Web Api - Request Parameters Outside Controller - c#

I'm working on a ASP.NET Web Api project and made it accept version information in the url.
For example:
api/v1/MyController api/v2/MyController
Now I would like to get the request version v1, v2 inside a custom LayoutRenderer for Nlog. Normally I would do this like the below example.
[LayoutRenderer("Version")]
public class VersionLayoutRenderer : LayoutRenderer
{
protected override void Append(System.Text.StringBuilder builder, NLog.LogEventInfo logEvent)
{
var version = HttpContext.Current.Request.RequestContext.RouteData.Values["Version"];
builder.Append(version);
}
}
The problem: HttpContext.Current is NULL
I believe this is because I use Async wrappers for NLog and some calls before the Logger are also Async.
A example of the logger being called Async inside Ninject.Extensions.WebApi.UsageLogger. At this point the HttpRequestMessage has all info we need to get the Version.
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="UsageHandler" /> class.
/// </summary>
public UsageHandler()
{
var kernel = new StandardKernel();
var logfactory = kernel.Get<ILoggerFactory>();
this.Log = logfactory.GetCurrentClassLogger();
}
protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var startTime = DateTime.Now;
// Log request
await request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().ContinueWith(c =>
{
this.Log.Info("{0}: {1} called from {2}", request.Method, HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.RequestUri.AbsoluteUri), ((HttpContextBase)request.Properties["MS_HttpContext"]).Request.UserHostAddress);
this.Log.Info("Content-Type: {0}, Content-Length: {1}", request.Content.Headers.ContentType != null ? request.Content.Headers.ContentType.MediaType : string.Empty, request.Content.Headers.ContentLength);
this.Log.Info("Accept-Encoding: {0}, Accept-Charset: {1}, Accept-Language: {2}", request.Headers.AcceptEncoding, request.Headers.AcceptCharset, request.Headers.AcceptLanguage);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(c.Result))
{
if (this.MaxContentLength > 0 && c.Result.Length > this.MaxContentLength)
{
this.Log.Info("Data: {0}", HttpUtility.UrlDecode(c.Result).Substring(0, this.MaxContentLength - 1));
}
else
{
this.Log.Info("Data: {0}", HttpUtility.UrlDecode(c.Result));
}
}
});
var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
// Log the error if it returned an error
if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
this.Log.Error(response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
}
// Log performance
this.Log.Info("Request processing time: " + DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime).TotalSeconds + "s");
return response;
}
The question
What would be the best way to make the VersionLayoutRenderer work in a generic way? Could I add a MessageHandler and Bind the HttpRequest to some Async scope? If so any guidelines would be much appreciated cause I'm still getting used to Ninject.
For the time being I add the version information directly to the Log Call in the UsageHandler, but I would really like a more generic solution, where I can always rely on version information inside my logging.
Edit: Updated the question to be more specific and included more details.

Try injecting the context using something like:
kernel.Bind<IDependency>()
.To<Mydependency>()
.InRequestScope()
.WithConstructorArgument("context",c=>HttpContext.Current);

The actual issue is really neutral wrt what you should do with Ninject - you just need to get the phasing of your processing such that any objects that are going be running async have everything they need without relying on the magic HttpContext.Current. Get that working with no DI Container first.
Then, to use Ninject the major steps are:-
Your Bind statements need to be run once. See the Ninject.MV3 wiki for the best approach (until it gets merged in, there is not OOTB with the NuGet-based edition)
as #rickythefox (+1'd) says, your registration should bake the thread/context-relative data into the object and you config the registration such that it can happen early in request processing, when you're still on the thread that's HttpContext.Current
kernel.Bind<ILogger>()
// TODO replace GCCL with something like GetClassLogger(ctx.Request.Service.ReflectedType) - see the wiki for examples
.ToMethod( ctx=> ctx.Get<ILoggerFactory>().GetCurrentClassLogger())
.InRequestScope()
.WithConstructorArgument("context",c=>HttpContext.Current);
Then just make the constructor of the handler take a ILogger, which can be assigned to .Log (which I hope isnt static :D)
NB, the aim is for you never to write a kernel.Get(), ever, period.
The real problem here though, is that proper use of WebApi does not involve using HttpContext.Current or any other magic static methods or anything similar (for testability, to make yourself independent of the hosting context (self hosting, OWIN etc), and many more reasons).
Also, if you are using NLog (or Log4Net) you should also look at the Ninject.Extensions.Logging package (and source).

