We Keep Coding

Basic Code Restructure Query [closed]

Closed. This question is opinion-based. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by editing this post.
Closed 6 years ago.
Improve this question
So, before I post my question, I will add a little bit of premise to it. I have written quite some code for academic purposes, but never before was it for production or an actual client.
What I would always do is this:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//Do all the programming here
}
However, now when I have to build actual software for client (a small one), I find this process tedious and hard to handle as the code grows long.
I still create separate classes and do some of the work here and there, but I think it's not the correct direction.
What am I missing? How professional developers do it?
Thanks.
EDIT : This is not exactly a coding question however I still choose StackOverflow because I really want the different perspectives of the superb professionals present here. I am just an industry newbie, so I really need to start learning in the right direction.

I find this process tedious and hard to handle as the code grows long.
You are correct.
I still create separate classes and do some of the work here and there, but I think it's not the correct direction.
It is the correct direction. Programming is about abstraction. Properties, methods, handlers, classes, and so on, are all abstractions. Abstractions are useful because they present less complexity than their implementation details, and can therefore be understood and used effectively. Just as you do not learn how to drive by manipulating valves and cylinders and springs and camshafts; you learn abstractions like brakes and gear selectors.
When you learn to drive you are handed a pile of abstractions which you must learn to use. When you are programming you are both handed a pile of existing abstractions -- variables, lists, types, and so on, are all abstractions -- but you are also expected to build your own.
How do professional developers do it?
This is not a site to teach you how to program. This is a site for specific questions about actual code. Professional developers do it by spending thousands of hours learning from others and practicing their craft; go get started! Come on back when you have a specific question about actual code.

I think you are doing it right ! Indeed managing large programs is a hard job, you have to know how to modulate your code. You can create diagram representing your project so it will make the editing a lot easier.
Here is a link with some tools for Architecture and Modeling with Visual Studio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThEP7DgVAC0

Confusion between OOP approaches among different developers [closed]

Closed. This question is opinion-based. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by editing this post.
Closed 9 years ago.
Improve this question
I have been developing web apps using .net and c# from last 1 year, but there is some confusion going on in my mind regarding OOP principals implementation.
1) What i learned from the object oriented books was that every class should have its specific methods, but when i came across the code of a senior developer, i saw that the developer has created a separate business layer with a business layer class containing all the methods of all the classes.
Is this approach of using separate business class containing all the methods being used in our app is justified by any design pattern or by any other resource, or it is just an awful design?
Please elaborate your answer in detail as this can also helps other newbies out there...

Architecture is an art not a science. There are good architectures and bad architectures, but there is not a single correct architecture.
For example your Senior developer may have created a Facade (design pattern) on top of your more complicated data access layer to simplify data access. For instance you could have a dozen entities for ordering a product, and you would like to create a facade for everything you need to do while ordering a product.
Just look at the architecture and try to analyze yourself if you think it could be better. The more architecture you know the better your judgment will be, but architecture is rarely black and white.
Also, just because someone is senior it doesn't necessarily mean that they know what they are doing or that they don't make mistakes.
Also, Inheritance can be done in EF:
Inheritance in EF

there is no single architecture one can follow, for example when building strictly SOA systems it is VERY common to have model classes that are only data, no methods whatsoever. Whereas all the business logic classes exist in a different namespace. Furthermore when you send your domain classes over the wire you will typically create dedicated classes for that purpose in a different assembly dedicated to the SOA.
The architecture I describe above is directly from the Microsoft Architecture Guidance package for VS.

How do you grow as a developer when you're the only one in a given technology at your company? [closed]

Closed. This question is opinion-based. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by editing this post.
Closed 9 years ago.
Improve this question
I am not the only programmer, but I'm the only .NET developer, everyone else works with Perl, Ext JS, and related technologies. I'm primarily self taught, using Codeproject heavily to learn new techniques.
Without any mentors at my company specifically knowledgeable in .NET, I'm unsure whether classes, or online tutorials, books, or perhaps some other avenue might be most effective at helping me to become a better developer.
My goal, optimistically, is to become a developer capable of managing the next .NET developer we hire, or at least to integrate well with him/her.
I'm currently taking on the task of documenting my programs in such a way as to receive review from the more experienced developers at my company regardless of them not knowing .NET, and I expect this will be rather general, but hopefully still beneficial.
Does anyone have suggestions or advice for how to most effectively learn good practices without direct oversight?

