I Have a problem with my search query that it doesnt select any values from the database when i iam using IQueryable<> in MVC.
My code look like this:
IQueryable<Invoice> res =
(from c in table
join i in tableX on c.attr equals i.Id
where c.attr== merchant
select i);
if (buyer > 0)
{
res = res.Where(i => i.Buyer.Msisdn == buyer);
}
if (send)
{
res =res.Where(i => i.Status == InvoiceStatus.Sent);
}
if (paid)
{
res= res.Where(i => i.Status == InvoiceStatus.Paid);
}
if (notBilled)
{
res = res.Where(i => i.Status == InvoiceStatus.Open);
}
if (startDate <= endDate)
{
res = res.Where(i => i.DateCreated >= startDate && i.DateCreated <= endDate);
}
return res.ToList();
if i dont set res = res.Where() and instead just have res.where() the query is selecting the values from the database. Can someone please make me understand why that is. I thought you need to store the query result in a variable.
The code you've posted looks to be the appropriate way to implement IQueryable.
res = res.Where(...)
basically tacks on additional where clause information until the query is executed at res.ToList();.
calling res.Where doesn't actually make changes to the res query.
You're likely just limiting your where clause too much and eliminating all records from the query.
Have you tried profiling the query to determine what is being queried?
I can tell you that if more than one of send, paid, or notbilled is true, that would immediately not allow any results to be returned from the query as they're all checking against the Status column - which could not possibly have more than one value.
EDIT
I don't know if this will help, but here's a fiddle going through some of the intricacies of IQueryable: https://dotnetfiddle.net/d70XKA
Here's the code from the fiddle:
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
Thingy t = new Thingy();
// Note execution is deferred until enumeration (in this case Count())
var allData = t.GetData();
Console.WriteLine("All Data count: {0}", allData.Count());
// Select only valid records from data set (should be 2)
var isValid = t.GetData();
isValid = isValid.Where(w => w.IsValid);
Console.WriteLine("IsValid count: {0}", isValid.Count());
// select only records with an ID greater than 1 (should be 2)
var gt1 = t.GetData();
gt1 = gt1.Where(w => w.Id > 1);
Console.WriteLine("gt 1 count: {0}", gt1.Count());
// Here we're combining in a single statement, IsValid and gt 1 (should be 1)
var isValidAndIdGt1 = t.GetData();
isValidAndIdGt1 = isValidAndIdGt1.Where(w => w.IsValid && w.Id > 1);
Console.WriteLine("IsValid and gt 1 count: {0}", isValidAndIdGt1.Count());
// This is the same query as the one directly above, just broken up (could perhaps be some if logic in there to determine if to add the second Where
// Note this is how you're doing it in your question (and it's perfectly valid (should be 1)
var isValidAndIdGt1Appended = t.GetData();
isValidAndIdGt1Appended = isValidAndIdGt1Appended.Where(w => w.IsValid);
isValidAndIdGt1Appended = isValidAndIdGt1Appended.Where(w => w.Id > 1);
Console.WriteLine("IsValid and gt 1 count w/ appended where: {0}", isValidAndIdGt1Appended.Count());
// This is the same query as the one directly above, but note we are executing the query twice
var isValidAndIdGt1AppendedTwice = t.GetData();
isValidAndIdGt1AppendedTwice = isValidAndIdGt1AppendedTwice.Where(w => w.IsValid);
Console.WriteLine("IsValid and gt 1 count w/ appended where executing twice: {0}", isValidAndIdGt1AppendedTwice.Count()); // 2 results are valid
isValidAndIdGt1AppendedTwice = isValidAndIdGt1AppendedTwice.Where(w => w.Id > 1);
Console.WriteLine("IsValid and gt 1 count w/ appended where executing twice: {0}", isValidAndIdGt1AppendedTwice.Count()); // 1 result is both valid and id gt 1
// This is one of the things you were asking about - note that without assigning the additional Where criteria to the Iqueryable, you do not get the results of the where clause, but the original query - in this case there are no appended where conditions on the t.GetData() call, so you get the full result set.