The GlobalConfiguration class can provide you access to the routing configuration.
// The code below assumes a map routing convention of api/{version}/{controller}/....
// This will give you the configured routes
var routes = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Routes;
// This will give you the route templates
var templates = routes
.Select(route => route.RouteTemplate);
// This will give you the distinct versions for all controllers
var versions = routes
.Select(route => route.RouteTemplate)
.Select(template => template.Split("/".ToCharArray(), StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
.Select(values => values[1])
.Distinct();
// This will give you the distinct versions for a controller with the specified name
var name = "MyController";
var controllerVersions = routes
.Select(route => route.RouteTemplate)
.Select(template => template.Split("/".ToCharArray(), StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
.Where(values => String.Equals(values[2], name, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
.Select(values => values[1])
.Distinct();
I am not sure if you are trying to resolve the version with a known value (the name of the controller) or if you are trying to dynamically resolve it. If you inject the current HttpContext, you can use the request URI of the context to filter the routes via the route template.
Edit: After your comments I realized the routing configuration isn't what you were after.
If the end goal is to implement logging within your controllers, you may want to take a look at Tracing in ASP.NET Web API as there is support for tracing built-in to the Web API infrastructure.

Related

Resolving dependencies in a Func<T> that is moved to a separate class file

I'm working with a codebase (Minimal APIs : .NET 6) which exposes a custom middleware (UseCustomMiddleware) that is added to IApplicationBuilder via extension methods.
The second parameter of UseCustomMiddleware is a Func<HttpRequest, Identity, Message, ... Task<(bool Pass, Error Error)> that act as a predicate for providing authentication mechanism.
Here's the layout in Program.cs:
builder.Services.AddScoped<AuthenticationService>();
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseCustomMiddleware<IContract,Methods>("/", async (httpRequest, accessibility, message, ...) =>
{
//resolving dependencies here is not a problem.
var authenticationService = app.Services.CreateScope().ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<AuthenticationService>();
//the rest of logic continues...
});
Everything works fine but the logic inside lambda is getting lengthier and lengthier and I need to move that to a separate class file.
I could create a static class and define the same static method with the signature of Func<...> and reference it in place of lambda but then I don't know how to resolve dependencies in there.
What is the proper way to achieve this?
Not sure what UseCustomMiddleware is but you don't need app.Services.CreateScope().ServiceProvider... (also you don't dispose the scope which is bad). Middleware should have access to HttpContext, which has RequestServices property which you should use to resolve services. In theory you can try to get it from HttpRequest:
app.UseCustomMiddleware<IContract,Methods>("/", async (httpRequest, accessibility, message, ...) =>
{
var authenticationService = httpRequest.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<AuthenticationService>();
});
Also see samples in the docs, especially for middlewares extracted into classes, I would argue they are more suitable for complex logic then ones with Func handlers.

Loop HTTP Request in Background?

I'm pretty new to working with HTTP stuff so I'm rather confused as to what would be the best approach to request data from a HTTP address every few seconds or so.
The API I'm using has - at least to my knowledge no webhook support. So I imagine the way to update my data would be a rather crude way of doing so.
I want this to happen in the background so the GUI does not freeze and become unresponsive. So I know I (probably) need to fiddle with threads.
Best results I've had has been with a async/await Timer. I'm not entirely sure how to work with this and the only way for me to get it to work is to throw an exception after it has elapsed. If I don't - it says that not all nodes return a value and I can't even use return which really, really confuses me.
How should I be doing this?
If it's of any use, I'm working on creating my own RCON tool for a game which has all kinds of server data available via a HTTP API - but documentation for this API is very lackluster.
if you go to .net core you can see my previous answer on: Start multiple background threads inside Self Hosted ASP.NET Core Microservice
for .net framework you have to do a little more yourself. But still very do-able!
in your global.asax you have (or should I say: should) have your dependency injection. Something like:
protected void Application_Start()
{
Bootstrap();
//and do something more
}
private static void Bootstrap()
{
var container = new Container();
container.Register(() => new HttpClient());
container.RegisterSingleton<IApiCaller, ApiCaller>();
container.RegisterInitializer<IApiCaller>(ApiCaller=> apicaller.StartCallingAsync());
// Suppress warnings for HttpClient
var registration = container.GetRegistration(typeof(HttpClient)).Registration;
registration.SuppressDiagnosticWarning(DiagnosticType.DisposableTransientComponent, "Dispose is being called by code.");
registration.SuppressDiagnosticWarning(DiagnosticType.LifestyleMismatch, "Every HttpCient is unique for each dependency.");
container.Verify();
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = new SimpleInjectorWebApiDependencyResolver(container);
}
In this case, I let SimpleInjector start my background thread to do a lot of work.
In the apicaller you can do your httpcalls.
something like:
public async Task StartCallingAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = (default)CancellationToken)
{
while(true)
{
var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(url);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
//do work
}
await Task.Delay(10000, cancellationToken);
}
}
for the GetAsync there are extension methods that can cast it directly to your object.
can you work with this?

