www.cornelsen.de/shop/registrieren-lehrer");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
//CLICK EMAIL FIELD, JUST TO HAVE FOCUS ON TEXT FIELD
driver.findElement(By.id("email")).click();
driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys("dummy#user.de");

I'm the Program Manager for WebDriver at Microsoft. I just tried to reproduce your issue on my home machine (Windows 10 build 10586) and couldn't reproduce. Your exact test entered the '#' symbol fine.
You should check if you have the latest version of Windows 10 and WebDriver. If you hit the Windows key and type "winver" and hit enter it'll open a popup with the Windows version info. You want it to say
Microsoft Windows
Version 1511 (OS Build 10586.104)
This is the latest version of Windows 10 released to the public. If you have this version you'll also need the corresponding version of WebDriver found here:
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=49962
Note that if the build is 10240 that you're on the original release build. Our November update added substantial support for new features (like finding elements by XPath and more!) along with bug fixes which might explain your issues.
Lastly I should note we have an Insiders release as well for WebDriver to match with the Insiders program. If you're subscribed to the Insiders program and want to see the newer features and bug fixes for WebDriver you can find the download here:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=48740
Note that it currently supports build 10547 which was actually before the November update. It'll be updated very shortly (next couple of days) to support the latest Windows Insiders flight, build 14267.

Sorry but I not agree with the last comment (Program Manager for WebDriver at Microsoft). I can reproduce the problem. This is my configuration:
Target Machine (Hub node where tests are run):
Win 10 build 10585.104
MS Edge 25.10586.0.0
MS EdgeHTML 13.10586
Selenium framework:
SeleniumHQ (for Java): 2.48.0
I am using Selenium Grid to run my suite. In this case, I was only doing conceptual test of Egde implementing a basic test:
1. Start Hub in local machine (Win 7) opening console (administrator privileges)
2. Register Node in Hub in target remote machine (Win 10 build 10585) opening console (in this case without administrator privileges because in other way edge hangs when create new session).
Setting up my grid and checking that everything is ok when I try to write my account name in login page I can not see the # and my basic test fails (wrong credentials).
I have introduced # by hand in the moment edge is opened (interrupt point) and I can see symbol.
I have sent "###############" to the text field and I can not see any. In summary, I have tried many things and I can not see #
When I started with Web Automation Testing using Selenium (Java) I remember this behaviour in old versions of Firefox and Chrome. I not really sure which one but it was reproducible in old version.
This partial basic code (implementated with pageobject) IS WORKING with Firefox 35.0 and Chrome 48.0.2564.109 but NOT IS WORKING with Edge's version I put at the beginning of my comment.
WebElement element = WebDriverExtensions.findElement(context, By.cssSelector("input[name='username'][type='email']"));
element.clear();
element.sendKeys(email);
Front Developers are using AngularJS and are validating user's text input to match with a welformatted email:
I afraid that current Edge version does not support sendkeys with this kind of character, maybe the problem is front on-line validation and Edge has to suits these situations because they are really common.
Best regards

None of the above worked for me with the version 2.52. This worked for me :
EdgeDriver edgeDriver = new EdgeDriver("folder of my edge driver containing MicrosoftWebDriver.exe");
IJavaScriptExecutor js = _edgeDriver as IJavaScriptExecutor;
js.ExecuteScript("document.getElementById('Email').value = 'some#email.com'");
Make sure to replace the ".getElementById('Email')" with what you should use to find your field with javascript and replace the "folder of my edge driver containing MicrosoftWebDriver.exe" with the correct path.
Good luck!

microsoft.interop.selection text

Before asking my question I would like to describe briefly background of my problem: I'm developing ms word COM addin on C# and I need to handle user's text selections. Now I'm able to catch selection event - it's look like
Microsoft.Interop.Word._Application app;
app = (Word._Application )Application; // Application object comes on addin's connection
app.Application.WindowSelectionChange+=
new Word.ApplicationEvents4_WindowSelectionChangeEventHandler(selChange);
///
void selChange(Word.Selection selection){
MessageBox.Show(selection.Text); // this is my problem, Text property is not available
}
// property Text doesn't exist,but documentation tells that it exists. I suspect, that this property is not available for ms word 2007 - in the documentation only 2003,2010 versions are mentioned. But how I can do something like selection.getSelectedText()? I tryed to play with selection.Rows, selection.Rows[0],selection.Words,selection.Words[0] - no success.

According to the documentation, the Selection.Text property should be available for Word 2007 as well. I made a small sample implementation of your case to test it, and I cannot make it fail on Word 2010 and 2013 at least:
var wordApplication = new Application() { Visible = true };
wordApplication.Documents.Add();
wordApplication.WindowSelectionChange += delegate(Selection mySelection) { Console.WriteLine(mySelection.Text); };
So, I suggest you check that you have included the right namespaces and that the Selection interface you are using are actually the one from the Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word namespace.

