EntityFramework: How to load List of objects from database? - c#

I have two entities:
public class Booking
{
[Key]
public int Id { get; set; }
public int RoomId { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("RoomId")]
public Room Room { get; set; }
public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }
public DateTime EndDate { get; set; }
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public string DocumentNumber { get; set; }
public string ContactPhone { get; set; }
}
public class Room
{
[Key]
public int RoomId { get; set; }
public int Number { get; set; }
public int Size { get; set; }
public bool HasBalcony { get; set; }
public int Beds_1 { get; set; }
public int Beds_2 { get; set; }
public double DayPrice { get; set; }
public List<Booking> Bookings { get; set; }
...
public int BookingsCount()
{
return Bookings.Count;
}
public bool IsFree(DateTime dateTime)
{
MessageBox.Show(BookingsCount().ToString());
return true;
}
}
and DbContext:
public class HotelContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
public DbSet<Room> Rooms { get; set; }
public DbSet<Booking> Bookings { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Booking>()
.HasRequired(b => b.Room)
.WithMany(r => r.Bookings)
.HasForeignKey(b => b.RoomId);
}
}
When MessageBox.Show is called I'm getting exception: An unhandled exception of type 'System.NullReferenceException' occurred in Hotel.exe
When I'm trying to access Room::Bookings, the list is always null. There is one row in Bookings table and multiple rows in Rooms table.
How can I load all of Bookings into Room object?

Depends where you are in the learning curve, however some things stand out
Firstly
You either want to create a relationship via FluentApi or Annotations, not both
Ie. you have this on your Room entity
[ForeignKey("RoomId")]
And this in fluent
modelBuilder.Entity<Booking>()
.HasRequired(b => b.Room)
.WithMany(r => r.Bookings)
.HasForeignKey(b => b.RoomId);
You need to pick one or the other, otherwise you may end-up with multiple Ids in your Booking i.e RoomId and Room_Id
Secondly
If you want to be able to Lazy Load bookings you need to make Bookings collection Virtual
public virtual List<Booking> Bookings { get; set; }
Lastly
To access your data (presuming your connection string is correct)
using(var db = new HoteContext())
{
var rooms = db.Rooms.Include(x => x.Bookings).ToList();
}
Note : Although EF Lazy loads relationships, you might want to make sure you have included the Room->Booking relationship

Consider the following code.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
namespace ConsoleApp
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
using (MyDbContext dbContext = new MyDbContext())
{
dbContext.Departments.Add(new Department()
{
Name = "Some Department1",
Employees=new List<Employee>()
{
new Employee() { Name = "John Doe" }
}
});
dbContext.SaveChanges();
var department = dbContext.Departments.FirstOrDefault(d => d.Name == "Some Department1");
if (department.Employees != null)
{
foreach (var item in department.Employees)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.Name);
}
}
}
}
}
public class Department
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public List<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
}
public class Employee
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class MyDbContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Department> Departments { get; set; }
public DbSet<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
}
}
If you have the code in above way, the control will not go into if condition, because department.Employees is null. Now, change the Department entity as follows.
public class Department
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public virtual List<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
}
And now you should be able to see control go into if condition and outputs the employees name.
That is called Lazy Loading.
If you want to eagerly load, you don't have to put virtual to the property. You can Include the properties as follows.
var department = dbContext.Departments.Include(d => d.Employees).FirstOrDefault(d => d.Name == "Some Department1");
Now you can see the employees names are getting outputted.