Approach for tying all NLog logs back to the original request within WebAPI?

I am working to build an API using WebAPI, and have been using NLog for logging throughout the stack. My API solution has two main projects including:
The website layer itself that implements the controllers and webapi stuff
A service layer that implements "async" commands and handlers in a CQRS-like fashion
What I'm trying to achieve is to automatically generate a unique ID that I can attach to log statements so that any logs written while servicing a single request, no matter what layer they came from, can be linked back to that original request. I'd also like this to work without passing the unique ID around, or having the log statements themselves be concerned with including it in their calls.
With that goal in mind I started looking into writing a custom delegating handler to intercept each request (following this post for guidance) and add a unique ID as a property within NLog. I ended up with the following:
/// <summary>
/// This class is a WebAPI message handler that helps establish the data and operations needed
/// to associate log statements through the entire stack back to the originating request.
///
/// Help from here: http://weblogs.asp.net/fredriknormen/log-message-request-and-response-in-asp-net-webapi
/// </summary>
public class InitializeLoggingMessageHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
private ILogger _logger;
// The logger is injected with Autofac
//
public InitializeLoggingMessageHandler(ILogger logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
protected async override System.Threading.Tasks.Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// Get a unique ID for this request
//
var uniqueId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
// Now that we have a unique ID for this request, we add it to NLog's MDC as a property
// we can use in the log layouts. We do NOT use the global diagnostic context because
// WebAPI is multi-threaded, and we want the ID to be scoped to just the thread servicing
// this request.
//
NLog.MappedDiagnosticsContext.Set("UniqueId", uniqueId);
// Capture some details about the request for logging
//
var requestInfo = string.Format("{0} {1}", request.Method, request.RequestUri);
var requestMessage = await request.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();
_logger.Info("Request: {0} - {1}", requestInfo, Encoding.UTF8.GetString(requestMessage));
var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
return response;
}
}
With this code I can then use the unique ID in log layouts like so:
<target xsi:type="Debugger" name="DebugLogger"
layout="${longdate} ${logger} ${mdc:item=UniqueId} ${message}" />
The problem with this approach is that I'm using NLog's MappedDiagnosticsContext to try to save the unique ID as a property that can be used within layouts (so my code doing the logging doesn't need to know). This is a thread-local mechanism for storing values, so it breaks down when you have async code since the thread that starts a request, may not be the one that executes all of it.
So what happens is the first log messages have the unique ID included, but the ones later on could be missing it since they're on a different thread and can't access the value. I also can't use the GlobalDiagnosticsContext within NLog because it's truly global, so multiple requests in WebAPI would easily overwrite the unique ID, and the data would be useless.
So with the goal of associating all log messages back to the request that originated within WebAPI, is there another mechanism that I should be considering?
Take a look at LogicalCallContext. As of .NET 4.5, it supports async scenarios.
Mr. Jeffrey Richter:
The .NET Framework has a little-known facility that allows you to associate data with a “logical” thread-of-execution. This facility is called logical
call context and it allows data to flow to other threads, AppDomains, and even to threads in other processes.
NLog.Extension.Logging ver. 1.0 is able to capture context-properties created with ILogger.BeginScope. These can be extracted using NLog ${mdlc}.
Microsoft engine will by default inject properties like RequestId, RequestPath, etc.
See also: https://github.com/NLog/NLog.Extensions.Logging/wiki/NLog-properties-with-Microsoft-Extension-Logging
If you're using Application Insights they automatically set System.Diagnostics.Activity.Current to an object that has all the Application Insights info you could want and more, including RootId and Id that lets you correlate with other events.
See this answer for more details and how to log it easily with nlog.

