First off, i'm fairly new to programming, about 2 months in, i dabbled a bit in Console Application, WinForms, and still using the ugly console to get better at algorithms in general. But now, I wanna start digging into game programming, because that's the reason i wanted to learn programming. I stumbled upon MonoGame, and while it's harder than say Unity, I got an immense sense of achievement after creating something by just using code. I already made a Space Invaders and Pong but nothing related to sprite animation, using spritesheets and moving a player. So 2 days ago, I started a platformer, divided my spritesheet, got some animation down, and now that it's time to move my player, I'm completely lost. I tried reading some tutorials on vectors, but it doesn't help in my case. Maybe you can shed some light on the matter.
So, without further ado, here's the code:
Game.cs
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
namespace MafiaJohnny
{
public class Game1 : Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
private JohnnyPlayer johnnyPlayer;
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
protected override void Initialize()
{
base.Initialize();
}
protected override void LoadContent()
{
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
Texture2D texture = Content.Load<Texture2D>("JohnnyDone");
johnnyPlayer = new JohnnyPlayer(texture, 2, 4);
}
protected override void UnloadContent()
{
}
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed || Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape))
Exit();
johnnyPlayer.Update(gameTime);
base.Update(gameTime);
}
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.White);
johnnyPlayer.Draw(spriteBatch, new Vector2(200, 200));
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
}
JohnnyPlayer.cs
using System;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
namespace MafiaJohnny
{
class JohnnyPlayer
{
public Texture2D Texture { get; set; }
public int Rows { get; set; }
public int Columns { get; set; }
private int currentFrame;
private int totalFrames;
//Slow down frame animation
private int timeSinceLastFrame = 0;
private int millisecondsPerFrame = 400;
public JohnnyPlayer(Texture2D texture, int rows, int columns)
{
Texture = texture;
Rows = rows;
Columns = columns;
currentFrame = 0;
totalFrames = Rows * Columns;
}
public void Update (GameTime gameTime)
{
timeSinceLastFrame += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds;
if (timeSinceLastFrame > millisecondsPerFrame)
{
timeSinceLastFrame -= millisecondsPerFrame;
KeyboardState keystate = Keyboard.GetState();
//Idle animation
if (keystate.GetPressedKeys().Length == 0)
currentFrame++;
timeSinceLastFrame = 0;
if (currentFrame == 2)
currentFrame = 0;
//Walking Animation
if (keystate.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left))
{
}
}
}
public void Draw (SpriteBatch spriteBatch, Vector2 location)
{
int width = Texture.Width/Columns;
int height = Texture.Height / Rows;
int row = (int) ((float) currentFrame/Columns);
int column = currentFrame % Columns;
Rectangle sourceRectangle = new Rectangle(width * column, height * row, width, height);
Rectangle destinationRectangle = new Rectangle((int)location.X, (int)location.Y, width, height);
spriteBatch.Begin();
spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, destinationRectangle, sourceRectangle, Color.White);
spriteBatch.End();
}
}
}
So here's my code, find me an answer minions! Thank you is what I mean :)
You just need to change "location" so the sprite moves left/right/up/down. Also I recommend moving this code from JohnnyPlayer to another "controller" class.
Here:
http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2015/06/15/MonoGame-Tutorial-Creating-an-Application.aspx
They make a sprite and move it from left to right. In your case the texture on sprite changes in time (animation) but the movement is still the same.
Related
I am trying to create a simple menu, the string that is selected changes colur as it is instructed to do, I just can't seem to space out each item in the string list on the Y axis, currently they are all positioned in the middle but at the top of the screen overlapping each other. I know this is probably a very simple fix but I am a novice at XNA. Any help would be very appreciated. Thanks in advance.
