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Impersonate Access Token with Backup And Restore Privilege for Copying File Across Domain

Computer A is on Domain A
Computer B is on Domain B
Domain A and Domain B have a trust allowing Accounts to connect to the other domain's computers
Account A is Admin on Computer A and has Backup&Restore Privileges
Account B is Admin on Computer B and has Backup&Restore Privileges
Account A IS NOT Admin on Computer B and does not have Backup&Restore Privileges
Account B IS NOT Admin on Computer A and does not have Backup&Restore Privileges
A person owns both Account A and Account B.
They want to copy a file from Computer A to Computer B.
They wish to copy this file from and into a folder they do not have permissions for. Therefore, they must both enable Backup&Restore Privileges on their Access Token they got from LogonUser
It is not allowed to change the DACL to grant these permissions on any folders or files and instead both Account A and Account B must enable B&R privileges which is recognized by the Computer, only then will they be able to copy the file without Access Denied.
The problem is I have tried using NETWORK, INTERACTIVE, and NEW_CREDENTIALS Access Tokens and enabling privileges on them, but only NETWORK contains the privileges and they are already enabled by default. Then when I try to WindowsIdentity.Impersonate the NETWORK token and then call "CreateFile" to open the file with privileges, it fails and returns an invalid file handle of -1. I can use INTERACTIVE to read an unrestricted file but it didn't have Access Token Privileges needed ( SeBackupPrivilege & SeRestorePrivilege ) when it was returned from LogonUser. I assume once Impersonate happens it generates a Token that "might" have those privileges, but I assume that's based on the machine the code is running on.
Is there a way to Impersonate Access Token -> Enable Access Token B&R Privileges on the remote computers they would have normally when at that machine running as administrator which could be enabled.
OR
Is there a way to use the NETWORK Token with Impersonation to successfully copy the file from Computer on Domain A to Computer on Domain B. If I run the program as Account B who isn't admin trying to impersonate Account A with network credential, it appears to not work on impersonation
Below is demo code in a Console Application that emulates the situation. You must change parts of it to test it accordingly:
You must create the file paths and the file to be read.
You must edit permissions on "DENYTHEIMPERSONATINGUSERHERE" folder so the impersonating user account is denied and must use privileges.
You must enter an actual account credentials to get an AccessToken.
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//Credentials of Account A
string usernameA = "AccountA";
string DomainA = "DomainA.com";
SecureString passwordA = new SecureString();
passwordA.AppendChar('P');
passwordA.AppendChar('W');
passwordA.AppendChar('D');
passwordA.AppendChar('A');
IntPtr AccessToken = IntPtr.Zero;
//Getting Network Access Token. (Network is an Impersonation Token, most other types are returned as Primary Tokens)
AccessTokenHelper.LOGON32_LOGONERROR lgnCode = AccessTokenHelper.GetAccessToken(DomainA, usernameA, passwordA, AccessTokenHelper.LOGON32_LOGONTYPE.LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK, AccessTokenHelper.LOGON32_LOGONPROVIDER.LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50, out AccessToken);
/*
//Getting INTERACTIVE Access Token. (returns Primary Token)
//Impersonation will work but won't have enabled privileges so will error when trying to write file.
AccessTokenHelper.LOGON32_LOGONERROR lgnCode = AccessTokenHelper.GetAccessToken(DomainA, usernameA, passwordA, AccessTokenHelper.LOGON32_LOGONTYPE.LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE, AccessTokenHelper.LOGON32_LOGONPROVIDER.LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50, out AccessToken);
*/
if(AccessToken == IntPtr.Zero || AccessToken.ToInt32() == -1)
{
//Not valid creds
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(lgnCode.ToString());
return;
}
//Enable Token Security Privileges
AccessTokenHelper.ElevateSecurityPrivileges(AccessToken);
//List Enabled Token Privileges
List<string> tokenEnabledPrivileges = AccessTokenHelper.ListEnabledPrivileges(AccessToken);
foreach(string s in tokenEnabledPrivileges)
{
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(s);
}
string sourceFile = #"C:\Temp\Test1\TestData.txt";
string destFile = #"C:\Temp\Test1\DENYTHEIMPERSONATINGUSERHERE\PrivCopy.txt";
bool bCopied = PrivilegedEnterpriseCopyFile(sourceFile, destFile, AccessToken, AccessToken);
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("DID THE COPY WORK? " + bCopied.ToString().ToUpper());
}
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr CreateFile(
string lpFileName,
uint dwDesiredAccess,
OPENFILE_SHAREACCESS dwShareMode, //If you are reading folders you better have OPENFILE_SHAREACCESS.FILE_SHARE_READ
IntPtr SecurityAttributes,
uint dwCreationDisposition,
uint dwFlagsAndAttributes,
IntPtr hTemplateFile
);
private enum OPENFILE_SHAREACCESS : uint
{
NO_SHARING = 0x00000000,
FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001,
FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002,
FILE_SHARE_DELETE = 0x00000004
};
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool GetFileSizeEx(IntPtr hFile, out long lpFileSize);
/// <summary>
/// Goal: Enterprise Level Copy.... can copy file data between remote machines between domains.
/// </summary>
public static bool PrivilegedEnterpriseCopyFile(string sourceAbsoluteFileName, string destAbsoluteFileName, IntPtr sourceAccessToken, IntPtr destAccessToken, bool bOverwrite = false)
{
const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000; //If you are writing to a file, best allow both READ and WRITE because Windows Performance suffers without.
const uint CREATE_ALWAYS = 2; //Create and overwrite if necesarry
const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3; //Open only if exists
const uint FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS = 0x02000000; //This makes it take enabled Backup&Restore privileges into account
const uint FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN = 0x08000000; //This helps speed up reading.
const uint FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH = 0x80000000; //This helps speed up writing!
//We pick a value that is the largest multiple of 4096 that is still smaller than the large object heap threshold (85K).
// The CopyTo/CopyToAsync buffer is short-lived and is likely to be collected at Gen0, and it offers a significant
// improvement in Copy performance.
const int DefaultCopyBufferSize = 81920; //80kb
bool bSuccess = false;
//Get File Ptr Handles. DO NOT ALLOW DELETE ON SOURCE OR DEST WHILE THIS IS HAPPENING.
//Get the file pointer by using an access token with access.
IntPtr pSource = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr pDest = IntPtr.Zero;
//As source user, connect for optimized READING
using (WindowsImpersonationContext impersonatedUser = WindowsIdentity.Impersonate(sourceAccessToken))
{
pSource = CreateFile(sourceAbsoluteFileName, GENERIC_READ, OPENFILE_SHAREACCESS.FILE_SHARE_READ,
IntPtr.Zero, OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN, IntPtr.Zero);
}
if (pSource == IntPtr.Zero || pSource.ToInt32() == -1)
{
//Failed to get Source, return false
return bSuccess;
}
//Get Dest Path
string DestPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(destAbsoluteFileName);
string DestFileName = Path.GetFileName(destAbsoluteFileName);
//As dest user