You will absolutely run into performance trouble with your design here.
The temptation with EF is to completely map your object model to the DB and have EF do all the magic for you behind the scenes. But you need to think about it in terms of only getting specifically what you need from the db at any point in time. Otherwise you will get all kinds of cartesian product issues. I highly suggest you get yourself a copy of Hibernating Rhino's EF Profiler or similar so you can analyze your code statically and at runtime for EF performance issues (and see what SQL it is generating). For this what you want is a purpose built call to the DB to get the count. Otherwise what will happen is you will pull the entire table of Bookings and then have C# give you the count. That only makes sense if you want to do something with the whole list. Two options would be:
1) Create a VIEW against the Bookings table and map that to EF. The view would look something like SELECT ROOMS.ROOMID, COUNT(*) - you map this view to your model and voila now you have a list of counts by room (id) and you can use them individually or sum it up to get your total count for all rooms. If you have 1,000 bookings in 10 rooms, you are getting back only 10 rows from the DB. Whereas with your design, you are pulling back all 1,000 bookings with all their fields and then filtering down in C#. Bad juju.
2) The architecturally and conceptually simpler approach is going to be to do a direct query as such (obviously this returns only a single int from the db):
public int BookingsCount()
{
int count = 0;
try
{
using (var context = new HotelContext())
{
var sql ="SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Bookings WHERE ROOMID=" + this.RoomId;
count = context.Database.SqlQuery<int>(sql).First();
}
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// Log your error, count will be 0 by default
}
return count;
}

A simple solution would be making the Bookings property virtual.
public class Room
{
[Key]
public int RoomId { get; set; }
public int Number { get; set; }
public int Size { get; set; }
public bool HasBalcony { get; set; }
public int Beds_1 { get; set; }
public int Beds_2 { get; set; }
public double DayPrice { get; set; }
public virtual List<Booking> Bookings { get; set; }
}
More information on Entity Framework Loading Related Entities,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj574232(v=vs.113).aspx

Related

One to zero or one relationship Entity Framework, getting the relation of an entity

I'm trying to establish a one to zero or one relationship in EF Core, but I can't seem to go into a model and get it's related model.
public class Voucher
{
[Key]
public long id { get; set; }
public long voucherId { get; set; }
public long number { get; set; }
public string Type { get; set; }
public string description { get; set; }
public DateTime date { get; set; }
public int paymentId { get; set; }
public Invoice invoice { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("client")]
public long clientFK { get; set; }
public Client client { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> posts { get; set; } = new List<Post>();
}
public class Invoice
{
[Key, ForeignKey("voucher")]
public long voucherFK { get; set; }
public long invoiceId { get; set; }
public string clientId { get; set; }
public DateTime dueDate { get; set; }
public decimal amountTotal { get; set; }
public string specification { get; set; }
public string invoicePdf { get; set; }
public long orderId { get; set; }
public Voucher voucher { get; set; }
public ICollection<InvoiceLine> invoiceLines { get; set; } = new List<InvoiceLine>();
}
Now I can create Vouchers without the need for an invoice, and unnable to create an invoice without a voucher. (I've also tried several other ways to map this relationship)
The problem is when I'm trying to fetch invoices that are bound to vouchers or the other way around.
Here's an example of how I tried to do it:
[HttpGet("testing1")]
public List<Voucher> getInvoiceTest(string filter)
{
long tenantId = getTenantId();
DateTime comparisonDate = compareDates(filter);
var invoices = _warehouseDb.Invoices
.Where(v => v.voucher.client.tenantFK == tenantId)
.Where(d => d.voucher.date >= comparisonDate)
.OrderByDescending(p => p.voucher.paymentId).ThenByDescending(d => d.voucher.date)
.ToList();
//return invoices;
List<Voucher> vouchers = new List<Voucher>();
for (int i = 0; i < invoices.Count - 1; i++)
{
if (invoices[i].voucher != null)
{
Console.WriteLine("i value: " + i);
Voucher voucher = new Voucher();
voucher = invoices[i].voucher;
vouchers.Add(voucher);
}
}
return vouchers;
}
I've tried without the ending forloop to see if I actually get a list of invoices, and I do. The filter part is just to get it within the correct time-span.
Once I reach the forloop, it can't seem to get any vouchers connected to any of the invoices.
Have I connected the models wrong or what's going on? This exact type of code works for other models where the relationship is one-to-many.
I've also tried mapping the models with virtual tag to see if it made any difference. I also had invoices save a FK for vouchers, but my main goal is to go through a list of vouchers and get it's invoice.
Any suggestion is appreciated, if not, thanks for reading.
I'm using Entity framework core and postgreSQL