Without mentors around, there are several things you can do to improve your skills:
Take classes...especially if your employer will pay for them.
Read books. They're the next best thing to a class.
Read developer blogs. They may not teach you best practices, but they'll keep you abreast of what's new in the development world. That'll help you keep from falling behind.
Courtesy of the Community Listen to Podcasts (Hanselminutes, Stackoverflow, etc.) and watch Screencasts (Dimecasts has tons of good content).
Participate in the community. We may seem harsh at times, but you'll hear the most about best practices, coding techniques, design patterns, etc. and different ways to apply everything.

I have always worked like that. My ways to improve are:
Reading high-quality blogs
Applying what these high-quality blogs recommend (whenever it fits your project and when time allows, of course)
Reading high-quality open source project's source code
Writing as much code as you can, always keeping in mind what you've learned and always trying to raise the quality bar. Practice does not make perfect. Only perfect practice makes perfect.
Keep an eye on stuff that's unrelated to your own line of work. For example, if your main job is coding ASP.NET in C#, read stuff about functional programming, F#, Haskell, other web frameworks like django, Ruby on Rails, etc. I'm not saying that you learn them, just see how things can be done differently. It will broaden your perspective.
When you gain some self-confidence: contribute to open source projects, write a blog.
About books: IMHO the books that are highly-technical (i.e. "Buzzword 2.0 in Action!") aren't worth your time. Everything happens so fast that they'll probably become obsolete 6 months after their release. The only books worth buying are those that deal with the underlying CS or architecture issues.
About classes: it's very hard to find high-quality non-university classes that aren't a waste of time/money. Most of the time you can learn faster by yourself. (UPDATE: fast-forward to 2013, MOOCs are an amazing, high-quality, free learning resource)
Also be wary of codeproject, there are lots of articles there with errors and/or general bad advice.

I am in the same situation you are in. I learn mostly from
previous projects/mistakes, especially when you take over an old project from someone else (50%)
google (25%)
forum/stackoverflow (25%)

Change employers. I'm not trying to be a jerk, seriously. The most growth your going to have as a developer is by working every day with someone significantly better than you.

Join some OSS project which works with .NET to get feedback on your code from experienced .NET developers. In addition looking at other people's code is a great way to learn new things - just as you have been doing. I also agree with Justin also that reading blogs like Eric Lippert's is very rewarding

Take advantage of the chance to learn the languages and technologies being used by by your colleagues.
They'll introduce you not just to syntax, but more importantly to techniques, idioms, and paradigms that you won't find in .Net, but that will challenge you to think about how you could apply or build those thing in .Net, or why .Net doesn't have or shouldn't use those things.
Why is Perl weakly typed (or is it)? What's Perl better at than .Net? What is .Net great at the Perl is just terrible at? Why do these differences exist? How might you implement a Perl interpreter in .Net? Why might you want to?
Why's everything in a JavaScript a hash? How does .Net class inheritance compare to JavaScript prototypes? Are JavaScript's first-class functions a great tool or a source of obscurantist abuse, compared to .Net's strongly and statically typed classes?
What are the fundamental data structures in each language? For each language, why are those types fundamental to that language? What were the different design decisions (or lack of decisions) that motivated and informed each language's design and implementation? Can you discern any common "ancestral" languages among the languages used at your workplace? Why don't we have "One Language To Rule Them All"? Should we?
Finally, excellence at any one language is really great to have, but unless you're sitting on that language's Standard Committee or writing compilers/interpreters for that language, a broader knowledge of the underlying algorithms and data structures and patterns that are common across languages is probably more important to your development as a programmer -- and certainly to managing programmers, if that's your goal.

Look for local .NET user groups. In most cities, you are likely to find at least one. User groups are a great place to develop contacts, ask questions about the technology and basically get answers to problems you may be experiencing. If there are no user groups in your area, try looking online.

If you are free to choose how you develop, and you get new projects fairly often, pick a new technology you're not familiar with to use on each project. Of course, do your research first and make sure it makes sense for the project.
At my last company, I was pretty free to use whatever I wanted as long as it made sense and worked. I always tried to use something new on each project. The last project I worked on, I used NHibernate. No one told me to learn NHibernate, but I took it upon myself to use it to expand my knowledge. Of course, I made sure NHibernate was acceptable first.
The best way to learn something is to use it. Classes and books are good, but nothing will make it stick more than using it in a real project.

My goal, optimistically, is to become
a developer capable of managing the
next .NET developer we hire ...
In that case, you should be looking to expand or improve your people/project management skills as well as developing your technical programming and design skills in your chosen technology.
I also subscribe to the view that it is not a good idea to focus too much on a particular technology; e.g. .NET. Too much specialization tends to limit your career prospects.