using (WindowsImpersonationContext impersonatedUser = WindowsIdentity.Impersonate(destAccessToken))
{
try
{
bool bProceed = true;
if (!bOverwrite)
{
//We don't want to overwrite existing file, ensure it doesn't exist.
List<string> files = Directory.EnumerateFiles(DestPath).ToList();
if (files.Any(s => s.Equals(DestFileName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
{
//File exists, do not proceed
bProceed = false;
}
}
//Do we proceed?
if (bProceed)
{
//Create/Overwrite existing File
pDest = CreateFile(destAbsoluteFileName, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, OPENFILE_SHAREACCESS.NO_SHARING,
IntPtr.Zero, CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH, IntPtr.Zero);
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
//If we successfully have both File Handles, we can proceed with Reading from source and writing to Dest.
//If valid file pointers!!!
if (pSource != IntPtr.Zero && pSource.ToInt32() != -1 &&
pDest != IntPtr.Zero && pDest.ToInt32() != -1)
{
//Put Handle into more supported SafeFileHandle Ptr.
SafeFileHandle safeSourcePtr = new SafeFileHandle(pSource, false); //We will close handle manually
SafeFileHandle safeDestPtr = new SafeFileHandle(pDest, false); //We will close handle manually
try
{
using (FileStream fsSource = new FileStream(safeSourcePtr, FileAccess.Read, DefaultCopyBufferSize))
{
using (FileStream fsDest = new FileStream(safeDestPtr, FileAccess.ReadWrite, DefaultCopyBufferSize))
{
//Here we read X bytes up to limit from fsSource and write to fsDest, until no more bytes!
// Read the source file into a byte array.
byte[] buffer = new byte[DefaultCopyBufferSize];
int bytesRead = -1;
while ((bytesRead = fsSource.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)
{
fsDest.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
//Force data to be flushed to harddisk.
fsDest.Flush(true);
}
}
}
catch { }
//Compare File Size to know if we successfully wrote bytes to destination!
//We'll assume it'd error out if it didn't.
GetFileSizeEx(pSource, out long sourceSize);
GetFileSizeEx(pDest, out long destSize);
if (sourceSize == destSize)
{
//consider it a success
bSuccess = true;
}
}
if (pSource != IntPtr.Zero && pSource.ToInt32() != -1)
{
//Close file handle manually
CloseHandle(pSource);
}
if (pDest != IntPtr.Zero && pDest.ToInt32() != -1)
{
//Close file handle manually
CloseHandle(pDest);
}
return bSuccess;
}
}
public class AccessTokenHelper
{
public enum LOGON32_LOGONTYPE : int
{
LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = 2,
LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK = 3,
LOGON32_LOGON_BATCH = 4,
LOGON32_LOGON_SERVICE = 5,
LOGON32_LOGON_UNLOCK = 7,
LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK_CLEARTEXT = 8,
LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS = 9,
};
public enum LOGON32_LOGONPROVIDER : int
{
LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = 0,
LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT40 = 2,
LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50 = 3,
};
public enum LOGON32_LOGONERROR : int
{
ERROR_SUCCESS = 0,
ERROR_NO_LOGON_SERVERS = 1311,
ERROR_INVALID_ACCOUNT_NAME = 1315,
ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE = 1326,
ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION = 1327,
ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS = 1328,
ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION_LOGONDENIED = 1329,
ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED = 1330,
ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED = 1331,
ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_TYPE = 1367,
ERROR_LOGON_NOT_GRANTED = 1380,
ERROR_NETLOGON_NOT_STARTED = 1792,
ERROR_ACCOUNT_EXPIRED = 1793,
ERROR_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE = 1907,
ERROR_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT = 1909,
};
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private extern static bool LogonUser(string username, string domain, IntPtr password, LOGON32_LOGONTYPE logonType, LOGON32_LOGONPROVIDER logonProvider, out IntPtr token);
/// <summary>
/// Attempts to create Access token from information given.
/// </summary>
public static LOGON32_LOGONERROR GetAccessToken(string domain, string username, SecureString securepassword, LOGON32_LOGONTYPE eLOGONTYPE, LOGON32_LOGONPROVIDER eLOGONPROVIDER, out IntPtr token)
{
token = IntPtr.Zero;
// Marshal the SecureString to unmanaged memory. I hate doing this but it's currently most secure way offered by Microsoft to get Access Token from Credentials.
IntPtr passwordPtr = Marshal.SecureStringToGlobalAllocUnicode(securepassword);
bool bSuccess = LogonUser(username,
domain,
passwordPtr,
eLOGONTYPE,
eLOGONPROVIDER,
out token);
//return the error code, useful if not successful.
int errResult = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
// Zero-out and free the unmanaged string reference.
Marshal.ZeroFreeGlobalAllocUnicode(passwordPtr);
return (LOGON32_LOGONERROR)errResult;
}
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool LookupPrivilegeName(string lpSystemName, IntPtr lpLuid, StringBuilder lpName, ref int cchName);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool LookupPrivilegeDisplayName(string systemName, string privilegeName, StringBuilder displayName, ref int cchDisplayName, out uint languageId);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool LookupPrivilegeValue(string lpSystemName, string lpName, out long lpLuid);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool AdjustTokenPrivileges(
IntPtr TokenHandle,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]bool DisableAllPrivileges,
ref TOKEN_PRIVILEGES NewState,
uint prevStateBuffer,
IntPtr prevStateNA,
IntPtr prevBufferNA);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool GetTokenInformation(
IntPtr hToken,
uint TokenInformationClass,
IntPtr TokenInformation,
int TokenInformationLength,
out int ReturnLength);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct LUID
{
public uint LowPart;
public uint HighPart;
};
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
{
public LUID Luid;
public uint Attributes;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
{
public int PrivilegeCount;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 1)]
public LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES[] Privileges;
};
[Flags]
public enum SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE : uint
{
SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED = 0x00,
SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT = 0x01,
SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = 0x02,
SE_PRIVILEGE_REMOVED = 0x04,
SE_PRIVILEGE_USED_FOR_ACCESS = 0x80000000
};
/// <summary>
/// Will elevate Backup and Restore Privileges of Access Token (be it Primary Type or Impersonation Type) if Access Token has Privilege
/// 1) SeBackupPrivilege -- this grants read access regardless of DACL entries.
/// 2) SeRestorePrivilege -- this grants write access regardless of DACL entries.
/// 3) SeSecurityPrivilege -- this grants access to SACL for audits/security log.
/// </summary>
public static void ElevateSecurityPrivileges(IntPtr hToken, bool bEnabled = true)
{
SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE privSTATE = bEnabled ? SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE.SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED : SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE.SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED;
List<string> SecurityPrivNames = new List<string>() { "SeBackupPrivilege", "SeRestorePrivilege", "SeSecurityPrivilege" };
if (hToken != IntPtr.Zero)
{
AdjustAccessTokenPrivileges(hToken, SecurityPrivNames, privSTATE);