FOP and IKVM in .NET - Images Not Working

UPDATE2: I got it working completely now! Scroll way down to find out how...
UPDATE: I got it working! Well... partially. Scroll down for the answer...
I'm trying to get my FO file to show an external image upon transforming it to PDF (or RTF for that matter, but I'm not sure whether RTFs are even capable of displaying images (they are)) with FOP, but I can't seem to get it working. (The question asked here is different than mine.)
I am using IKVM 0.46.0.1 and have compiled a FOP 1.0 dll to put in .NET; this code worked fine when I didn't try to add images:
private void convertFoByMimetype(java.io.File fo, java.io.File outfile, string mimetype)
{
OutputStream output = null;
try
{
FOUserAgent foUserAgent = fopFactory.newFOUserAgent();
// configure foUserAgent as desired
// Setup outputput stream. Note: Using BufferedOutputStream
// for performance reasons (helpful with FileOutputStreams).
output = new FileOutputStream(outfile);
output = new BufferedOutputStream(output);
// Construct fop with desired output format
Fop fop = fopFactory.newFop(mimetype, foUserAgent, output);
// Setup JAXP using identity transformer
TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer(); // identity transformer
// Setup input stream
Source src = new StreamSource(fo);
// Resulting SAX events (the generated FO) must be piped through to FOP
Result res = new SAXResult(fop.getDefaultHandler());
// Start XSLT transformation and FOP processing
transformer.transform(src, res);
}
catch (Exception ex)
...
}
However, when I (or rather a DocBook2FO transformation) added the following code:
<fo:external-graphic src="url(images/interface.png)" width="auto" height="auto" content-width="auto" content-height="auto" content-type="content-type:image/png"></fo:external-graphic>
into the FO file, the image did not show. I read through a bit of the FAQ on Apache's site, which says:
3.3. Why is my graphic not rendered?
Most commonly, the external file is not being found by FOP. Check the
following:
Empty or wrong baseDir setting.
Spelling errors in the file name (including using the wrong case).
...
Other options did not seem to be my case (mainly for the reason below - "The Weird Part"). I tried this:
...
try
{
fopFactory.setBaseURL(fo.getParent());
FOUserAgent foUserAgent = fopFactory.newFOUserAgent();
foUserAgent.setBaseURL(fo.getParent());
FOURIResolver fourir = fopFactory.getFOURIResolver();
foUserAgent.setURIResolver(fourir);
// configure foUserAgent as desired
...
with no avail.
The Weird Part
When I use the command-line implementation of FOP, it works fine and displays my image with no problem. (I don't want to go the run-command-line-from-program route, because I don't want to force the users to install Java AND the .NET framework when they want to use my program.)
The png file is generated from GDI+ from within my application (using Bitmap.Save). I also tried different png files, but none of them worked for me.
Is there anything I might be missing?
Thanks a bunch for getting this far
UPDATE and possible answer
So I might have figured out why it didn't work. I put some time into studying the code (before I basically just copypasted it without thinking about it much). The problem is indeed in the wrong basedir setting.
The key is in this chunk of code:
// Setup JAXP using identity transformer
TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer(); // identity transformer
// Setup input stream
Source src = new StreamSource(fo);
// Resulting SAX events (the generated FO) must be piped through to FOP
Result res = new SAXResult(fop.getDefaultHandler());
// Start XSLT transformation and FOP processing
transformer.transform(src, res);
What happens here is an identity transformation, which routes its own result into an instance of FOP I've created before. This effectively changes the basedir of the routed FO into that of the application's executable. I have yet to figure out how to do this without a transformation and route my input directly into FOP, but for the moment I worked around this by copying my images into the executable's directory.
Which is where another problem came in. Now whenever I try to execute the code, I get an exception at the line that says transformer.transform(src, res);, which confuses the pants out of me, because it doesn't say anything. The ExceptionHelper says:
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError was caught
and there is no inner exception or exception message. I know this is hard to debug just from what I wrote, but I'm hoping there might be an easy fix.
Also, this e-mail seems vaguely related but there is no answer to it.
UPDATE2
Finally, after a few sleepless nights, I managed to get it working with one of the simplest ways possible.
I updated IKVM, compiled fop with the new version and replaced the IKVM references with the new dlls. The error no longer occurs and my image renders fine.
I hope this helps someone someday

I'm using very similar code, although without the FOUserAgent, Resolvers, etc. and it works perfectly.
Did you try setting the src attribute in the XSLT without the url() function?
What might help you diagnose the problem further are the following statements:
java.lang.System.setProperty("org.apache.commons.logging.Log", "org.apache.commons.logging.impl.SimpleLog")
java.lang.System.setErr(New java.io.PrintStream(New TraceStream(TraceStream.Level.Error)))
java.lang.System.setOut(New java.io.PrintStream(New TraceStream(TraceStream.Level.Info)))
Where TraceStream is a .NET implementation of a java.io.OutputStream which writes to your favorite logger.
I posted a version for the Common.Logging package at http://pastebin.com/XH1Wg7jn.