A year ago I was pretty much in the same boat and it's interesting when I look back at the things I wasn't so good at. Awareness of the technology you are using is an important one, many people have suggested reading books/blogs etc which are good.
One thing that may help you, is to look at the MCTS material, starting with a foundation exam (I'm working toward 70-536 .NET 2.0 Framework exam) to make sure you have a good base. One of the advantages of this is one that it is credited by Microsoft so you can add it to your CV for the future and it gives you a more structured approach than just reading books.
Secondly read up on design practises, or even design principles (such as Gang Of Four). Do your best to not cut corners, and develop your code in the best re-usable way. This keeps you thinking about design and maintainability which is extremely important.
Finally I'd probably suggest trying to ensure you're not doing the same thing over and over. Don't just work with databases, or UI's etc... Try to get a mixture of things to try new techniques and learn new stuff.

Why do interviewers ask advanced questions? [closed]

Closed. This question is opinion-based. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by editing this post.
Closed 9 years ago.
Improve this question
I've been programming for a few years in C# and XML. I used only the basics of those languages and have survived on the web for info like arrays and text manipulations. But when I am get interview, the interviewers ask only advanced questions - I found the answers later in the Advanced sections in the books on the subject.
Why do the interviewers ask such advanced questions? The job looks almost the same as what I was previously doing, so there's need for advanced knowledge, like what class delegate is or XPath commands.
Questions are:
What version of XSL does .NET 3.5 uses?
What XPath command to use to get value in element X?
What are class delegates in C#
Does C# allows multiple interface inheritance?
How do you access GAC in C#?

There are two reasons that I ask them.
To see a person actually say "I do not know the answer to that", as opposed to trying to BS through the question.
To see what kind of logical problem solving skills a person has.
Usually a question will be of one or the other, but not both. Both are extremely valuable in screening a perspective employee, however.
Also, the question might not actually be "advanced" for the position. It is reasonable to assume that Senior-level and/or Architects can answer questions that a Junior to Mid-level might not.

Perhaps because they are trying to find programmers who know more than the basic stuff. If they are trying to distinguish between a field of candidates, it isn't helpful to ask questions that everyone knows the answer to - how do you select among those candidates? If you're going to hire only 1 or 2 out of a pool of candidates, you need to find some harder questions that only 1 or 2 out the pool can answer.

Getting the answer wrong is what I want from an applicant in some cases.
One of the reasons I like to ask a question that I think the applicant will get wrong is to see how they adjust to the situation. How they handle getting something wrong and handle someone telling them how they should have answered etc. If they are very defensive or rude when you tell them they are incorrect then it is a good indication of how they will work on a team when many times your ideas will be challenged.
If they take the solution or recommendation and realize they can learn from it or even add to it that is usually a sign of someone what is easy to work with and willing to work 'outside of their box'. If they just make excuses and dance around trying to say why they could be right or should be right (in cases where they are clearly not) then this tell me when the same issue arises in the future this applicant is going to cause headaches.
Not so worried about the answer, more interested in how they react to the question / solution.
Another reason would be to gauge their level when hiring as well. You might be hiring for a bunch of positions but not sure where this applicant fits. Hard questions that show problem solving and attention to detail can sometimes make it easier to categorize their skill set.

I ask advanced questions for a few reasons:
Some of my questions are advanced usage of things everyone should know (not a trivia question) -- I want to see you reason through the answer using knowledge you have, but in a way that isn't common.
I want to see what happens when you don't know something -- do you give up?
I want to hire people that are serious about what they do. People that really care about the technologies they use tend to want to know the advanced stuff.
I want to see if there are gaps where you just don't know that an entire area of knowledge even exists. For example, in your XPath example -- I might be ok with: "I believe that XPath could be used to help solve this, but I don't know it well enough to write it out here" -- then I would show them a little XPath and see if they could apply it. If you don't even know that XPath exists, google isn't going to help you.

Likely they're just getting a gauge of where you are. They probably got stuck on this problem themselves and perhaps wanted to see if you could think of an answer on your feet.
I've experienced the same types of questions, and considering when I program I use excessive resources, this type of thing usually throws me off. Their loss.

Because competency as a programmer involves both depth and breadth of knowledge.