}
}
public static void AdjustAccessTokenPrivileges(IntPtr TokenHandle, List<string> PrivilegeNames, SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE eNewPrivilegeState, string remoteMachineName = null)
{
if (TokenHandle != IntPtr.Zero && PrivilegeNames != null && PrivilegeNames.Count > 0)
{
DataTable privDT = GetAccessTokenPrivilegesAsDataTable(TokenHandle, remoteMachineName);
if (privDT != null && privDT.Rows.Count > 0)
{
//If we have privileges, try to set state!
foreach (string privName in PrivilegeNames)
{
DataRow row = privDT.Select(string.Format("[{0}]='{1}'", privDT.Columns[1].ColumnName, privName)).FirstOrDefault();
if (row != null)
{
UpdateExistingTokenPrivilege(TokenHandle, row.Field<LUID>(0), eNewPrivilegeState);
}
}
}
}
}
private static bool UpdateExistingTokenPrivilege(IntPtr tokenHandle, LUID privLuid, SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE eNewPrivilegeState)
{
//Create our updated tokenPriv to send what privs we want updated.
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tokenPrivs = new TOKEN_PRIVILEGES();
tokenPrivs.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tokenPrivs.Privileges = new LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES[] { new LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES() { Luid = privLuid, Attributes = (uint)eNewPrivilegeState } };
//Adjust Token Privilege!
bool bSuccess = AdjustTokenPrivileges(tokenHandle, false, ref tokenPrivs, 0, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
//Return result of trying to adjust token privilege.
return bSuccess;
}
public static DataTable GetAccessTokenPrivilegesAsDataTable(IntPtr TokenHandle, string remoteMachineName = null)
{
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tokenPrivData = GetAccessTokenPrivileges(TokenHandle);
DataTable privDT = new DataTable();
privDT.Columns.Add("PrivilegeLUID", typeof(LUID));
privDT.Columns.Add("PrivilegeName");
privDT.Columns.Add("PrivilegeState", typeof(SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE));
foreach (LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES privData in tokenPrivData.Privileges)
{
string PrivilegeName = LookupPrivilegeName(privData.Luid, remoteMachineName);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PrivilegeName))
{
DataRow row = privDT.NewRow();
row[0] = privData.Luid;
row[1] = PrivilegeName;
row[2] = (SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE)privData.Attributes;
//Add Row
privDT.Rows.Add(row);
}
}
return privDT;
}
private static TOKEN_PRIVILEGES GetAccessTokenPrivileges(IntPtr TokenHandle)
{
uint TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS_TokenPrivileges = 3;
if (TokenHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
int nBufferSize = 0;
bool TokenInfoResult;
//First call is to get buffer size!
TokenInfoResult = GetTokenInformation(TokenHandle, TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS_TokenPrivileges, IntPtr.Zero, nBufferSize, out nBufferSize);
//Allocate Token Info correctly.
IntPtr pTokenInfo = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(nBufferSize);
//Get our Token Info Data
TokenInfoResult = GetTokenInformation(TokenHandle, TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS_TokenPrivileges, pTokenInfo, nBufferSize, out nBufferSize);
if (TokenInfoResult)
{
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES returnedPrivilegeSet = (TOKEN_PRIVILEGES)Marshal.PtrToStructure(pTokenInfo, typeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES));
int PrivilegeCount = returnedPrivilegeSet.PrivilegeCount;
//lets create the array we should have had returned in the first place
LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES[] AllPrivs = new LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES[PrivilegeCount]; //initialize an array to the right size, including 0!
if (PrivilegeCount > 0)
{
LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES currentPriv = new LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES();
//pPrivileges will hold our new location to read from by taking the last pointer plus the size of the last structure read
IntPtr pPrivilege = new IntPtr(pTokenInfo.ToInt32() + sizeof(int)); //pointer math, we point to the first element of Privileges array in the struct.
currentPriv = (LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES)Marshal.PtrToStructure(pPrivilege, typeof(LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES)); //Get Privilege from pointer
AllPrivs[0] = currentPriv; //We'll add the first element to our array.
//After getting our first structure we can loop through the rest since they will all be the same
for (int i = 1; i < PrivilegeCount; ++i)
{
pPrivilege = new IntPtr(pPrivilege.ToInt32() + Marshal.SizeOf(currentPriv)); //This will point to the next Privilege element in the array
currentPriv = (LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES)Marshal.PtrToStructure(pPrivilege, typeof(LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES)); //Get Privilege from pointer
AllPrivs[i] = currentPriv; //Add element to the array
}
}
//Create our complete struct of TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES completePrivilegeSet = new TOKEN_PRIVILEGES();
completePrivilegeSet.PrivilegeCount = PrivilegeCount;
completePrivilegeSet.Privileges = AllPrivs;
//We can get release all the pointers now, we got what we wanted!
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pTokenInfo); //Free up the reserved space in unmanaged memory (Should be done any time AllocHGlobal is used)
//Return our completePrivilegeSet!
return completePrivilegeSet;
}
}
return new TOKEN_PRIVILEGES() { PrivilegeCount = 0, Privileges = new LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES[] { } };
}
private static string LookupPrivilegeName(LUID privLuid, string remoteMachineName = null)
{
string PrivilegeName = null;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int cchName = 0; //Holds the length of structure we will be receiving LookupPrivilagename
IntPtr ipLuid = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(privLuid)); //Allocate a block of memory large enough to hold the structure
Marshal.StructureToPtr(privLuid, ipLuid, true); //Write the structure into the reserved space in unmanaged memory
LookupPrivilegeName(remoteMachineName, ipLuid, null, ref cchName); // call once to get the name length we will be receiving
sb.Capacity = cchName; //Our string builder is buffered for the name!
if (LookupPrivilegeName(remoteMachineName, ipLuid, sb, ref cchName))
{
// Successfully retrieved name!
PrivilegeName = sb.ToString();
}
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ipLuid); //Free up the reserved space in unmanaged memory
return PrivilegeName;
}
public static List<string> ListEnabledPrivileges(IntPtr TokenHandle, string remoteMachineName = null)
{
List<string> enabledPrivs = null;
DataTable dt = GetAccessTokenPrivilegesAsDataTable(TokenHandle, remoteMachineName);
if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count > 0)
{
uint nEnabled = (uint)SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE.SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
uint nEnabledAndDefault = (uint)(SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE.SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT | SE_PRIVILEGE_STATE.SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED);
string query = string.Format("[{0}] IN ( {1}, {2} )"
, dt.Columns[2].ColumnName
, nEnabled
, nEnabledAndDefault);
IEnumerable<DataRow> rows = dt.Select(query);
if (rows != null && rows.Count() > 0)
{
enabledPrivs = dt.Select(query).Select(r => r.Field<string>(1)).ToList();
}
}
return enabledPrivs;
}
}