MenuManagement Class
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Game2
{
class MenuManagement
{
KeyboardState keyboard;
KeyboardState prevKey;
MouseState mouse;
Vector2 position;
List<String> buttonList = new List<string>();
SpriteFont spriteFont;
int selected = 0;
public MenuManagement ()
{
buttonList.Add("Play");
buttonList.Add("Options");
buttonList.Add("instructions");
buttonList.Add("Exit");
}
private void MeasureMenu()
{
height = 0;
width = 0;
foreach (string item in buttonList)
{
Vector2 size = spriteFont.MeasureString(item);
height += spriteFont.LineSpacing + 5;
}
}
public void LoadContent (ContentManager Content )
{
spriteFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("spriteFont");
}
public void Update (GameTime theGameTime)
{
keyboard = Keyboard.GetState();
if (checkKeyBoard(Keys.Up))
{
if (selected > 0)
{
selected--;
}
}
if (checkKeyBoard(Keys.Down))
{
if (selected < buttonList.Count - 1)
{
selected++;
}
}
prevKey = keyboard;
}
public bool checkKeyBoard (Keys key)
{
return (keyboard.IsKeyDown(key) && prevKey.IsKeyDown(key));
}
public void Draw (SpriteBatch theSpriteBatch)
{
theSpriteBatch.Begin();
Color color;
for (int i = 0; i < buttonList.Count; i++)
{
Vector2 location = position;
if (i == selected)
{
color = Color.Yellow;
}
else
{
color = Color.Blue;
}
location.Y += spriteFont.LineSpacing + 5;
}
theSpriteBatch.DrawString(spriteFont, buttonList[0], new Vector2 (300, 100), color);
theSpriteBatch.DrawString(spriteFont, buttonList[1], new Vector2(300, 150), color);
theSpriteBatch.DrawString(spriteFont, buttonList[2], new Vector2(300, 200), color);
theSpriteBatch.DrawString(spriteFont, buttonList[3], new Vector2(300, 250), color);
theSpriteBatch.End();
}
}
}
Game1
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
namespace Game2
{
/// <summary>
/// This is the main type for your game.
/// </summary>
public class Game1 : Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch theSpriteBatch;
public static Rectangle screen;
public static string GameState = "Menu";
MenuManagement menuManagement;
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
protected override void Initialize()
{
// TODO: Add your initialization logic here
menuManagement = new MenuManagement();
screen = new Rectangle(0, 0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight);
base.Initialize();
}
protected override void LoadContent()
{
theSpriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
menuManagement.LoadContent(Content);
// TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here
}
protected override void UnloadContent()
{
// TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here
}
// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed || Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape))
Exit();
switch (GameState)
{
case "Menu":
menuManagement.Update(gameTime);
break;
}
base.Update(gameTime);
}
/// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
switch (GameState)
{
case "Menu":
menuManagement.Draw(theSpriteBatch);
break;
}
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
}
You can calculate the length of the strings and place the next item where you want. You should look to SpriteFont.MeasureString().
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb464128(v=xnagamestudio.30).aspx
To be clear, the reason they are overlapping is because you are putting them all in the same position:
Vector2 location = position;
and then:
new Vector2 (300, location.Y)
is where you are drawing the entire batch. You need to change the position of each of the menu items. The simplest fix is to increment the Y value of the location for each item. That will move the next menu item toward the bottom. Increment X to move right.
I'm Having a problem with an experiment of mine. I'm trying to make a method that fuses one Texture2D into another Texture2D, then reloads the Texture2D, this time moving the pasted texture in a new spot. I plan to perfect upon this method in later projects where I paste in a spotlight onto a dark background to "illuminate" the scenery behind it. While I managed to make the paste-to method work perfectly, I am having some major problems with the second part of my plan. I have the pasted texture set to a Vector2, where the X member increases by 1 every frame, thus dragging the pasted texture along the background. However, the background doesn't reset after each frame, leaving a drag mark on the background where the previous image was. For the last half hour I've been working to cure this problem by resetting the background texture to make it clean again for when it has the other image pasted onto it.
Here is my code.
namespace CopyTest
{
public class Image
{
public Texture2D Bitmap;
public Vector2 Position;
public String BitmapName;
public Rectangle Viewport;
public Color Tint = Color.White;
public void ResetViewportDimensions()
{
this.Viewport = new Rectangle(this.Viewport.X, this.Viewport.Y, Bitmap.Width, Bitmap.Height);
}
public void Draw(SpriteBatch Target)
{
}
public void FinalizeBitmap(ContentManager Target)
{
this.Bitmap = null;
this.Bitmap = Target.Load<Texture2D>(this.BitmapName);
}
public Image(Vector2 Position, String BitmapName)
{
this.BitmapName = BitmapName;
this.Position = Position;
}
}
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
public Image Rainbow = new Image(new Vector2(0, 0), "Rainbow");
public Image Eye = new Image(new Vector2(0, 0), "Glow");
public Image PrintOut = new Image(new Vector2(0, 0), "Rainbow");
public Vector2 Destination = new Vector2(100, 50);
public void PrintTo(Image Source, Image Target, Vector2 Location)
{
Color[] A = new Color[Source.Bitmap.Width * Source.Bitmap.Width];
Color[] B = new Color[Target.Bitmap.Width * Target.Bitmap.Width];
int Y = 0;
int X = 0;
Source.Bitmap.GetData(A);
Target.Bitmap.GetData(B);
for (int i = 0; i < A.Length; i++)
{
B[(int)Location.X + X + (((int)Location.Y + Y) * Target.Bitmap.Width)] = A[i];
X++;
if (X == Source.Bitmap.Width)
{
X = 0;
Y++;
}
}
Target.Bitmap.SetData<Color>(B);
}
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
protected override void Initialize()
{
base.Initialize();
}
protected override void LoadContent()
{
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
Eye.FinalizeBitmap(Content);
Rainbow.FinalizeBitmap(Content);
PrintOut.FinalizeBitmap(Content);
Eye.ResetViewportDimensions();
Rainbow.ResetViewportDimensions();
PrintOut.ResetViewportDimensions();
}
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
// Allows the game to exit
if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
this.Exit();
GraphicsDevice.Textures[0] = null;
PrintOut.FinalizeBitmap(Content);
PrintTo(Eye, PrintOut, Destination);
Destination.Y++;
base.Update(gameTime);
}
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);
spriteBatch.Begin();
spriteBatch.Draw(PrintOut.Bitmap, PrintOut.Position, PrintOut.Viewport, PrintOut.Tint);
spriteBatch.End();
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
Any help at all would be greatly appreciated.