var notReallyValid = t.GetData();
notReallyValid.Where(w => w.Name == "this name definitly does not exist");
Console.WriteLine("where clause not correctly appended count: {0}", notReallyValid.Count());
// vs
var validUse = t.GetData();
validUse = validUse.Where(w => w.Name == "this name definitly does not exist");
Console.WriteLine("valid use count: {0}", validUse.Count());
}
}
public class Thingy
{
private List<Foo> _testData = new List<Foo>()
{
new Foo()
{
Id = 1,
Name = "Alpha",
Created = new DateTime(2015, 1, 1),
IsValid = true
},
new Foo()
{
Id = 2,
Name = "Beta",
Created = new DateTime(2015, 2, 1),
IsValid = false
},
new Foo()
{
Id = 3,
Name = "Gamma",
Created = new DateTime(2015, 3, 1),
IsValid = true
},
};
public IQueryable<Foo> GetData()
{
return _testData.AsQueryable();
}
public void PrintData(IEnumerable<Foo> data)
{
// Note calling this will enumerate the data for IQueryable
foreach (Foo f in data)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("id: {0}, name: {1}, created: {2}, isValid: {3}", f.Id, f.Name, f.Created, f.IsValid));
}
}
}
public class Foo
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public DateTime Created { get; set; }
public bool IsValid { get; set; }
}
Having said all of that, there is something in your where clause that is filtering out your expected data. As you can see from the example above res = res.Where(...) is very different from res.Where(...) - the former is the correct approach. The latter is simply omitting all where clauses from your statement completely, then when ToList() is called you're getting the full result set as no Where conditions have been added (save where c.attr== merchant from the original var creation)
IQueryable objects don't actually contain data until you either do a ToList(). Until then they're just queries. So what you've done in you assignment is replaced the query with ... I don't know what. What you should do is something like this:
IQueryable Results = res.Where(i => i.Status == InvoiceStatus.Paid); //(or whatever)
return (Results.ToList());
Related
I want to sum price for all products that is in list.
I called a funtion in linQ query.
Total = t0.TbOfferProducts.Sum(x => Customs.CalculateCurrency(x.TbOffer.Price))
But it didnt recognize my function
I wrote another function for linQ, then I called it. But linQ dont recognize my function.
Error:
LINQ to Entities does not recognize the method 'Double Cal_Price(Int32)' method, and this method cannot be translated into a store expression.
I try other versions but none of them didnt work.Help me please.
myList =
(from t0 in DB.TbProducts
where t0.BoActive == true && t0.BoSoftDeleted == false
let price = Cal_Price(t0.InProductId)
select new ProductActivityInfo
{
ID = t0.InProductId,
Name = t0.StProductName,
Code = t0.StProductCode,
Total = price
})
public double Cal_Price(int productId)
{
double total = 0;
using (MyEntityContext DB = new MyEntityContext())
{
var list = DB.TbOfferProducts.Where(x => x.InProductId == productId);
foreach (var item in list)
{
total += Customs.CalculateCurrency(item.TbOffer.Price);
}
}
return total;
}
EF Core is tryng to build SQL but fails when found custom compiled method in query. Correct Total on the client side:
// calculate sum by grouping
var offerPrices =
from op in DB.TbOfferProducts
group op.TbOffer.Price by x.InProductId
select new
{
ProductId = g.Key,
RawPrice = g.Sum()
};
var result =
(from t0 in DB.TbProducts
join op in offerPrices on t0.InProductId equals op.ProductId
where t0.BoActive == true && t0.BoSoftDeleted == false
select new ProductActivityInfo
{
ID = t0.InProductId,
Name = t0.StProductName,
Code = t0.StProductCode,
Total = op.RawPrice
})
.ToList();
// correct Total on the client side
result.ForEach(x => x.Total = Customs.CalculateCurrency(x.Total));
I have this document, a post :
{Content:"blabla",Tags:["test","toto"], CreatedOn:"2019-05-01 01:02:01"}
I want to have a page that displays themost used tags since the last 30 days.