So after much research it turns out this is locked down in Windows. Unless the current process token has SeTcbPrivilege (Act as Part of Operating System) and it's enabled, you cannot get an unrestricted/elevated token when deciding to impersonate from a non-elevated token.
Also if you then try to get the LinkedToken/Unrestricted Token of an Access Token but do not have the SeTcbPrivilege enabled, you will end up with a Token that has a SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL of SecurityIdentification which cannot be used for impersonation. Without SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL being SecurityImpersonation (Local Access) or SecurityDelegation (Local+Remote Access), you cannot impersonate the Unrestricted Access Token and will result in failure with LastError being ERROR_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (Either a required impersonation level was not provided, or the provided impersonation level is invalid).
This means if you do not have SeTcbPrivilege and it is not enable on the token, it is required to have an elevated process token (ex. Run As Admin was used to start the program manually or forcefully via requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator") then Windows will not strip the privileges on Access Token when you decide to impersonate the Access Token.
By using a local administrator account that runs the program as administrator, and then using domain account credentials that are an admin on another machine to get an access token using the params of LOGON32_LOGONTYPE.LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS and LOGON32_LOGONPROVIDER.LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50. It is then possible to elevate privileges on the NEWCRED token, impersonate the NEWCRED token which will not strip away the privileges, and have it successfully connect to another computer and read from a file and write to a file on another computer to which it has no permissions or is even explicitly denied, proving it was using the token backup and restore privileges!
Helpful Sources:
how do i convert restricted user token to unrestricted one?
How to call LogonUser() to get a non-restricted full token inside a Windows Service with UAC enabled?