I'm very new to programming C#, and well, programming anything. This is my third 2D game, I've encountered a problem. For some reason, the game gets laggy extremely fast when I'm attempting to move my sprite, and I can't figure out why.
Here's the Sheep class:
using System;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
namespace IdeaLess
{
class Sheep
{
//-//-//-//-//-//
public Texture2D SheepTexture;
public const float SheepSpeed = 0.5f;
public Vector2 SheepPosition;
public int Width
{
get { return SheepTexture.Width; }
}
public int Height
{
get { return SheepTexture.Height; }
}
//-//-//-//-//-//
public void Initialize(Texture2D texture, Vector2 position)
{
SheepTexture = texture;
SheepPosition = position;
}
public void Update()
{
}
public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch)
{
spriteBatch.Draw(SheepTexture, SheepPosition, null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0f);
}
}
}
And the Game1.cs:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
namespace IdeaLess
{
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
//CLASS OBJECTS
Sheep sheep;
Pig pig;
//SHEEP
float SheepMoveSpeed;
//PIG
float PigMoveSpeed;
//KEYBOARDSTATES
KeyboardState currentKeyboardState;
KeyboardState previousKeyboardState;
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
protected override void Initialize()
{
sheep = new Sheep();
pig = new Pig();
SheepMoveSpeed = 5f;
PigMoveSpeed = 4f;
base.Initialize();
}
protected override void LoadContent()
{
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
Vector2 sheepPosition = new Vector2(20, 30);
Vector2 pigPosition = new Vector2(20, 400);
sheep.Initialize(Content.Load<Texture2D>("Sheep"), sheepPosition);
pig.Initialize(Content.Load<Texture2D>("Pig"), pigPosition);
}
protected override void UnloadContent()
{
}
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
this.Exit();
previousKeyboardState = currentKeyboardState;
currentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState();
UpdateSheep(gameTime);
UpdatePig(gameTime);
base.Update(gameTime);
}
private void UpdateSheep(GameTime gameTime)
{
if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left))
sheep.SheepPosition.X -= SheepMoveSpeed;
if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right))
sheep.SheepPosition.X += SheepMoveSpeed;
}
private void UpdatePig(GameTime gameTime)
{
if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A))
pig.PigPosition.X -= PigMoveSpeed;
if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.D))
pig.PigPosition.X += PigMoveSpeed;
}
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.White);
spriteBatch.Begin();
sheep.Draw(spriteBatch);
pig.Draw(spriteBatch);
spriteBatch.End();
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
}
So far the game is made up of nothing but a player class (Sheep) and the Game1.cs. There is also a pig class; identical to the sheep one.
Basically, whenever I hold 'Right Arrow', the sprite moves jerky and unevenly, sometimes slowing down to almost stationary, and sometimes it moves normally for a moment before lagging again.
It's not just the sprite movement, but it's the FPS. I know this because I've encountered this lag on a previous game and it caused the background music to stop and the timer from ticking.
Any ideas what might be causing this?
Well good news, it looks like it is nothing major! A thing I always encourage new XNA programmers to do, is add Elapsed time! Basicly, depending on how fast your system is running at a given time, may effect how fast your sprite moves depending on how many frames per seconds you have. If you tried this on a different computer it may run at a completely different speed.
To correct this you need to modify your UpdateAnimal() Methods
private void UpdateSheep(GameTime gameTime)
{
//How much time has passed since the last frame, incase we lag and skip a frame, or take too long, we can process accordingly
float elapsed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;
if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left))
sheep.SheepPosition.X -= SheepMoveSpeed * elapsed; // Multiply by elapsed!
if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right))
sheep.SheepPosition.X += SheepMoveSpeed * elapsed;
}
Now, depending on your computer specs, elapsed will be a very small fraction of 1 (second) so you will need to increase your SheepMoveSpeed until your sprite starts moving.