Retrieving HttpContext in a Custom NLog Target

I may me missing something basic here - but is it possible to retrieve the HttpContext.Current in a custom NLog event?
I am trying to give each request a unique Guid so that I can correlate logging messages to a single event (i.e, tie together each log event for a single request). So, I want to store this Guid in HttpContext.Current.Items, then retrieve it in the NLog target and include it in the log message.
Here is my example target where I'd like to access HttpContext.Current:
[Target("AzureTableTarget")]
public class AzureTableTarget : TargetWithLayout
{
public AzureTableTarget()
{
_appSettings = IoCResolver.Get<IAppSettings>();
}
protected override void Write(LogEventInfo logEvent)
{
var correlationId = HttpContext.Current; //This is always null
var batchOperation = new TableBatchOperation();
CxLogEventBuilder.Build(_appSettings, logEvent).ForEach(batchOperation.Insert);
_loggingTable.ExecuteBatchAsync(batchOperation);
}
}
Nowadays it's easier to retrieve the HTTP Context in a NLog target (works for ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core)
Install NLog.Web (ASP.NET) or NLog.Web.AspNetCore (ASP.NET Core) package
For ASP.NET core, follow the ASP.NET Core - NLog setup
Inherit from AspNetLayoutRendererBase (namespace NLog.Web.LayoutRenderers)
Get the request by calling var context = HttpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
Example:
[LayoutRenderer("aspnet-sessionid")]
[ThreadSafe]
public class AspNetSessionIdLayoutRenderer : AspNetLayoutRendererBase
{
protected override void DoAppend(StringBuilder builder, LogEventInfo logEvent)
{
var context = HttpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
var contextSession = context?.Session();
if (contextSession == null)
{
InternalLogger.Debug("HttpContext Session Lookup returned null");
return;
}
builder.Append(contextSession.SessionID); // ASP.NET Core: contextSession.Id
}
}
PS: there are currently many predefined renderers for ASP.NET (Core): https://nlog-project.org/config/?tab=layout-renderers&search=aspnet
If your custom target should capture one (or more) context-specific values, then I recommend that your target inherits from TargetWithContext (or AsyncTaskTarget).
It gives the ability to setup and capture contextproperty-items. Where the Layout can be assigned to capture context-details. Examples of possible context-details easily available from HttpContext:
https://nlog-project.org/config/?tab=layout-renderers&search=package:nlog.web.aspnetcore
For more details about writing custom-targets:
https://github.com/NLog/NLog/wiki/How-to-write-a-custom-target-for-structured-logging
https://github.com/NLog/NLog/wiki/How-to-write-a-custom-async-target
Btw. there already exists this custom target that nicely inherits from AsyncTaskTarget:
https://www.nuget.org/packages/NLog.Extensions.AzureCosmosTable/
This article about Working with HttpContext.Current might help. The key, for you, might be that when control passes from one thread to another HttpContext.Current in the new thread can be null.
Here is another question/answer from here on SO that describes HttpContext.Current being null in the context of a web service. The accepted answer suggests turning on ASP.Net compatibility in your web.config file.
I don't know of either of these will help, but they might. I found them by googling for "HttpContext.Current is null", which yielded quite a number of hits. I have done very little ASP.NET development, so I can't really comment on HttpContext.Current from my own personal experience.
Given your use case, I would suggest that you look into System.Diagnostics.CorrelationManager.ActivityId.
One nice feature of ActivityId is that it is "flowed" from parent threads to child threads (including thread pool threads). I think that it works well with Tasks and Parallel operations. Works well meaning that the ActivityId, as set in a parent thread, has the expected value in a child thread.
There is not a LayoutRenderer for ActivityId, but it easy enough to write one. See an example (written against NLog 1.0) here:
Most useful NLog configurations
I'm pretty sure that the "EstimatedBufferSize" stuff is no longer needed, so something like will probably work:
[LayoutRenderer("ActivityId")]
class ActivityIdLayoutRenderer : LayoutRenderer
{
protected override void Append(StringBuilder builder, LogEventInfo logEvent)
{
builder.Append(Trace.CorrelationManager.ActivityId);
}
}
If you go this route, you might consider adding a Format property to the ActivityIdLayoutRenderer to allow you to specify the guid format. See this answer (from me). It contains a lot of useful information about working with guids.
NewGuid vs System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString("D");
See this source file (in NLog's git repository) for an example of how you can implement and use such a Format property:
https://github.com/NLog/NLog/blob/master/src/NLog/LayoutRenderers/GuidLayoutRenderer.cs

How to implement a caching model without violating MVC pattern?