The interviewer is trying to devine your level of knowledge, and he is copping out by "borrowing" a question from the last chapter of that book.
Really, this is sloppy work on his part, relying on one question to guage your expertise level. You may have low programming skills, but recently come across the buzz-word, and are able to ace the interview.
I did get burned once in interviewing a candidate who professed high levels of C expertise. It turned out that he was reading "C for Dummies" and managed to BS through the interview process. I admit that I wasn't concentrating on his programming skills, but was looking for other aspects, which he also managed to BS through. Turns out his whole resume was a pack of lies.
Nowadays, I make sure the candidate has working knowlege of variable scope, persistance, pointer arithmetic, basic algorithms, structured programming, object-oriented programming, polymorphism, multitasking and inter-process communication. I will quiz him on his debugging skills, and zero in on details such as race-conditions, heisenbugs and security vulnerabilities.
Depending on the job, I will ask about experience in the target language - such as key=>value maps (arrays) in PHP, Swing programming in Java, event handling in C#, tables vs CSS in html -- you get the picture.
If the candidate passes the first part of the interview (I usually know within about 5 minutes), I will then give him a binder and send him into the coffee room (nice couch and table there) to prepare for 20 minutes for a code review on a selected module.
That's when I send in the troops - employees are instructed to use the coffee room normally, introduce themselves and make conversation for about a minute.
What I'm looking for is the ability to concentrate on a task (blatant ADHD), the ability to work under pressure, and interpersonal dynamics.
When the candidate returns, I have him act as main presenter and start our normal code review process. The first thing I look for is if he read the page titled "Code Review Process". I'm not looking for him to complete the review - about 10 minutes is enough. As a matter of fact, the fewer main lines processed, the better - within reason.
I haven't been burned by a new hire for a long time now.

Your username suggests you like coding (duh), but your question suggests you don't. If you really liked coding, then you should love to learn about it. Those questions that you listed are not that advanced.
Even if those questions were advanced, the interviewer is trying to gauge how much knowledge you have in the area that you say you have knowledge in. They are also trying to gauge how well you would fit into their group.
P.S. Not to be mean, but if you program using XML and don't know what XPath is, then you are a little far behind.

They probably want to see if you really know what you're talking about or if you're a novice programmer who gets along on the web using only what he has picked up through trial and error...

1.What version of XSL does .NET 3.5 uses?
Because they can't tell important things from non-important ones. Bad sign.
2.What XPath command to use to get value in element X?
Because they want to see if you know XPath. This can be either because they use it extensively and you need it to get they job done or because they think XPath knowledge == skill.
3.What are class delegates in C#
(I've never heard the term "class delegate" and a google search shows no definition, so I assume you mean just "delegate").
Delegates can hardly be considered an advanced topic.
4.Does C# allows multiple interface inheritance?
If they really asked about "interface implementation", it's part of the most basic concept so it's a valid question (although too simple to really mean anything). If they really asked about "interface inheritance", it's more of trivia, but I would still say acceptable. Bonus point for them if they asked what "interface inheritance" really means.
5.How do you access GAC in C#?
This is the kind of thing every team MUST have one person who knows. I'd say it's also a indication of seniority (which BTW, I don't care much about) since nobody reads about these things, the only way to find out is to be forced to solve a real-world problem.

I ask advanced questions to try see how people work through the problem. I like to ask questions that I don't know off the top of my head for that reason.
I want someone who is a critical thinker rather than just an academic who can recite text books to me.

They want to find someone with practical experience that extends beyond what is taught in beginner courses. When my company interviews candidates, we often find that most of the applicants cannot solve what we would consider to be very basic programming problems simply because they don't know the API or don't understand when to use various basic data structures.
If you want to impress an interviewer, work on your own programming projects outside of class. Learn a good chunk of the language API, and start learning about third-party libraries that can greatly simplify your work.

Another reason is to gauge your response to a question they really don't expect you to know the answer to. Problem solving skills are essential, so asking you questions you already know the answer to is not going to address that, is it?
There are even instances of companies asking odd, non-programming related questions just to see how you think your way through a problem. There is the classic "Why are manhole covers round" question, reportedly asked at Microsoft interviews.
More Microsoft interview questions

I'm not meaning to offend you but maybe your understanding of the job is not deep enough and it in fact requires knowledge of advanced techniques.
Also, you can do a lot of things with basic methods but advanced methods might the better way to implement regarding complexity, time to implement or maintainability.

There are many possible reasons. They may:
actually use those techniques (delegates and XPath aren't particularly rare or obscure)
have a large pool of candidates and want to try to find the more knowlegable ones
want to see where the limits of your knowlege are, so they ask question up to the point where you start to be unable to answer well
want to see how you might approach areas that are unfamiliar to you - to see how you might adapt to new stuff
want to show off their own knowlege (probably not a legitimate reason, but it certainly happens)

I've heard these really aren't in use anymore, or at least not nearly as much as they used to be, but you might be interested in this. I picked up a pretty cool short book a few days ago that has to deal with the "Microsoft style" logic interview questions that are sometimes asked. I'm a few chapters in and it gives a neat little history of the tech field's interview style and has a ton of logic problems, complete with answers in the back.
It's called "How Would You Move Mount Fuji" and it's on amazon for pretty cheap.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0316919160/ref=dp_olp_used?ie=UTF8&condition=used

