How to programmatically pair a bluetooth device - c#

I recently bought a Lilypad Simblee BLE Board and I'd like to pair it programmatically to my computer (using the 32feet.NET library in C#).
I'm aware the "How to programmatically pair a bluetooth device" has already been asked on StackOverflow (here for example), however for some reason, all my attempts to pair the device programmatically have failed. Indeed, I successfully paired the device with the "Manage Bluetooth devices" window in Windows 10 Settings panel (Settings > Devices > Bluetooth).
Firstly, I don't know the pairing method (either legacy or SSP) to use with my device. Windows never asked me for a PIN or something, so I guess it's SSP, but I'm unsure.
I searched on Google how to do a SSP pairing request with 32feet.NET: I found this.
However, once it discovered my device (the device discovery works properly), the pairing request instantly fails.
My code:
using InTheHand.Net.Bluetooth;
using InTheHand.Net.Sockets;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace HLK_Client
{
class HLKBoard
{
public event HLKBoardEventHandler HLKBoardConnectionComplete;
public delegate void HLKBoardEventHandler(object sender, HLKBoardEventArgs e);
private BluetoothClient _bluetoothClient;
private BluetoothComponent _bluetoothComponent;
private List<BluetoothDeviceInfo> _inRangeBluetoothDevices;
private BluetoothDeviceInfo _hlkBoardDevice;
private EventHandler<BluetoothWin32AuthenticationEventArgs> _bluetoothAuthenticatorHandler;
private BluetoothWin32Authentication _bluetoothAuthenticator;
public HLKBoard()
{
_bluetoothClient = new BluetoothClient();
_bluetoothComponent = new BluetoothComponent(_bluetoothClient);
_inRangeBluetoothDevices = new List<BluetoothDeviceInfo>();
_bluetoothAuthenticatorHandler = new EventHandler<BluetoothWin32AuthenticationEventArgs>(_bluetoothAutenticator_handlePairingRequest);
_bluetoothAuthenticator = new BluetoothWin32Authentication(_bluetoothAuthenticatorHandler);
_bluetoothComponent.DiscoverDevicesProgress += _bluetoothComponent_DiscoverDevicesProgress;
_bluetoothComponent.DiscoverDevicesComplete += _bluetoothComponent_DiscoverDevicesComplete;
}
public void ConnectAsync()
{
_inRangeBluetoothDevices.Clear();
_hlkBoardDevice = null;
_bluetoothComponent.DiscoverDevicesAsync(255, true, true, true, false, null);
}
private void PairWithBoard()
{
Console.WriteLine("Pairing...");
bool pairResult = BluetoothSecurity.PairRequest(_hlkBoardDevice.DeviceAddress, null);
if (pairResult)
{
Console.WriteLine("Success");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Fail"); // Instantly fails
}
}
private void _bluetoothComponent_DiscoverDevicesProgress(object sender, DiscoverDevicesEventArgs e)
{
_inRangeBluetoothDevices.AddRange(e.Devices);
}
private void _bluetoothComponent_DiscoverDevicesComplete(object sender, DiscoverDevicesEventArgs e)
{
for (int i = 0; i < _inRangeBluetoothDevices.Count; ++i)
{
if (_inRangeBluetoothDevices[i].DeviceName == "HLK")
{
_hlkBoardDevice = _inRangeBluetoothDevices[i];
PairWithBoard();
return;
}
}
HLKBoardConnectionComplete(this, new HLKBoardEventArgs(false, "Didn't found any \"HLK\" discoverable device"));
}
private void _bluetoothAutenticator_handlePairingRequest(object sender, BluetoothWin32AuthenticationEventArgs e)
{
e.Confirm = true; // Never reach this line
}
}
}
Why does the pairing request fail?

The answer to the question you linked has a plausible suggestion... did you read it?
Also you should look at this question as well.
32feet library is built around legacy pairing, so that you either need to know the pin of the device you are connecting to, or you supply it with a null to get a popup window to enter a pin.
It also says that the windows function used by 32feet is deprecated in newer versions of windows. If that's true, the reason it's failing instantly is because you've passed a null pin in your pairing request and for it to proceed windows needs to show a dialog which no longer exists.
What happens if you try to connect with the pin "0000" or "1234" ?
I'm looking at the source code of WindowsBluetoothSecurity.cs in 32feet.net and I see if a pairing request fails, it logs the error code to Debug.WriteLine, any chance you could post that error code here?
One good work around to this problem might be to import BluetoothAuthenticateDeviceEx and use that manually to complete the pairing request. If you don't want to do this manually, it looks like in the latest version of the 32feet source, there is actually a SSP pairing method that utilises this method but it's not public and it's not used anywhere so you'll need to access it via reflection:
typeof(BluetoothSecurity)
.GetMethod("PairRequest", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic)
.Invoke(null, new object[] { _hlkBoardDevice.DeviceAddress, BluetoothAuthenticationRequirements.MITMProtectionNotRequired });