How can i remotely access the windows services of a remote host in workgroup computers?

I am writing an application which is used to manipulate the windows services. My computer is in a workgroup. But i couldn't get access to the machine. I've tried Impersonation using LogonUser(). But is not working. I am able to manipulate using Remote Desktop connection, however i couldn't access programatically.
ImpersonateUser ImpersonatedUser = new ImpersonateUser();
ImpersonatedUser.Impersonate(Domain, Username, password);
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("servicename", host_name);
Console.WriteLine("Success.");
//impersonation.
public class ImpersonateUser
{
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool LogonUser(
String lpszUsername,
String lpszDomain,
String lpszPassword,
int dwLogonType,
int dwLogonProvider,
ref IntPtr phToken);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public extern static bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);
private static IntPtr tokenHandle = new IntPtr(0);
private static WindowsImpersonationContext impersonatedUser;
// If you incorporate this code into a DLL, be sure to demand that it
// runs with FullTrust.
[PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Name = "FullTrust")]
public void Impersonate(string domainName, string userName, string password)
{
//try
{
// Use the unmanaged LogonUser function to get the user token for
// the specified user, domain, and password.
const int LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = 0;
// Passing this parameter causes LogonUser to create a primary token.
const int LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = 2;
tokenHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
// ---- Step - 1
// Call LogonUser to obtain a handle to an access token.
bool returnValue = LogonUser(
userName,
domainName,
password,
LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE,
LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT,
ref tokenHandle); // tokenHandle - new security token
if (false == returnValue)
{
int ret = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(ret);
}
// ---- Step - 2
WindowsIdentity newId = new WindowsIdentity(tokenHandle);
// ---- Step - 3
{
impersonatedUser = newId.Impersonate();
}
}
}
// Stops impersonation
public void Undo()
{
impersonatedUser.Undo();
// Free the tokens.
if (tokenHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
CloseHandle(tokenHandle);
}
}
}

