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Image size not changing with different quality when compressed with CoreCompat

I would like to compress image to jpeg using CoreCompat library in ASP.NET Core 2. There is quality parameter that I would like to change and get images with different qualities and file sizes. Problem is that with different values for quality parameters, I get same file size. What am I doing wrong? For quality I was using values 0, 50 and 100. Here is my code:
const int size = 500;
const long quality = 50L;
string inputPath = #"D:\Images\land.jpg";
string outputPath = $#"D:\Images\land_{quality}.jpg";
using (var image = new Bitmap(System.Drawing.Image.FromFile(inputPath)))
{
var resized = new Bitmap(size, size);
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(resized))
{
graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighSpeed;
graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
graphics.DrawImage(image, 0, 0, size, size);
using (var output = File.Open(outputPath, FileMode.Create))
{
var qualityParamId = Encoder.Quality;
var encoderParameters = new EncoderParameters(1);
encoderParameters.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(qualityParamId, quality);
var codec = ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders()
.FirstOrDefault(c => c.FormatID == ImageFormat.Jpeg.Guid);
resized.Save(output, codec, encoderParameters);
}
}
}
My input file lang.jpg has size 5MB (8386x2229) and output files land_0.jpg, land_50.jpg and land_100.jpg all have 62KB and dimensions 500x500. Why these output files have same size?

The quality adjustment doesn't guarantee smaller file sizes, it only determines how "lossy" the compression is. However, ultimately a pixel is a pixel and there must be one or more bytes to encode that pixel and its color. The only guaranteed way to reduce file size is to reduce resolution, which means there's less pixels to encode and thus less bytes necessary to represent the image.
Image compression works in two ways. First, some attempt is made to reduce the overall bytes needed to encode the image. In types like GIF and PNG, this is done by limiting the colorspace. By limiting the image to a total of 256 colors, for example, instead of potentially millions, more pixels will share the same color and can therefore rely on the color index instead of a specific color. In the case of something like a JPEG, this is achieved by reducing the fine detail. The end result is largely the same: more pixels end up sharing the same colors, allowing better compression.
The second part of compression is achieved by using these shared pixel characteristics to reduce the overall bytes necessary to encode. Instead of each pixel having to include bytes to encode its particular color, you can just encode a single color and say this set of pixels uses that. It's the same way archives like zip work, in that it's using placeholders to share bytes that would otherwise have to be encoded individually.
The point of this is that compression ratios vary wildy and are 100% dependent on the image/data being compressed. In the case of an image, if there's a lot of colors and/or lots of fine detail, even turning the quality down to 0 may not actually achieve much. Some image information is discarded, but there's so much information to begin with that the end result is relatively insignificant. Again, 500x500 pixels is 500x500 pixels, regardless of the quality setting. Turning the quality down allows more aggressive compression, but depending on the source, even aggressive compression may not be able to remove many bytes.

c# reduced image quality

I am writing a program similar to TeamViewer. But I have a problem that the screen resolution is too big. Below is a how I am generating the image from the screen.
byte[] ScreenShut()
{
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Width,Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Height);
Graphics gr = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
bmp.SetResolution(96.0F,96.0F);
gr.CopyFromScreen(0, 0, 0, 0, new Size(bmp.Width, bmp.Height));
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
bmp.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Png);
return ms.GetBuffer();
}
How can I reduce the quality of the incoming picture?

Save it as jpg 8 bit using this
public Bitmap(
int width,
int height,
PixelFormat format
)

I am writing a program similar to TeamViewer
I'll assume you are referring to the RDP/desktop sharing aspects.
Your problem is that you are not taking into account any prior frames so there is much erroneous data being transmitted. Generally, not a great deal of the screen changes from moment to moment. You need to compare prior frames to the current frame to determine what has changed and only send the deltas. Therefore your problem is essentially that of how to stream moving images or consecutive frames in a reasonably fast fashion.
The problem can be solved with any streaming video solution. Perhaps H.264?
You will find that video codecs don't just work on the current frame but also prior frames. Thus you can think of the screen being a slice moving through time of a much larger rectangular prism. So simply to solve it in a 2D fashion like trying to reduce the bit-depth; spacial resolution won't be sufficient.