Here's a post not to leave the question unanswered, see "Update 1" and "Update 2" in the original post for the solution.

Extracting keyboard layouts from windows

OK, this is a slightly weird question.
We have a touch-screen application (i.e., no keyboard). When users need to enter text, the application shows virtual keyboard - hand-built in WinForms.
Making these things by hand for each new language is monkey work. I figure that windows must have this keyboard layout information hiding somewhere in some dll. Would there be anyway to get this information out of windows?
Other ideas welcome (I figure at least generating the thing from a xml file has got to be better than doing it by hand in VS).
(Note: having said all which, I note that there is a Japanese keyboard, state machine and all..., so XML might not be sufficient)
UPDATE: pretty good series on this subject (I believe) here

Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator can load system keyboards and export them as .klc files. Since it’s written in .NET you can use Reflector to see how it does that, and use reflection to drive it. Here's a zip file of .klc files for the 187 keyboards in Windows 8 created using the below C# code. Note that I originally wrote this for Windows XP, and now with Windows 8 and the on-screen keyboard, it is really slow and seems to crash the taskbar :/ However, it does work :)
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
class KeyboardExtractor {
static Object InvokeNonPublicStaticMethod(Type t, String name,
Object[] args)
{
return t.GetMethod(name, BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic)
.Invoke(null, args);
}
static void InvokeNonPublicInstanceMethod(Object o, String name,
Object[] args)
{
o.GetType().GetMethod(name, BindingFlags.Instance |
BindingFlags.NonPublic) .Invoke(o, args);
}
static Object GetNonPublicProperty(Object o, String propertyName) {
return o.GetType().GetField(propertyName,
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)
.GetValue(o);
}
static void SetNonPublicField(Object o, String propertyName, Object v) {
o.GetType().GetField(propertyName,
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)
.SetValue(o, v);
}
[STAThread] public static void Main() {
System.Console.WriteLine("Keyboard Extractor...");
KeyboardExtractor ke = new KeyboardExtractor();
ke.extractAll();
System.Console.WriteLine("Done.");
}
Assembly msklcAssembly;
Type utilitiesType;
Type keyboardType;
String baseDirectory;
public KeyboardExtractor() {
msklcAssembly = Assembly.LoadFile("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator 1.4\\MSKLC.exe");
utilitiesType = msklcAssembly.GetType("Microsoft.Globalization.Tools.KeyboardLayoutCreator.Utilities");
keyboardType = msklcAssembly.GetType("Microsoft.Globalization.Tools.KeyboardLayoutCreator.Keyboard");
baseDirectory = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
}
public void extractAll() {
DateTime startTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
SortedList keyboards = (SortedList)InvokeNonPublicStaticMethod(
utilitiesType, "KeyboardsOnMachine", new Object[] {false});
DateTime loopStartTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
int i = 0;
foreach (DictionaryEntry e in keyboards) {
i += 1;
Object k = e.Value;
String name = (String)GetNonPublicProperty(k, "m_stLayoutName");
String layoutHexString = ((UInt32)GetNonPublicProperty(k, "m_hkl"))
.ToString("X");
TimeSpan elapsed = DateTime.UtcNow - loopStartTime;
Double ticksRemaining = ((Double)elapsed.Ticks * keyboards.Count)
/ i - elapsed.Ticks;
TimeSpan remaining = new TimeSpan((Int64)ticksRemaining);
String msgTimeRemaining = "";
if (i > 1) {
// Trim milliseconds
remaining = new TimeSpan(remaining.Hours, remaining.Minutes,
remaining.Seconds);
msgTimeRemaining = String.Format(", about {0} remaining",
remaining);
}
System.Console.WriteLine(
"Saving {0} {1}, keyboard {2} of {3}{4}",
layoutHexString, name, i, keyboards.Count,
msgTimeRemaining);
SaveKeyboard(name, layoutHexString);
}
System.Console.WriteLine("{0} elapsed", DateTime.UtcNow - startTime);
}
private void SaveKeyboard(String name, String layoutHexString) {
Object k = keyboardType.GetConstructors(
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)[0]
.Invoke(new Object[] {
new String[] {"", layoutHexString},
false});
SetNonPublicField(k, "m_fSeenOrHeardAboutPropertiesDialog", true);
SetNonPublicField(k, "m_stKeyboardTextFileName",
String.Format("{0}\\{1} {2}.klc",
baseDirectory, layoutHexString, name));
InvokeNonPublicInstanceMethod(k, "mnuFileSave_Click",
new Object[] {new Object(), new EventArgs()});
((IDisposable)k).Dispose();
}
}
Basically, it gets a list of all the keyboards on the system, then for each one, loads it in MSKLC, sets the "Save As" filename, lies about whether it's already configured the custom keyboard properties, and then simulates a click on the File -> Save menu item.