So far I tried to create an index like this
public class Toss_TagPerDay : AbstractIndexCreationTask<TossEntity, TagByDayIndex>
{
public Toss_TagPerDay()
{
Map = tosses => from toss in tosses
from tag in toss.Tags
select new TagByDayIndex()
{
Tag = tag,
CreatedOn = toss.CreatedOn.Date,
Count = 1
};
Reduce = results => from result in results
group result by new { result.Tag, result.CreatedOn }
into g
select new TagByDayIndex()
{
Tag = g.Key.Tag,
CreatedOn = g.Key.CreatedOn,
Count = g.Sum(i => i.Count)
};
}
}
And I query it like that
await _session
.Query<TagByDayIndex, Toss_TagPerDay>()
.Where(i => i.CreatedOn >= firstDay)
.GroupBy(i => i.Tag)
.OrderByDescending(g => g.Sum(i => i.Count))
.Take(50)
.Select(t => new BestTagsResult()
{
CountLastMonth = t.Count(),
Tag = t.Key
})
.ToListAsync()
But this gives me the error
Message: System.NotSupportedException : Could not understand expression: from index 'Toss/TagPerDay'.Where(i => (Convert(i.CreatedOn, DateTimeOffset) >= value(Toss.Server.Models.Tosses.BestTagsQueryHandler+<>c__DisplayClass3_0).firstDay)).GroupBy(i => i.Tag).OrderByDescending(g => g.Sum(i => i.Count)).Take(50).Select(t => new BestTagsResult() {CountLastMonth = t.Count(), Tag = t.Key})
---- System.NotSupportedException : GroupBy method is only supported in dynamic map-reduce queries
Any idea how can I make this work ? I could query for all the index data from the past 30 days and do the groupby / order / take in memory but this could make my app load a lot of data.
The results from the map-reduce index you created will give you the number of tags per day. You want to have the most popular ones from the last 30 days so you need to do the following query:
var tagCountPerDay = session
.Query<TagByDayIndex, Toss_TagPerDay>()
.Where(i => i.CreatedOn >= DateTime.Now.AddDays(-30))
.ToList();
Then you can the the client side grouping by Tag:
var mostUsedTags = tagCountPerDay.GroupBy(x => x.Tag)
.Select(t => new BestTagsResult()
{
CountLastMonth = t.Count(),
Tag = t.Key
})
.OrderByDescending(g => g.CountLastMonth)
.ToList();
#Kuepper
Based on your index definition. You can handle that by the following index:
public class TrendingSongs : AbstractIndexCreationTask<TrackPlayedEvent, TrendingSongs.Result>
{
public TrendingSongs()
{
Map = events => from e in events
where e.TypeOfTrack == TrackSubtype.song && e.Percentage >= 80 && !e.Tags.Contains(Podcast.Tags.FraKaare)
select new Result
{
TrackId = e.TrackId,
Count = 1,
Timestamp = new DateTime(e.TimestampStart.Year, e.TimestampStart.Month, e.TimestampStart.Day)
};
Reduce = results => from r in results
group r by new {r.TrackId, r.Timestamp}
into g
select new Result
{
TrackId = g.Key.TrackId,
Count = g.Sum(x => x.Count),
Timestamp = g.Key.Timestamp
};
}
}
and the query using facets:
from index TrendingSongs where Timestamp between $then and $now select facet(TrackId, sum(Count))
The reason for the error is that you can't use 'GroupBy' in a query made on an index.
'GroupBy' can be used when performing a 'dynamic query',
i.e. a query that is made on a collection, without specifying an index.
See:
https://ravendb.net/docs/article-page/4.1/Csharp/client-api/session/querying/how-to-perform-group-by-query
I solved a similar problem, by using AdditionalSources that uses dynamic values.
Then I update the index every morning to increase the Earliest Timestamp. await IndexCreation.CreateIndexesAsync(new AbstractIndexCreationTask[] {new TrendingSongs()}, _store);
I still have to try it in production, but my tests so far look like it's a lot faster than the alternatives. It does feel pretty hacky though and I'm surprised RavenDB does not offer a better solution.