I have an ASP.NET MVC 3 (Razor) Web Application, with a particular page which is highly database intensive, and user experience is of the upmost priority.
Thus, i am introducing caching on this particular page.
I'm trying to figure out a way to implement this caching pattern whilst keeping my controller thin, like it currently is without caching:
public PartialViewResult GetLocationStuff(SearchPreferences searchPreferences)
{
var results = _locationService.FindStuffByCriteria(searchPreferences);
return PartialView("SearchResults", results);
}
As you can see, the controller is very thin, as it should be. It doesn't care about how/where it is getting it's info from - that is the job of the service.
A couple of notes on the flow of control:
Controllers get DI'ed a particular Service, depending on it's area. In this example, this controller get's a LocationService
Services call through to an IQueryable<T> Repository and materialize results into T or ICollection<T>.
How i want to implement caching:
I can't use Output Caching - for a few reasons. First of all, this action method is invoked from the client-side (jQuery/AJAX), via [HttpPost], which according to HTTP standards should not be cached as a request. Secondly, i don't want to cache purely based on the HTTP request arguments - the cache logic is a lot more complicated than that - there is actually two-level caching going on.
As i hint to above, i need to use regular data-caching, e.g Cache["somekey"] = someObj;.
I don't want to implement a generic caching mechanism where all calls via the service go through the cache first - i only want caching on this particular action method.
First thought's would tell me to create another service (which inherits LocationService), and provide the caching workflow there (check cache first, if not there call db, add to cache, return result).
That has two problems:
The services are basic Class Libraries - no references to anything extra. I would need to add a reference to System.Web here.
I would have to access the HTTP Context outside of the web application, which is considered bad practice, not only for testability, but in general - right?
I also thought about using the Models folder in the Web Application (which i currently use only for ViewModels), but having a cache service in a models folder just doesn't sound right.
So - any ideas? Is there a MVC-specific thing (like Action Filter's, for example) i can use here?
General advice/tips would be greatly appreciated.
An action attribute seems like a good way to achieve this. Here's an example (disclaimer: I am writing this from the top of my head: I've consumed a certain quantity of beer when writing this so make sure you test it extensively :-)):
public class CacheModelAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
{
private readonly string[] _paramNames;
public CacheModelAttribute(params string[] paramNames)
{
// The request parameter names that will be used
// to constitute the cache key.
_paramNames = paramNames;
}
public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
{
base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
var cache = filterContext.HttpContext.Cache;
var model = cache[GetCacheKey(filterContext.HttpContext)];
if (model != null)
{
// If the cache contains a model, fetch this model
// from the cache and short-circuit the execution of the action
// to avoid hitting the repository
var result = new ViewResult
{
ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(model)
};
filterContext.Result = result;
}
}
public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext)
{
base.OnResultExecuted(filterContext);
var result = filterContext.Result as ViewResultBase;
var cacheKey = GetCacheKey(filterContext.HttpContext);
var cache = filterContext.HttpContext.Cache;
if (result != null && result.Model != null && cache[key] == null)
{
// If the action returned some model,
// store this model into the cache
cache[key] = result.Model;
}
}
private string GetCacheKey(HttpContextBase context)
{
// Use the request values of the parameter names passed
// in the attribute to calculate the cache key.
// This function could be adapted based on the requirements.
return string.Join(
"_",
(_paramNames ?? Enumerable.Empty<string>())
.Select(pn => (context.Request[pn] ?? string.Empty).ToString())
.ToArray()
);
}
}
And then your controller action could look like this:
[CacheModel("id", "name")]
public PartialViewResult GetLocationStuff(SearchPreferences searchPreferences)
{
var results = _locationService.FindStuffByCriteria(searchPreferences);
return View(results);
}
And as far as your problem with referencing the System.Web assembly in the service layer is concerned, that's no longer a problem in .NET 4.0. There's a completely new assembly which provides extensible caching features : System.Runtime.Caching, so you could use this to implement caching in your service layer directly.
Or even better if you are using an ORM at your service layer probably this ORM provides caching capabilities? I hope it does. For example NHibernate provides a second level cache.
I will provide general advices and hopefully they will point you to the right direction.
If this is your first stab at caching in your application, then don't cache HTTP response, cache the application data instead. Usually, you start with caching data and giving your database some breathing room; then, if it's not enough and your app/web servers are under huge stress, you can think of caching HTTP responses.