It is a fairly well-known fact that MSKLC is unable to faithfully import & reproduce keyboard layouts for all of the .DLL files supplied by Windows–especially those in Windows 8 & above. And it doesn't do any good to know where those files are if you can't extract any meaningful or helpful information from them.
This is documented by Michael Kaplan on his blog (he was a developer of MSKLC) which I see you have linked to above.
When MSKLC encounters anything it does not understand, that portion is removed.
Extracting the layout using MSKLC will work for most keyboards, but there are a few–namely the Cherokee keyboard, and the Japanese & Korean keyboards (to name a few, I'm not sure how many more there are)–for which the extracted layout will NOT accurately or completely reflect the actual usage & features of the keyboard.
The Cherokee keyboard has chained dead keys which MSKLC doesn't support. And the far Eastern keyboards have modifier keys which MSKLC isn't aware of–that means entire layers/shift states which are missing!
Michael Kaplan supplies some code and unlocks some of the secrets of MSLKC and the accompanying software that can be used to get around some of these limitations but it requires a fair amount of doing things by hand–exactly what you're trying to avoid! Plus, Michael's objectives are aimed at creating keyboards with features that MSKLC can not create or understand, but which DO work in Windows (which is the opposite of what the OP is trying to accomplish).
I am sure that my solution comes too late to be of use to the OP, but perhaps it will be helpful in the future to someone in a similar situation. That is my hope and reason for posting this.
So far all I've done is explain that the other answers are insufficient. Even the best one will not and can not fully & accurately reproduce all of Windows' native keyboards and render them into KLC source files. This is really unfortunate and it is certainly not the fault of its author because that is a very clever piece of code/script! Thankfully the script & the source files (whose link may or may not still work) is useful & effective for the majority of Windows' keyboards, as well as any custom keyboards created by MSKLC.
The keyboards that have the advanced features that MSKLC doesn't support were created by the Windows DDK, but those features are not officially documented. Although one can learn quite a bit about their potential by studying the source files provided with MSKLC.
Sadly the only solution I can offer is 3rd party, paid software called KbdEdit. I believe it is the only currently available solution which is actually able to faithfully decode & recreate any of the Windows supplied keyboards–although there are a few advanced features which even it can not reproduce (such as keys combinations/hotkeys which perform special native language functions; for example: Ctrl+CapsLock to activate KanaLock (a Japanese modifier layer). KbdEdit DOES faithfully reproduce that modifier layer which MSKLC with strip away, it just doesn't support this alternate method of activating that shift state if you don't have a Japanese keyboard with a Kana lock key. Although, it will allow you to convert a key on your keyboard to a Kana key (perhaps Scroll Lock?).
Fortunately, none of those unsupported features are even applicable to an on-screen keyboard.
KbdEdit is a really powerful & amazing tool, and it has been worth every penny I paid for it! (And that's NOT something I would say about virtually any other paid software…)
Even though KbdEdit is 3rd party software, it is only needed to create the keyboards, not to use them. All of the keyboards it creates work natively on any Windows system without KbdEdit being installed.
It supports up to 15 modifier states and three addition modifier keys, one which is togglable–like CapsLock. It also supports chained dead keys, and remapping any of the keys on most any keyboard.

Why don't you use the on-screen keyboard (osk.exe)? Looks like you re-inventing the wheel. And not the easiest one!

I know where are these DLL files' path:
In your registry, you see:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layouts
where each branch has some value like "Layout File"="KBDSP.dll". The root directory is
C:\Windows\System32
and
C:\Windows\SystemWOW64
Those are all the keyboard layout files are located. For example, KBDUS.dll means "keyboard for US".
I tried to substitute the DLL file with my custom DLL made by MSKLC, and I found it loads the layout mapping images automatically in the "Language" - "input method" - "preview":
So we know that the mapping is there in the DLL.

Please check following Windows API
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern long LoadKeyboardLayout(string pwszKLID, uint Flags);
Check MSDN here