public class TrendingSongs : AbstractIndexCreationTask<TrackPlayedEvent, TrendingSongs.Result>
{
public DateTime Earliest = DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-16);
public TrendingSongs()
{
Map = events => from e in events
where e.TypeOfTrack == TrackSubtype.song && e.Percentage >= 80 && !e.Tags.Contains(Podcast.Tags.FraKaare)
&& e.TimestampStart > new DateTime(TrendingHelpers.Year, TrendingHelpers.Month, TrendingHelpers.Day)
select new Result
{
TrackId = e.TrackId,
Count = 1
};
Reduce = results => from r in results
group r by new {r.TrackId}
into g
select new Result
{
TrackId = g.Key.TrackId,
Count = g.Sum(x => x.Count)
};
AdditionalSources = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{
"TrendingHelpers",
#"namespace Helpers
{
public static class TrendingHelpers
{
public static int Day = "+Earliest.Day+#";
public static int Month = "+Earliest.Month+#";
public static int Year = "+Earliest.Year+#";
}
}"
}
};
}
}
suppose i am showing data in grid and i have many textboxes for filter the data.
textbox for employee id. if employee id textbox is empty then no where clause will be added but if it is not empty then where clause will be added for that. the same way we can filter data if salary textbox has value or employee name textbox has value.
i try to compose a conditional LINQ query but got error. here is mine
var sName="";
var r = from t in TblFamilies
where 1 == 1
if(sName!="")
{
&& t.Name="Keith";
};
select new
{
t.ID,
t.ParentID,
t.Name,
t.CurDate
};
r.Dump();
Try this:-
First select the data:-
var r = from t in TblFamilie
select new
{
t.ID,
t.ParentID,
t.Name,
t.CurDate
};
Then you can filter based on condition:-
if (sName!="")
r = r.Where(x => x.Name == sName);
If you want to mix And operator and Or operator together, check PredicateBuilder out here: http://www.albahari.com/nutshell/predicatebuilder.aspx
You can simply write like:
// begin with true if you start with And operator.
var predicate = PredicateBuilder.True<TblFamilie>();
predicate = predicate.And(t => t.CureDate < DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-1));
// you can mix with Or operator too.
predicate = predicate.Or(t => t.Name.Contains("blah"));
var results = context.TblFamilie
.Where(predicate)
.Select(new
{
// your projection here...
});
// begin with false if you start with Or operator.
var predicate2 = PredicateBuilder.False<TblFamilie>();
predicate2 = predicate2.Or(t => t.CureDate < DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-1));
// you can mix with And operator too.
predicate2 = predicate2.And(t => t.Name.Contains("blah"));
var results = context.TblFamilie
.Where(predicate)
.Select(new
{
// your projection here...
});
// even nesting is possible
var inner = PredicateBuilder.False<TblFamilie>();
inner = inner.Or (p => p.Name.Contains("foo"));
inner = inner.Or (p => p.Name.Contains("bar"));
var outer = PredicateBuilder.True<TblFamilie>();
outer = outer.And (p => p.CureDate > DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-3));
outer = outer.And (p => p.CureDate < DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-1));
outer = outer.And (inner);
var results = context.TblFamilie
.Where(outer)
.Select(new
{
// your projection here...
});
Updated
Okay, lets assume you have a Family class, and you get 'Families' from some where. You can use PredicateBuilder like this:
// you have 4 families from DB, API or anywhere.
var failies = new List<Family>
{
new Family { Id = 1, ParentId = 1, Name = "foo", Birthday = new DateTime(1971, 1, 1) },
new Family { Id = 1, ParentId = 1, Name = "bar", Birthday = new DateTime(1982, 1, 1) },
new Family { Id = 1, ParentId = 1, Name = "foobar", Birthday = new DateTime(1993, 1, 1) },
new Family { Id = 1, ParentId = 1, Name = "fake", Birthday = new DateTime(2000, 1, 1) },
};
// make predicate!
// if a family's Birthday is before than 1980 'or' Name contains "ke".
var predicate = PredicateBuilder.True<Family>();
predicate = predicate.And(o => o.Birthday < new DateTime(1980, 1, 1));
predicate = predicate.Or(o => o.Name.Contains("ke"));
// you should make IQueryable in order to use PredicateBuilder.
var result = failies.AsQueryable()
.Where(predicate)
.Select(o => new
{
o.Id, o.Name, o.Birthday // only project what you want.
})
.ToList();
// now, result should contains "foo" and "fake".
foreach (var family in result)
{
Debug.WriteLine("Name: " + family.Name);
}
Updated2
You can copy & paste to LinqPad in order to test how it works. Before you run this in the LinqPad,
Download LinqKit.dll from above link.