Related

Trouble Connecting To Known Bluetooth Device

I am using 32Feet.Net's sample (list below) with using statements removed for brevity.
static void Main(string[] args)
{
BluetoothClient client = new BluetoothClient();
BluetoothDeviceInfo device = null;
foreach (var dev in client.DiscoverDevices())
{
if (dev.DeviceName.Contains("moto g(6)"))
{
device = dev;
break;
}
}
client.Connect(device.DeviceAddress, BluetoothService.SerialPort);
client.Close();
}
The line client.Connect(device.DeviceAddress, BluetoothService.SerialPort); blows up with this error {"The requested address is not valid in its context 601D914C50BF:0000110100001000800000805f9b34fb"}.
The only thing I altered in the sample was to find my smart phone, the moto g6. What am I missing?
Before putting a bounty on this question, I need to clarify that I am also looking for documentation or examples of having a desktop computer running Windows 10 be able to receive a file from iOS or Android and without having to use the built-in Bluetooth step by step in Windows 10. I would like to know what to do to correct the error.
I realize there is Command Line Bluetooth, but it would be nice to click a button in a gui and transfer a file using 32Feet.net.
Looks like the issue is because of services that are running on the device https://archive.codeplex.com/?p=32feet
Are you sure that device you are using has SerialPort profile running?
Also, Can you try the following code by using
private void BluetoothClientConnectCallback(IAsyncResult ar)
{
// Write your Call Back Code here
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
BluetoothClient client = new BluetoothClient();
AllDevices = client.DiscoverDevicesInRange();
foreach (BluetoothDeviceInfo Device in AllDevices)
{
if (Device.DeviceName.Equals("moto g(6)"))
{
if (!client.Connected)
client = new BluetoothClient();
client.BeginConnect(Device.DeviceAddress, Device.InstalledServices[0], this.BluetoothClientConnectCallback, client);
break;
}
}
client.Close();
}
Also, you have to pair your device before connecting. Check here
BluetoothSecurity.PairRequest(Device.DeviceAddress,"123456");

How to use Bluetooth in C#/.net?

I'm trying to do an UI with C# on Visual Studio (on PC[windows10]) and connect some bluetooth devices.
I'm using Windows.Devices.Radios & Windows.Devices.Bluetooth, but I have some troubles with that. After few steps I try to use the bluetooth when I press a button.
This is the code
private async void btnStart_ClickAsync(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Repl test = new Repl();
var radio = await Radio.RequestAccessAsync();
if (access != RadioAccessStatus.Allowed)
{
return;
}
BluetoothAdapter adapter = await BluetoothAdapter.GetDefaultAsync();
if (null != adapter)
{
var btRadio = await adapter.GetRadioAsync();
if (bluetoothState)
{
await btRadio.SetStateAsync(RadioState.On);
}
else
{
await btRadio.SetStateAsync(RadioState.Off);
}
}
string connect = $"connect {macRight}\r\n";
//string start = "start\r\n";
await BaseCommands.repl.ParseLine(connect);
}
after the 1st request I'm always in the "return;"
I saw some people saying use x32 or x64 and x86. I already try that but I don't know why it doesn't work for me ...
I also saw some post saying change something in the Manifest, but I don't know where to find it :/
I'm a beginner with C#/.NET so if someone can help me to fix that i will appreciate =)
PS : I have another project which use bluetooth and it work perfectly so I have no ideas to fix my own project ...