C# Converting 32bpp image to 8bpp

I'm trying to convert a 32bpp screenshot image to an 8bpp (or 4bpp, or 1bpp) format using C#. I've already looked at several stackoverflow answers on similar subjects and most suggest variations using the following code:
public static Bitmap Convert(Bitmap oldbmp)
{
Bitmap newbmp = new Bitmap(oldbmp.Width, oldbmp.Height, PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed);
Graphics gr = Graphics.FromImage(newbmp);
gr.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Pixel;
gr.DrawImageUnscaled(oldbmp, 0, 0);
return newbmp;
}
However, when this executes, I get a the exception: A graphics object cannot be created from an image that has an indexed pixel format. I understand that 8, 4 and 1bpp images have colour table mappings rather than the actual colour pixels themselves (as in 32 or 16bpp images) so I assume I'm missing some conversion step somewhere, but I'm fairly new to C# (coming from a C++ background) and would prefer to be able do this using native C# calls rather than resorting to PInvoking BitBlt and GetDIBits etc. Anybody able to help me solve this? Thanks.
EDIT: I should point out that I need this to be backwardly compatible to .NET framework 2.0

GDI+ in general has very poor support for indexed pixel formats. There is no simple way to convert an image with 65536 or 16 million colors into one that only has 2, 16 or 256. Colors have to be removed from the source image and that is a lossy conversion that can have very poor results. There are multiple algorithms available to accomplish this, none of them are perfect for every kind of image. This is a job for a graphics editor.
There is one trick I found. GDI+ has an image encoder for GIF files. That's a graphics format that has only 256 colors, the encoder must limit the number of colors. It uses a dithering algorithm that's suitable for photos. It does have a knack for generating a grid pattern, you'll be less than thrilled when it does. Use it like this:
public static Image Convert(Bitmap oldbmp) {
using (var ms = new MemoryStream()) {
oldbmp.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Gif);
ms.Position = 0;
return Image.FromStream(ms);
}
}
The returned image has a 8bpp pixel format with the Palette entries calculated by the encoder. You can cast it to Bitmap if necessary. By far the best thing to do is to simply not bother with indexed formats. They date from the stone age of computing back when memory was severely constrained. Or use a professional graphics editor.

AForge library is doing it perfectly using Grayscale.
var bmp8bpp = Grayscale.CommonAlgorithms.BT709.Apply(bmp);
This class is the base class for image grayscaling [...]
The filter accepts 24, 32, 48 and 64 bpp color images and produces 8
(if source is 24 or 32 bpp image) or 16 (if source is 48 or 64 bpp
image) bpp grayscale image.

Negative stride signifies the image is bottom-up (inverted). Just use the absolute of the stride if you dont care. I know that works for 24bpp images, unaware if it works for others.

You can use System.Windows.Media.Imaging in PresentationCore Assembly take a look at here for more information

Load a bitmap from file in RGB format (without alpha)

i simply want to load a .BMP file and get the Bitmap object in 24bit RGB format (or 32bit in RGB format).
All methods I tried return a Bitmap/Image object with PixelFormat = Format32bppArgb. Even if of course BMPs don't have alpha.
new Bitmap(System.Drawing.Image.FromFile(fileName, true));
new Bitmap(fileName);
I currently solve the problem by copying the first object to another in memory bitmap at 24bit RBG.
Is there a single method to do it?
Thanks

As far as I can tell it is not possible to specify the PixelFormat for loading bitmaps using the classes in System.Drawing. To convert the bitmap check this question: Converting Bitmap PixelFormats in C#
This is currently the top answer there:
Bitmap orig = new Bitmap(#"c:\temp\24bpp.bmp");
Bitmap clone = new Bitmap(orig.Width, orig.Height, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppPArgb);
using (Graphics gr = Graphics.FromImage(clone)) {
gr.DrawImage(orig, new Rectangle(0, 0, clone.Width, clone.Height));
}
// Dispose orig as necessary..
One option would be to put that in a function which takes a filename and PixelFormat. That hides the ugly code, which has its ups and downs since it also hides the fact it is probably not that efficient.
According to the linked SO question using the Clone method not always works.