I've found that we cannot impersonate the user on workgroup computer. though we impersonate, WorkGrooup computer force the user to be guest. Thus, if we want to login as the user we need to change the registry value forceguest=0

Still getting duplicate token error after calling DuplicateTokenEx for impersonated token

I'm trying to return a Sytem.IntPtr from a service call so that the client can use impersonation to call some code. My imersonation code works properly if not passing the token back from a WCF service. I'm not sure why this is not working. I get the following error:
"Invalid token for impersonation - it cannot be duplicated."
Here is my code that does work except when I try to pass the token back from a service to a WinForm C# client to then impersonate.
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "DuplicateTokenEx")]
public extern static bool DuplicateTokenEx(IntPtr ExistingTokenHandle, uint dwDesiredAccess, ref SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes, int TokenType, int ImpersonationLevel, ref IntPtr DuplicateTokenHandle);
private IntPtr tokenHandle = new IntPtr(0);
private IntPtr dupeTokenHandle = new IntPtr(0);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
{
public int Length;
public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
public bool bInheritHandle;
}
public enum SecurityImpersonationLevel
{
SecurityAnonymous = 0,
SecurityIdentification = 1,
SecurityImpersonation = 2,
SecurityDelegation = 3
}
public enum TokenType
{
TokenPrimary = 1,
TokenImpersonation = 2
}
private const int MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x2000000;
[PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Name = "FullTrust")]
public System.IntPtr GetWindowsUserToken(string UserName, string Password, string DomainName)
{
IntPtr tokenHandle = new IntPtr(0);
IntPtr dupTokenHandle = new IntPtr(0);
const int LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = 0;
//This parameter causes LogonUser to create a primary token.
const int LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = 2;
//Initialize the token handle
tokenHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
//Call LogonUser to obtain a handle to an access token for credentials supplied.
bool returnValue = LogonUser(UserName, DomainName, Password, LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE, LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT, ref tokenHandle);
//Make sure a token was returned; if no populate the ResultCode and throw an exception:
int ResultCode = 0;
if (false == returnValue)
{
ResultCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(ResultCode, "API call to LogonUser failed with error code : " + ResultCode);
}
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa = new SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES();
sa.bInheritHandle = true;
sa.Length = Marshal.SizeOf(sa);
sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = (IntPtr)0;
bool dupReturnValue = DuplicateTokenEx(tokenHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, ref sa, (int)SecurityImpersonationLevel.SecurityDelegation, (int)TokenType.TokenImpersonation, ref dupTokenHandle);
int ResultCodeDup = 0;
if (false == dupReturnValue)
{
ResultCodeDup = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(ResultCode, "API call to DuplicateToken failed with error code : " + ResultCode);
}
//Return the user token
return dupTokenHandle;
}
Any idea if I'm not using the call to DuplicateTokenEx correctly? According to the MSDN documentation I read here I should be able to create a token valid for delegation and use across the context on remote systems. When 'SecurityDelegation' is used, the server process can impersonate the client's security context on remote systems.
Thanks!

You are using the value TokenAccessLevels.MaximumAllowed as if it was the maximum privileges allowed, that means: as if it would give you all permissions...
...but that is not the case.
TokanAccesslevels.MaximumAllowed has a value of 0x02000000, which is the maximum value that thae enumeration can grow to at any time, a reference for future implementations.
Please, see this page for the actual implementation of the enum.
For your code to work you need to set the desired access levels one by one via bitwise operations.
The code will certainly run if you substitute MAXIMUM_ALLOWED for
(uint)(TokenAccessLevels.Query | TokenAccessLevels.Duplicate | TokenAccessLevels.Impersonate)
in the PInvoke call for the DuplicateTokenEx function.
I know that you don't have the problem anymore, but that can help other people and, after all, you may run into the same problem again... ;)