Make sure press 'F4' > Add > Browse > select LinqKit.dll > Add LinqKit namespace in the 'Additional Namespace Imports' tab.
In the Query panel, choose Language to 'C# Statement(s)'
paste this and run.
// you have 4 strings from DB, API or anywhere.
var strings = new List<string>
{
"foo",
"bar",
"foobar",
"fake"
};
// make predicate!
// if a string contains "oo" or "ke"
var predicate = PredicateBuilder.True<string>();
predicate = predicate.And(o => o.Contains("oo"));
predicate = predicate.Or(o => o.Contains("ke"));
// you should make IQueryable in order to use PredicateBuilder.
var result = strings.AsQueryable()
.Where(predicate)
.ToList();
// now, result should contains "foo", "foobar" and "fake".
foreach (var stringResult in result)
{
Debug.WriteLine("Name: " + stringResult);
}
What I have is a List<string> IndexFields which contains a list of property names.
My issue is that I need to build a where clause based on the elements in the list.
So far I have;
var sitem = List1.Where(p => (p.GetType().GetProperty(IndexFields[0])
.GetValue(p, null) as string) == "red").FirstOrDefault();
But that only allows me to specify a single property. What I need is a builder that can build based on all the names in the List<string> IndexFields list.
The most flexible way to create dynamic queries at runtime is by using the Expression API:
For example:-
var type = typeof(T);
var properties = IndexFields.Select(x => type.GetProperty(x));
// x
var paramter = Expression.Parameter(type);
// x.Foo, x.Bar, ...
var leftHandSides = properties.Select(
x => Expression.Property(parameter, x));
// "Baz"
var rightHandSide = Expression.Constant(...);
// x.Foo == "Baz", x.Bar = "Baz", ...
var equalityExpressions = leftHandSides.Select(
x => Expression.Equal(x, rightHandSide));
// x.Foo == "Baz" && x.Bar == "Baz" && ...
var aggregatedExpressions = equalityExpressions.Aggregate(
(x, y) => Expression.AndAlso(x, y));
// x => x.Foo == "Baz" && x.Bar == "Baz" && ...
var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<T,bool>>(
aggregatedExpressions, parameter)
var item = List1.Where(lambda).FirstOrDefault();
A huge advantage of building your queries like this is that the resulting expression can still be e.g. translated into SQL for use with Entity Framework, wheras using reflection inside the body of your lambda is really limiting.
I really do recommend taking some time to really understand the expression framework before using it, though. If you can grok what's going on, it saves you a ton of time in the long run.
You can read more at e.g:-
http://www.digitallycreated.net/Blog/37/dynamic-queries-in-entity-framework-using-expression-trees
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1217539/net-expression-trees-tutorial
If you're looking for something quicker and dirtier, however, you can just go ahead and chain up those Where clauses inside a foreach:-
IEnumerable<T> query = List1;
foreach (var property in IndexFields)
{
// The variable "property" gets hoisted out of local context
// which messes you up if the query is being evaluated with
// delayed execution.
// If you're working in C# 6 though, you don't need to do this.
var localProperty = property;
query = query.Where(
p => (p.GetType().GetProperty(localProperty)
.GetValue(p, null) as string) == "red");
}
var sitem = query.FirstOrDefault();
You can use a PredicateBuilder for this:
var predicate = PredicateBuilder.New<string>();
if (aCondition)
{
predicate = predicate.And(s => s == "this");
}
if (bCondition)
{
predicate = predicate.And(s => s == "that");
}
you can try something like this, worked for me in linqpad
void Main() {
var listFields = new string[] { "Field1", "Field2" };
var listValues = new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
// prepare & show dummy data
var listItems = Enumerable.Range(1, 100).Select(aaIndex => new MyItem {
Name = string.Format("item{0}", aaIndex),
Field1 = string.Format("value{0}", aaIndex % 3),
Field2 = string.Format("value{0}", aaIndex % 7)
});
listItems.Dump();
// apply filtering
var filtered = listItems.Where(aaItem => Enumerable.Range(0, listFields.Length).All(aaIndex => {
var value1 = aaItem.GetType().GetProperty(listFields[aaIndex]).GetValue(aaItem, null);
var value2 = listValues[aaIndex];
if (value1 is IComparable) {
return ((IComparable)value1).CompareTo(value2) == 0;
}
return Convert.ToString(value1) == Convert.ToString(value2);
}));
filtered.Dump();
}
// Define other methods and classes here
class MyItem {
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Field1 { get; set; }
public string Field2 { get; set; }
}
The dynamic linq library worked well for stuff like this:
http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2008/01/07/dynamic-linq-part-1-using-the-linq-dynamic-query-library.aspx
It added overloads to take the different clauses as strings ie:
var query = List1.Where("Color1=""Red"" or Color2=""Red""");
In your case you could build the string from your index fields (probably in a loop but simplified here)
var query = List1.Where(IndexFields[0] + "=""Red"" or " IndexFields[1] + "=Red");
For use, download the sample package, and then grab LinqSamples\DynamicQuery\DynamicQuery\Dynamic.cs and compile with your project.