I've just completed a round of interviews, where I use a three or four stock 'simple' C# code fragments that the interviewee will look through and attempt to explain what the expected result will be. In each case the code sample is no more than ten lines of clearly-formatted code that utilises basic C# skills (inheritance, generics, anonymous delegates); also in each case there will be a 'gotcha' - but like others have stated, I don't put these in to be spiteful, they're there because I want to see how the candidate reacts when confronted with something that doesn't work as expected.
We had a candidate recently that had sailed through the first part of his interview; impressive CV, was apparently the Lead Developer of a team of 10 and had been developing code in C# since 1.0; yet apparently had no idea what "Console.WriteLine()" did (nor could he even hazard a guess), nor could he even begin to cope with the tiny anonymous delegate example.
Another candidate was self-effacing, and didn't know how to grade herself as a developer - she'd had less experience than the former candidate yet she sailed through the code samples, fell for a couple of the 'gotchas' but asked the right questions to get the correct conclusions and genuinely learnt from the experience. Needless to say, she was hired.
If you're claiming domain-specific knowledge (like XML) you should expect to be asked specific (and sometimes hard) questions about that domain; if I'm interviewing a senior ASP.NET developer and they've got no idea about HttpModules or HttpHandlers (like some recent interviewees) then alarm bells start to ring.

Resources on human simulator design. (think 13th floor) [closed]

Closed. This question does not meet Stack Overflow guidelines. It is not currently accepting answers.
We don’t allow questions seeking recommendations for books, tools, software libraries, and more. You can edit the question so it can be answered with facts and citations.
Closed 4 years ago.
Improve this question
After seeing the 13th Floor back in the day I have been obsessed to a degree with writing a simulator like that.
I have written several simulations with a human base class that have a male and female subclass. They have a routine called runYear and they interact. They date, work, die, have kids, get sad, commit suicide, divorce, etc.
It will run for thousands of "years" and depending on seed parameters grow very large or die off.
My question is: I have really maxed out what I can do with this and I am looking to rewrite this from the ground up, but I want to have a foundation going forward. Are there any good books or articles anyone can point me to that would help me better understand how I need to design this or what key foundations I should include?
On a technical point:
should I look at using a Object Oriented database to store this information?
I was planning on writing this in C#(For comfort reasons), would learning LISP be better?
Are there any other opensource simulators anyone has run across like this I can maybe get some ideas from
Any other ideas/suggestions would be be awesome.
Erik

Most complex thing about this kind of simulators is not how to implement it, but how you model your creatures, and their interactions with each other and environment.
Just use those tools that you are most comfortable with. I wouldn't most likely use any kind of database in the beginning, I would use datastructures that my programming language uses and maybe write and read the datastructures to plain files when persistance is needed.
Here are few links about this kind of simulations. Most of them are not human level, instead they work on a bit "lower" level, think of insects, bacteria and DNA.
Wikipedia: Artificial Life
Wikipedia: Life Simulation Game
Wikipedia: Multi-agent Systems
A couple of examples about existing systems:
Breve - 3d life simulator
Darwinbots
Creatures, a commercial artificial life game

Swarm

First, you need to start off with creating a World class. Your World class would encompass everything that a world can do. You will want to incorporate Gravity, Air, Ground, Walls, etc.. You will probably want to start off by giving the sky a limit, as you wouldn't want someone to just leave your world and go do his own thing in memory somewhere.
Once you got your World setup, create yourself an Abstract Human class. This class will have basic human abilities. You can specify stuff like height, weight, age, etc...
From there, you inherit the Human class, and create Woman and Man classes, each with their specialized attributes. Woman class can have BreastSize, CookingSkill, SexualPrownessLevel, Etc... The Man class will be mostly for keeping track of who is bald.
From there, you can go even further and split into ethnic classes, such as Asian, Indian, etc.. Each ethnic class would have its own traits as well.
Once you got all that out of the way, you can start working on the fun stuff. You can create objects to wreck havoc into their lives, such as Diseases, Religion, Money, Crime, Poverty, Starvation, Floods, Tornadoes etc..

I think the first step is to first be able to describe your problem in a descriptive way.
I like to think of it as a System-of-Systems problem. For that, take a look at SysML. That way, you can start at a high level, and then add more and more fidelity as your system evolves.

You should look at discrete event simulation frameworks (there's link to the list at the end). I only know SimPy for Python, but there are others, open source and commercial. Basic framework is also pretty simple, so it should be easy "programming exercise".