C# Service Status On Remote Machine

I'm an expert programmer, so therefore, I don't have a clue as to WTH I'm doing :)
On a serious note; no, I'm not expert by any means. I do have a problem though, and don't know how to fix it. The good thing is, I (think I) know what the problem is, and I'm hoping someone here can help.
Here's the synopsis of the problem. I am creating a form in C# that will do some server and database administration task for me. I have a button that when clicked is supposed to return the service status of "x" service on "y" server. The status is printed on the screen to a textbox.
Here's my code:
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string fs = "Service X Status = ";
string mr = "Service A Status = ";
string qp = "Service B Status = ";
string sp = "Spooler Service Status = ";
ServiceController fssc = new ServiceController("xService", "yServer");
ServiceController mrsc = new ServiceController("aService", "yServer");
ServiceController qpsc = new ServiceController("bService", "yServer");
ServiceController spsc = new ServiceController("Spooler", "yServer");
try
{
txtGtwySts.AppendText(sp + spsc.Status.ToString());
txtGtwySts.AppendText(Environment.NewLine);
txtGtwySts.AppendText(fs + fssc.Status.ToString());
txtGtwySts.AppendText(Environment.NewLine);
txtGtwySts.AppendText(mr + mrsc.Status.ToString());
txtGtwySts.AppendText(Environment.NewLine);
txtGtwySts.AppendText(qp + qpsc.Status.ToString());
}
catch (Exception crap)
{
string msg = "";
int i;
for (i = 0; i < crap.Message.Count(); i++)
{
msg += "Error # " + i + " Message: " + crap.Message + "\n";
}
MessageBox.Show(msg);
MessageBox.Show(i.ToString());
}
}
I get exceptions, basically saying: Cannot Open "Service" on "Server." Since this is a remote server, I'm assuming this is a credential/security problem. I do NOT, however, have any problems with the Spooler service.
My question is...How can I pass userID and password to this server so that it will authenticate or runas so I can check the status of these services, it that is the problem. If someone doesnt think its the problem, then please inform me where I've went wrong :)

Finally figured it out...
Created a new class, and is shown below:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.Permissions;
public class ImpersonateUser
{
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool LogonUser(
String lpszUsername,
String lpszDomain,
String lpszPassword,
int dwLogonType,
int dwLogonProvider,
ref IntPtr phToken);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public extern static bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);
private static IntPtr tokenHandle = new IntPtr(0);
private static WindowsImpersonationContext impersonatedUser;
// If you incorporate this code into a DLL, be sure to demand that it
// runs with FullTrust.
[PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Name = "FullTrust")]
public void Impersonate(string domainName, string userName, string password)
{
//try
{
// Use the unmanaged LogonUser function to get the user token for
// the specified user, domain, and password.
const int LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = 0;
// Passing this parameter causes LogonUser to create a primary token.
const int LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = 2;
tokenHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
// ---- Step - 1
// Call LogonUser to obtain a handle to an access token.
bool returnValue = LogonUser(
userName,
domainName,
password,
LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE,
LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT,
ref tokenHandle); // tokenHandle - new security token
if (false == returnValue)
{
int ret = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(ret);
}
// ---- Step - 2
WindowsIdentity newId = new WindowsIdentity(tokenHandle);
// ---- Step - 3
{
impersonatedUser = newId.Impersonate();
}
}
}
// Stops impersonation
public void Undo()
{
impersonatedUser.Undo();
// Free the tokens.
if (tokenHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
CloseHandle(tokenHandle);
}
}
}
}
and the original code that I posted is wrapped by:
ImpersonateUser iu = new ImpersonateUser();
iu.Impersonate("[domain]","[username]","[password]");
// code you want to execute as impersonated user.....
iu.Undo();

How to use LogonUser properly to impersonate domain user from workgroup client

ASP.NET: Impersonate against a domain on VMWare
This question is what I am asking, but the answer does not provide details on how the _token is derived. It seems to only use WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Token so there's no impersonation happening.
Can I impersonate a user on a different Active Directory domain in .NET?
This next question has conflicting answers, with the accepted one bearing a comment "I'm beginning to suspect that my problem lies elsewhere." Not helpful.
LogonUser works only for my domain
This next question seems to imply it is not possible, but it deals with 2 domains so I am not sure if it is relevant.
My real question is:
Is it possible? And if so,
How? or Where did I go wrong?
What I have tried so far is, using the code from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/chf6fbt4%28v=VS.80%29.aspx
bool returnValue = LogonUser(user, domain, password,
LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK, LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT,
ref tokenHandle);
// after this point, returnValue = false
The Win32 error is
Logon failure: unknown user name or bad password

Very few posts suggest using LOGON_TYPE_NEW_CREDENTIALS instead of LOGON_TYPE_NETWORK or LOGON_TYPE_INTERACTIVE. I had an impersonation issue with one machine connected to a domain and one not, and this fixed it.
The last code snippet in this post suggests that impersonating across a forest does work, but it doesn't specifically say anything about trust being set up. So this may be worth trying:
const int LOGON_TYPE_NEW_CREDENTIALS = 9;
const int LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50 = 3;
bool returnValue = LogonUser(user, domain, password,
LOGON_TYPE_NEW_CREDENTIALS, LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50,
ref tokenHandle);
MSDN says that LOGON_TYPE_NEW_CREDENTIALS only works when using LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50.