If this dosen't work, you can try using a profiler to see what is causing lag, or add an fps timer to see if it is really "laggy" or just a matter of not moving properly.
I would also encourage you to create an Animal class, and create other classes that inherit from it.
I'm a complete newbie at XNA and I am currently learning from this tutorial:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb203893.aspx
The problem occurs when running the program after completion of step five. I don't think it's a typo as others have pointed out the same problem in the comments.
My sprite is meant to bounce around the screen automatically when my program is run, however is does not move even a pixel from 0,0.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
namespace WindowsGame1
{
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
protected override void Initialize()
{
base.Initialize();
}
Texture2D myTexture;
Vector2 spritePosition = Vector2.Zero;
Vector2 spriteSpeed = new Vector2(50.0f, 50.0f);
protected override void LoadContent()
{
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
myTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Main");
}
protected override void UnloadContent()
{
}
void UpdateSprite(GameTime gameTime)
{
//Move the sprite by speed, scaled by elapsed time
spritePosition +=
spriteSpeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;
int MaxX =
graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width - myTexture.Width;
int MinX = 0;
int MaxY =
graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height - myTexture.Height;
int MinY = 0;
//Check for bounce.
if (spritePosition.X > MaxX)
{
spriteSpeed.X *= -1;
spritePosition.X = MaxX;
}
else if (spritePosition.X < MinX)
{
spriteSpeed.X *= -1;
spritePosition.X = MinX;
}
if (spritePosition.Y > MaxY)
{
spriteSpeed.Y *= -1;
spritePosition.Y = MaxY;
}
else if (spritePosition.Y < MinY)
{
spriteSpeed.Y *= -1;
spritePosition.Y = MinY;
}
}
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);
spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend);
spriteBatch.Draw(myTexture, spritePosition, Color.White);
spriteBatch.End();
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
}
UpdateSprite method is not called from anywhere...
You should override the Update method and call your UpdateSprite method from there...
EDIT:
Add this to your game class:
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
UpdateSprite(gameTime);
}
I am trying to make a game and I want "enemies" or meteors to spawn from the right side and going to the left side. I am working on some code and it seems to be working pretty good but the respawning fails. They end up spawning one and one REALLY slow and then after a while they don't spawn at all. All help would be really appreciated.
Here's my code:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
namespace WindowsGame2
{
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
List<Enemies> enemies = new List<Enemies>();
Random random = new Random();
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
protected override void Initialize()
{
base.Initialize();
}
protected override void LoadContent()
{
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
}
protected override void UnloadContent()
{
}
float spawn = 0;
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
// Allows the game to exit
if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
this.Exit();
spawn += (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;
foreach (Enemies enemy in enemies)
{
enemy.Update(graphics.GraphicsDevice);
}
LoadEnemies();
base.Update(gameTime);
}
public void LoadEnemies()
{
int randY = random.Next(100, 400);
if (spawn > 1)
{
spawn = 0;
if (enemies.Count() < 10)
enemies.Add(new Enemies(Content.Load<Texture2D>("meteor"), new Vector2(1110, randY)));
}
for (int i = 0; i < enemies.Count; i++)
{
if (!enemies[i].isVisible)
{
enemies.RemoveAt(i);
i--;
}
}
}
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);
spriteBatch.Begin();
foreach (Enemies enemy in enemies)
{
enemy.Draw(spriteBatch);
}
spriteBatch.End();
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
}
and here's my class:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
namespace WindowsGame2
{
class Enemies
{
public Texture2D texture;
public Vector2 position;
public Vector2 velocity;
public bool isVisible = true;
Random random = new Random();
int randX, randY;
public Enemies(Texture2D newTexture, Vector2 newPosition)
{
texture = newTexture;
position = newPosition;
randX = random.Next(-4, 4);
randY = random.Next(-4, -1);
velocity = new Vector2(randX, randY);
}
public void Update(GraphicsDevice graphics)
{
position += velocity;
if (position.Y <= 0 || position.Y >= graphics.Viewport.Height - texture.Height)
{
velocity.Y = -velocity.Y;
}
if (position.X < 0 - texture.Width)
{
isVisible = false;
}
}
public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch)
{
spriteBatch.Draw(texture, position, Color.White);
}
}
}
Your problem lies here. Some of your meteors are moving right and some are not moving at all.
randX = random.Next(-4, 4);
Try using
randX = random.Next(-4, -1);
Your enemies/meteors sometimes had a velocity on the X that was between 0 and 4, so they moved right.
I can see you changed the Y to this, maybe you got them mixed up?