You can clone it to a RGB format one:
var bitmapInRgbFormat = loadedBitmap.Clone(new Rectangle(0, 0, loadedBitmap.Width, loadedBitmap.Height), PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb)

Exactly what do you mean by copying the first object to another?
To achieve what you want to do, meaning loading an image and converting it to 24 bit, just get the graphics context of a second bitmap that matches the size and that is RGB, and paint the original bitmap onto this one.

8bpp Bitmap format on the Compact Framework

I am messing around with Conway's Game of Life - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life
I started out coding algorithmns for winforms and now want to port my work onto windows mobile 6.1 (compact framework). I came across an article by Jon Skeet where he compared several different algorithmns for calculating next generations in the game. He used an array of bytes to store a cells state (alive or dead) and then he would copy this array to an 8bpp bitmap. For each new generation, he works out the state of each byte, then copies the array to a bitmap, then draws that bitmap to a picturebox.
void CreateInitialImage()
{
bitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height, PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed);
ColorPalette palette = bitmap.Palette;
palette.Entries[0] = Color.Black;
palette.Entries[1] = Color.White;
bitmap.Palette = palette;
}
public Image Render()
{
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, Width, Height);
BitmapData bmpData = bitmap.LockBits(rect, ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, bitmap.PixelFormat);
Marshal.Copy(Data, 0, bmpData.Scan0, Data.Length);
bitmap.UnlockBits(bmpData);
return bitmap;
}
His code above is beautifully simple and very fast to render. Jon is using Windows Forms but now I want to port my own version of this onto Windows Mobile 6.1 (Compact Framework) but . . . .there is no way to format a bitmap to 8bpp in the cf.
Can anyone suggest a way of rendering an array of bytes to a drawable image in the CF. This array is created in code on the fly (it is NOT loaded from an image file on disk). I basically need to store an array of cells represented by bytes, they are either alive or dead and I then need to draw that array as an image. The game is particularly slow on the CF so I need to implement clever optimised algoritmns but also need to render as fast as possible and the above solution would be pretty dam perfect if only it was available on the compact framework.
Many thanks for any help
Any suggestions?

You could have a look at GDI+ for CF. It's basically a wrapper for most of the GDI implemented in WinCE. Here's a link to the source code and a writeup: http://community.opennetcf.com/articles/cf/archive/2007/10/31/using-gdi-on-windows-mobile.aspx
I think ImagingFactoryClass.CreateBitmapFromBuffer() looks like a good place to start.

Ok, how about this:
use the Bitmap.Save() method to save to a MemoryStream instead of a file;
when you save to the MemoryStream, you get to name the ImageFormat as "GIF" (this is equivalent to 8bpp in .Net, according to this: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/318343)
use MemoryStream.Write() to change whatever data you want in the image, or copy the data using MemoryStream.ToArray() if that jives better.
After you change the MemoryStream, you'll probably have to copy it back into the Bitmap, or make a new Bitmap. If you do make a new Bitmap, be sure to Dispose() the old one, to avoid memory leaks.

Hi Rocjoe and thanks again for the help, I have tried the following
Image bmp = new Bitmap(10, 10);
byte[] array = ImageToByteArray(bmp);
public byte[] ImageToByteArray(Image img)
{
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
img.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif );
return ms.ToArray();
}
The array coming back has over 870 bytes in it, It seems to hold all sorts of header info, padding and what have you. so again it does not work...