I have following sql query for finding 2nd max salary.
Select * From Employee E1 Where
(2) = (Select Count(Distinct(E2.Salary)) From Employee E2 Where
E2.Salary > E1.Salary)
I want to convert it into Linq statement.
I think what you're asking is to find the employee with the second-highest salary?
If so, that would be something like
var employee = Employees
.OrderByDescending(e => e.Salary)
.Skip(1)
.First();
If multiple employees may have equal salary and you wish to return an IEnumerable of all the employees with the second-highest salary you could do:
var employees = Employees
.GroupBy(e => e.Salary)
.OrderByDescending(g => g.Key)
.Skip(1)
.First();
(kudos to #diceguyd30 for suggesting this latter enhancement)
List<Employee> employees = new List<Employee>()
{
new Employee { Id = 1, UserName = "Anil" , Salary = 5000},
new Employee { Id = 2, UserName = "Sunil" , Salary = 6000},
new Employee { Id = 3, UserName = "Lokesh" , Salary = 5500},
new Employee { Id = 4, UserName = "Vinay" , Salary = 7000}
};
var emp = employees.OrderByDescending(x => x.Salary).Skip(1).FirstOrDefault();
You can define equally comparer class as bellow:
public class EqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer<Employee >
{
#region IEqualityComparer<Employee> Members
bool IEqualityComparer<Employee>.Equals(Employee x, Employee y)
{
// Check whether the compared objects reference the same data.
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y))
return true;
// Check whether any of the compared objects is null.
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, null) || Object.ReferenceEquals(y, null))
return false;
return x.Salary == y.Salary;
}
int IEqualityComparer<Employee>.GetHashCode(Employee obj)
{
return obj.Salary.GetHashCode();
}
#endregion
}
and use it as bellow:
var outval = lst.OrderByDescending(p => p.Id)
.Distinct(new EqualityComparer()).Skip(1).First();
or do it without equally comparer (in two line):
var lst2 = lst.OrderByDescending(p => p.Id).Skip(1);
var result = lst2.SkipWhile(p => p.Salary == lst2.First().Salary).First();
Edit: As Ani said to work with sql should do : var lst = myDataContext.Employees.AsEnumerable(); but if is for commercial software it's better to use TSQL or find another linq way.
Using LINQ, you can find the 3rd highest salary like this:
// first use LINQ to sort by salary, then skip first 2 and get next
var thirdHighestSalary= (from n in db.Employee order by n.salary descending select n).distinct().skip(2). FirstOrDefault()
// write the result to console
Console.WriteLine(Third Highest Salary is : {0},thirdHighestSalary.Salary);
This will work for duplicate record as well as nth highest salary just need to play with take and skip thats all for ex below is for 3 rd highest salary with duplicate record present in table-
emplist.OrderByDescending(x => x.Salary).Select(x=>x.Salary).Distinct().Take(3).Skip(2).First();
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
IList<int> intList = new List<int>() { 10, 21, 91, 30, 91, 45, 51, 87, 87 };
var largest = intList.Max();
Console.WriteLine("Largest Element: {0}", largest);
var secondLargest = intList.Max(i => {
if(i != largest)
return i;
return 0;
});
Console.WriteLine("second highest element in list: {0}", secondLargest);
}
}