this works for me, full working example (I wish more people would do this):
//logon impersonation
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; // DllImport
using System.Security.Principal; // WindowsImpersonationContext
using System.Security.Permissions; // PermissionSetAttribute
...
class Program {
// obtains user token
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool LogonUser(string pszUsername, string pszDomain, string pszPassword,
int dwLogonType, int dwLogonProvider, ref IntPtr phToken);
// closes open handes returned by LogonUser
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public extern static bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);
public void DoWorkUnderImpersonation() {
//elevate privileges before doing file copy to handle domain security
WindowsImpersonationContext impersonationContext = null;
IntPtr userHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
const int LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = 0;
const int LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = 2;
string domain = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ImpersonationDomain"];
string user = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ImpersonationUser"];
string password = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ImpersonationPassword"];
try {
Console.WriteLine("windows identify before impersonation: " + WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name);
// if domain name was blank, assume local machine
if (domain == "")
domain = System.Environment.MachineName;
// Call LogonUser to get a token for the user
bool loggedOn = LogonUser(user,
domain,
password,
LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE,
LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT,
ref userHandle);
if (!loggedOn) {
Console.WriteLine("Exception impersonating user, error code: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
return;
}
// Begin impersonating the user
impersonationContext = WindowsIdentity.Impersonate(userHandle);
Console.WriteLine("Main() windows identify after impersonation: " + WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name);
//run the program with elevated privileges (like file copying from a domain server)
DoWork();
} catch (Exception ex) {
Console.WriteLine("Exception impersonating user: " + ex.Message);
} finally {
// Clean up
if (impersonationContext != null) {
impersonationContext.Undo();
}
if (userHandle != IntPtr.Zero) {
CloseHandle(userHandle);
}
}
}
private void DoWork() {
//everything in here has elevated privileges
//example access files on a network share through e$
string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(#"\\domainserver\e$\images", "*.jpg");
}
}

I was having the same problem. Don't know if you've solved this or not, but what I was really trying to do was access a network share with AD credentials. WNetAddConnection2() is what you need to use in that case.

I have been successfull at impersonating users in another domain, but only with a trust set up between the 2 domains.
var token = IntPtr.Zero;
var result = LogonUser(userID, domain, password, LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE, LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT, ref token);
if (result)
{
return WindowsIdentity.Impersonate(token);
}

It's better to use a SecureString:
var password = new SecureString();
var phPassword phPassword = Marshal.SecureStringToGlobalAllocUnicode(password);
IntPtr phUserToken;
LogonUser(username, domain, phPassword, LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE, LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT, out phUserToken);
And:
Marshal.ZeroFreeGlobalAllocUnicode(phPassword);
password.Dispose();
Function definition:
private static extern bool LogonUser(
string pszUserName,
string pszDomain,
IntPtr pszPassword,
int dwLogonType,
int dwLogonProvider,
out IntPtr phToken);

Invalid login/password could be also related to issues in your DNS server - that's what happened to me and cost me good 5 hours of my life. See if you can specify ip address instead on domain name.

The problem I encountered was when my workstation was on one domain, but I needed to authenticate to a server on a different domain:
ERROR: "Exception impersonating user, error code: 1326"
SOLUTION: Added LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS as a fallback to Impersonate/LogonUser()
Impersonation.cs
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.Principal;
namespace TestDBAccess
{
public class Impersonation : IDisposable
{
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern bool LogonUser(String Username, String Domain, String Password, int LogonType, int LogonProvider, out IntPtr Token);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public extern static bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);
public const int LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = 0;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = 2;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK = 3;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_BATCH = 4;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_SERVICE = 5;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_UNLOCK = 7;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK_CLEARTEXT = 8;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS = 9;
private WindowsImpersonationContext impersonationContext = null;
private IntPtr userHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
public Impersonation(string user, string domain, string password)
{
// Extract domain/username from user string
string[] principal = user.Split('\\');
if (principal.Length == 2)
{
domain = principal[0];
user = principal[1];
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(domain))
domain = GetDefaultDomain();
// Call LogonUser to get a token for the user
bool loggedOn =
LogonUser(user, domain, password, LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE,
LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT, out userHandle);
if (!loggedOn)
{
int ierr = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (ierr == 1326)
{
loggedOn =
LogonUser(user, domain, password, LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS,
LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT, out userHandle);
}
if (!loggedOn)
throw new Exception("Exception impersonating user, error code: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
}
// Begin impersonating the user
impersonationContext = WindowsIdentity.Impersonate(userHandle);
}
public static string GetDefaultDomain ()
{
return System.Environment.UserDomainName;
}
public void Dispose()
{
// Clean up
if (impersonationContext != null)
impersonationContext.Undo();
if (userHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
CloseHandle(userHandle);
}
}
}
ExampleClient.cs
Impersonation Impersonation = null;
try
{
Impersonation = new Impersonation(username, null, password);
LogMsg("Attempting to connect to (" + dbInstance.instance + ")...");
using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connString))
{
connection.Open();
string sql = edtTestSql.Text;
LogMsg("Attempting to query (" + sql + ")...");
using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sql, connection))
{
using (SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader())
{
while (reader.Read())
LogMsg("next row: " + DumpRow(reader));
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogMsg(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (Impersonation != null)
Impersonation.Dispose();
}