Ozeki VoIP not receiving audio

I have been working on a Softphone project in c# and have been using Ozeki VoIP SDK.
So far I have got the softphone successfully registering and making outbound calls. However, I can not hear the called party but they can hear me. (Me being the softphone and called party being a Cisco SPA504G Phone)
2-Way audio is fine when using other applications (Such as X-Lite)
The SIP Trace shows I am sending but not receiving any RTP packages, is this something I have done wrong in my code (See below) or an issue on the PBX side. (Thirdlane PBX)
void CreateCall()
{
string numberToDial = txtNum.Text;
logOutput("Call " + numberToDial);
txtLog.ScrollToCaret();
call = softphone.CreateCallObject(phoneLine, numberToDial);
call.CallStateChanged += call_CallStateChanged;
call.Start();
}
private void SetupDevices()
{
connector.Connect(microphone, mediaSender);
connector.Connect(mediaReceiver, speaker);
mediaSender.AttachToCall(call);
mediaReceiver.AttachToCall(call);
microphone.Start();
speaker.Start();
}
void call_CallStateChanged(object sender, CallStateChangedArgs e)
{
if (e.State == CallState.Answered)
{
WireUpCallEvents();
}
if (e.State == CallState.Completed)
{
WireDownCallEvents();
}
logOutput("Call state: " + e.State);
}
private void WireUpCallEvents()
{
call.CallStateChanged += (call_CallStateChanged);
SetupDevices();
}
private void WireDownCallEvents()
{
call.CallStateChanged -= (call_CallStateChanged);
}
After trying another extension on another PBX I found that the issue was caused by the additional setting "nat" not being set. Once I set this with the value "yes" I was able to get 2-way audio on both parties.
This was a Thridlane PBX so the setting was in "Selected Tenants PBX" => "Extensions and Contacts" => "User Extensions" => (The extension number I was using) => Phone.

Skype bot (translation from VB) not working

I was following a tutorial on youtube on how to create a simple Skype bot. It was written in VB and with my limited knowledge I did my best to recreate it in C#
I stumbled upon "handles" which I can only assume is related to the eventhandler in C#
This is the code I've got so far but when I message myself from another skype account it doesn't respond. I've made sure to accept the little popup on skype that allows 3rd party software.
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
Skype oSkype = new Skype();
string trigger = "!";
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
oSkype.Attach(7, false);
oSkype.MessageStatus += new _ISkypeEvents_MessageStatusEventHandler(oSkype_MessageStatus);
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void oSkype_MessageStatus(ChatMessage pMessage, TChatMessageStatus Status)
{
if (Status == TChatMessageStatus.cmsReceived || Status == TChatMessageStatus.cmsSent)
{
string msg = pMessage.Body;
Chat c = pMessage.Chat;
if (msg.StartsWith(trigger))
{
listBox1.Items.Add(DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString() + ": " + pMessage.Sender.Handle + " sent you a message");
msg = msg.Remove(0, 1).ToLower();
if (msg == "test")
{
c.SendMessage("Test");
}
else
{
c.SendMessage("Unrecognizable command.");
}
}
}
}
}
The code from the tutorial that I was following had this instead:
oSkype_MessageStatus(pMessage as ChatMessage, Status as TChatMessageStatus) Handles oSkype.MessageStatus
The closest to what I could come to implement this in c# was to add the void to the eventhandler in public Form1() which you can see in my code.
Thanks in advance!
Skype4Com's chat functions are not supported in the newer Skype versions. They were deprecated somewhere in-between 2013-2014.
From Skype's blog post Feature evolution and support for the Skype Desktop API:
Iā€™m happy to share that we will be extending support for two of the most widely used features ā€“ call recording and compatibility with hardware devices ā€“ until we determine alternative options or retire the current solution. Although chat via third party applications, will cease to work as previously communicated.
It has been a while since I have worked with COM Skype bots, but your code seems to be fine.
Nevertheless, I would suggest you to move to a modern approach on bots. Please check out the new Microsoft Bot Framework