Treat your data cache layer as another Model in MVC paradigm with the all subsequent implications.
Whatever you do, don't write your own cache. It always looks easier than it really is. Use something like memcached.
My answer is based on the assumption that your services implement an interface, for example the type of _locationService is actually ILocationService but is injected with a concrete LocationService. Create a CachingLocationService that implements the ILocationService interface and change your container configuration to inject that caching version of the service to this controller. The CachingLocationService would itself have a dependecy on ILocationService which would be injected with the original LocationService class. It would use this to execute the real business logic and concern itself only with pulling and pushing from cache.
You don't need to create CachingLocationService in the same assembly as the original LocationService. It could be in your web assembly. However, personally I'd put it in the original assembly and add the new reference.
As for adding a dependency on HttpContext; you can remove this by taking a dependency on
Func<HttpContextBase>
and injecting this at runtime with something like
() => HttpContext.Current
Then in your tests you can mock HttpContextBase, but you may have trouble mocking the Cache object without using something like TypeMock.
Edit: On further reading up on the .NET 4 System.Runtime.Caching namespace, your CachingLocationService should take a dependency on ObjectCache. This is the abstract base class for cache implementations. You could then inject that with System.Runtime.Caching.MemoryCache.Default, for instance.
It sounds like you're trying to cache the data you are getting from your database. Here's how I handle this (an approach that I've seen used in many open-source MVC projects):
/// <summary>
/// remove a cached object from the HttpRuntime.Cache
/// </summary>
public static void RemoveCachedObject(string key)
{
HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(key);
}
/// <summary>
/// retrieve an object from the HttpRuntime.Cache
/// </summary>
public static object GetCachedObject(string key)
{
return HttpRuntime.Cache[key];
}
/// <summary>
/// add an object to the HttpRuntime.Cache with an absolute expiration time
/// </summary>
public static void SetCachedObject(string key, object o, int durationSecs)
{
HttpRuntime.Cache.Add(
key,
o,
null,
DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(durationSecs),
Cache.NoSlidingExpiration,
CacheItemPriority.High,
null);
}
/// <summary>
/// add an object to the HttpRuntime.Cache with a sliding expiration time. sliding means the expiration timer is reset each time the object is accessed, so it expires 20 minutes, for example, after it is last accessed.
/// </summary>
public static void SetCachedObjectSliding(string key, object o, int slidingSecs)
{
HttpRuntime.Cache.Add(
key,
o,
null,
Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration,
new TimeSpan(0, 0, slidingSecs),
CacheItemPriority.High,
null);
}
/// <summary>
/// add a non-removable, non-expiring object to the HttpRuntime.Cache
/// </summary>
public static void SetCachedObjectPermanent(string key, object o)
{
HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(key);
HttpRuntime.Cache.Add(
key,
o,
null,
Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration,
Cache.NoSlidingExpiration,
CacheItemPriority.NotRemovable,
null);
}
I have those methods in a static class named Current.cs. Here's how you can apply those methods to your controller action:
public PartialViewResult GetLocationStuff(SearchPreferences searchPreferences)
{
var prefs = (object)searchPreferences;
var cachedObject = Current.GetCachedObject(prefs); // check cache
if(cachedObject != null) return PartialView("SearchResults", cachedObject);
var results = _locationService.FindStuffByCriteria(searchPreferences);
Current.SetCachedObject(prefs, results, 60); // add to cache for 60 seconds
return PartialView("SearchResults", results);
}
I've accepted #Josh's answer, but thought i'd add my own answer, because i didn't exactly go with what he suggested (close), so thought for completeness i'd add what i actually did.
The key is i am now using System.Runtime.Caching. Because this exists in an assembly which is .NET specific and not ASP.NET specific, i have no problems referencing this in my service.
So all i've done is put the caching logic in the specific service layer methods that need the caching.
And an important point, im working off System.Runtime.Caching.ObjectCache class - this is what get's injected into the constructor of the service.
My current DI injects a System.Runtime.Caching.MemoryCache object. The good thing about the ObjectCache class is that it is abstract and all the core methods are virtual.
Which means for my unit tests, i have created a MockCache class, overriding all methods and implementing the underlying cache mechanism with a simple Dictionary<TKey,TValue>.
We plan to switch over to Velocity soon - so again, all i need to do is create another ObjectCache deriving class and i'm good to go.
Thanks for the help everyone!

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