Pair bluetooth devices to a computer with 32feet .NET Bluetooth library

If you want to know how to use 32feet.NET library to communicate with bluetooth devices, read the solution
I am currently trying to communicate via bluetooth between a computer and a self-built .NET Gadgeteer prototype.
The Gadgeteer prototype consists of the mainboard, a power supply and a bluetooth module. The module is in discoverable mode.
On the computer a custom bluetooth program based on 32feet .NET Bluetooth is running. The program detects all bluetooth devices in range and tries to pair with them. However, this is not done automatically at the moment, I have to enter a pairing code for the device.
How can I pair devices without entering the pairing code?
Devices are found, the problem is the pairing part. I experimented a lot, but didn't find a solution...
foreach (BluetoothDeviceInfo device in this.deviceList)
{
try
{
//BluetoothClient client = new BluetoothClient(this.CreateNewEndpoint(localAddress));
//BluetoothEndPoint ep = this.CreateNewEndpoint(device.DeviceAddress);
EventHandler<BluetoothWin32AuthenticationEventArgs> handler = new EventHandler<BluetoothWin32AuthenticationEventArgs>(HandleRequests);
BluetoothWin32Authentication auth = new BluetoothWin32Authentication(handler);
BluetoothSecurity.PairRequest(device.DeviceAddress, null);
}
}
This code block initiates the pairing and it works, but Windows is asking me to enter the pairing code for the device. I read about the BluetoothWin32Authentication to prevent this case but I don't get it right.
private void HandleRequests(object that, BluetoothWin32AuthenticationEventArgs e)
{
e.Confirm = true;
}
This is the code of the event handler (http://32feet.codeplex.com/wikipage?title=BluetoothWin32Authentication)
If you simply want to allow the pairing to go ahead when to SSP devices are connecting then handling the callback and setting e.Confirm=True will be enough -- but that is a little insecure...
I am confused -.- The goal is that the application and the gadgeteer module can send data in both directions without any user interference.
Is it true that I can't pair devices automatically without user interaction?
Is it true that if two device were already paired they can exchange data without user interaction?
I figured out how to solve my problems and my knowledge about Bluetooth connections is a bit bigger now. If someone else has problems with that, I provide my solution. The code examples represent the C# implementation of a bluetooth controller with the 32feet Bluetooth library.
Scanning
This means that devices in range are detected. My code:
// mac is mac address of local bluetooth device
BluetoothEndPoint localEndpoint = new BluetoothEndPoint(mac, BluetoothService.SerialPort);
// client is used to manage connections
BluetoothClient localClient = new BluetoothClient(localEndpoint);
// component is used to manage device discovery
BluetoothComponent localComponent = new BluetoothComponent(localClient);
// async methods, can be done synchronously too
localComponent.DiscoverDevicesAsync(255, true, true, true, true, null);
localComponent.DiscoverDevicesProgress += new EventHandler<DiscoverDevicesEventArgs>(component_DiscoverDevicesProgress);
localComponent.DiscoverDevicesComplete += new EventHandler<DiscoverDevicesEventArgs>(component_DiscoverDevicesComplete);
private void component_DiscoverDevicesProgress(object sender, DiscoverDevicesEventArgs e)
{
// log and save all found devices
for (int i = 0; i < e.Devices.Length; i++)
{
if (e.Devices[i].Remembered)
{
Print(e.Devices[i].DeviceName + " (" + e.Devices[i].DeviceAddress + "): Device is known");
}
else
{
Print(e.Devices[i].DeviceName + " (" + e.Devices[i].DeviceAddress + "): Device is unknown");
}
this.deviceList.Add(e.Devices[i]);
}
}
private void component_DiscoverDevicesComplete(object sender, DiscoverDevicesEventArgs e)
{
// log some stuff
}
Pairing
This means that devices get coupled with the local bluetooth device. This needs to be done once by entering a code of both sides. Can be done via code so that the user doesn't even notice that a device was added. My code for this purpose:
// get a list of all paired devices
BluetoothDeviceInfo[] paired = localClient.DiscoverDevices(255, false, true, false, false);
// check every discovered device if it is already paired
foreach (BluetoothDeviceInfo device in this.deviceList)
{
bool isPaired = false;
for (int i = 0; i < paired.Length; i++)
{
if (device.Equals(paired[i]))
{
isPaired = true;
break;
}
}
// if the device is not paired, pair it!
if (!isPaired)
{
// replace DEVICE_PIN here, synchronous method, but fast
isPaired = BluetoothSecurity.PairRequest(device.DeviceAddress, DEVICE_PIN);
if (isPaired)
{
// now it is paired
}
else
{
// pairing failed
}
}
}
Connecting
This means establishing a connection and exchanging of data. Again some code:
// check if device is paired
if (device.Authenticated)
{
// set pin of device to connect with
localClient.SetPin(DEVICE_PIN);
// async connection method
localClient.BeginConnect(device.DeviceAddress, BluetoothService.SerialPort, new AsyncCallback(Connect), device);
}
// callback
private void Connect(IAsyncResult result)
{
if (result.IsCompleted)
{
// client is connected now :)
}
}
If you keep the order scan, pair, connect, everything should work fine. To send or receive data, use the GetStream() method of the BluetoothClient. It provides a network stream that can be manipulated.
Receiving a connection
If you want another device to connect with your device you need to listen to incoming connection requests. This only works if the device have already been paired before. My code:
BluetoothListener l = new BluetoothListener(LOCAL_MAC, BluetoothService.SerialPort);
l.Start(10);
l.BeginAcceptBluetoothClient(new AsyncCallback(AcceptConnection), l);
void AcceptConnection(IAsyncResult result){
if (result.IsCompleted){
BluetoothClient remoteDevice = ((BluetoothListener)result.AsyncState).EndAcceptBluetoothClient(result);
}
}
Replace LOCAL_MAC with a valid BluetoothAddress (e.g. by using BluetoothAddress.Parse();). After the devices are connected they can exchange messages via the underlying stream. If the connection does not work there might be authentication issues, so try setting the local device pin in the listener (l.SetPin(LOCAL_MAC, MY_PASSWORD);

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