Handling Nested Objects in Entity Framework

I am struggling a bit to wrap my head around Entity Framework and It's driving me crazy. I have an target object that I'd like to populate:
public class ApiInvitationModel
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public EventModel Event { get; set; }
public UserModel InvitationSentTo { get; set; }
public UserModel AttendingUser { get; set; }
}
The schemas of the above models are:
public class EventModel {
public int Id? { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public DateTime? StartDate { get; set; }
public DateTime? EndDate { get; set }
public OrganizationModel HostingOrganization { get; set; }
public Venue Venue { get; set; }
public string Price { get; set; }
}
public class UserModel {
public int Id? { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
public string MobileNumber { get; set; }
public List<OrganizationModel> Organizations { get; set; }
}
public class OrganizationModel {
public int Id? { get; set; }
public stirng Name { get; set; }
public string Address { get; set; }
public UserModel PrimaryContact { get; set; }
}
The above schemas are simplified for the purpose of the question and are the models we intend to return via API.
The problem is the origin schemas in the database is very different and I'm trying to map the database objects to these objects via Entity Framework 6.
My attempted solution was to try and nest the models via a query but that didn't work and I'm not sure where to go from here besides making numerous calls to the database.
public List<ApiInvitationModel> GetInvitations(int userId) {
using (var entities = new Entities()) {
return entities.EventInvitations
.Join(entities.Users, invitation => invitiation.userId, user => user.id, (invitation, user) => new {invitation, user})
.Join(entities.Events, model => model.invitation.eventId, ev => ev.id, (model, ev) => new {model.invitation, model.user, ev})
.Join(entities.organization, model => model.user.organizationId, organization => organization.id, (model, organization) => new ApiInvitationModel
{
Id = model.invitation.id,
Event = new EventModel {
Id = model.event.id,
Name = model.event.name,
StartDate = model.event.startDate,
EndDate = model.event.endDate,
HostingOrganization = new OrganizationModel {
Id = model.invitation.hostingId,
Name = model.event.venueName,
Address = model.event.address,
PrimaryContact = new UserModel {
Name = model.event.contactName,
PhoneNumber = model.event.contactNumber,
}
}
...
},
InvitedUser = {
}
}
).ToList();
}
}
As you can see above, there's quite a bit of nesting going on but this doesn't work in Entity Framework 6 as far as I am aware. I keep getting the following errors:
"The type 'Entities.Models.API.UserModel' appears in two structurally incompatible initializations within a single LINQ to Entities query. A type can be initialized in two places in the same query, but only if the same properties are set in both places and those properties are set in the same order.",
Based on the above error, I assumed that each of the model initiatilizations would need to be the same (i.e. initializing the values as the same ApiInvitationModel in each join in the same order) but that produces the same error.
What would be the best approach to handling this, keepign in mind the source database doesn't have foreign keys implemented?

Get data from nested table using entity framework

First of all this is my first question in the forum so please excuse me for any writing mistake.
I have 4 tables
attaching the table diagram
What I want is to get list of attraction name joining 'tblattraction' with 'tblattractionmaster' and count of the exact attraction for each place from 'tblattractions' using 'locationid' , I am using entity framework but don't know how to do that,
Disclaimer:
Each location can consist Multiple Places
Each Place can consist Multiple Attractions
What I have tried
return context.tblLocationMasters.Select(t => new details()
{
locationid = t.LocationId,
locationname = t.LocationName,
attractions =t.tblPlaces.SelectMany(a => a.tblAttractions).Select(b => new attractions(){
AttractionName=b.tblAttractionMaster.attractionname//(Not working),
TotalAttractions=0//???
}).ToList()
}).ToList();
I recreated your model (slightly different) using Code First. I came up with the following structure:
public class Location
{
public int LocationId { get; set; }
public string LocationName { get; set; }
public ICollection<Place> Places { get; set; }
}
public class Place
{
public int PlaceId { get; set; }
public string PlaceName { get; set; }
public int LocationId { get; set; }
public Location Location { get; set; }
public ICollection<AttractionPlace> Attractions { get; set; }
}
public class Attraction
{
public int AttractionId { get; set; }
public string AttractionName { get; set; }
}
public class AttractionPlace
{
public int AttractionPlaceId { get; set; }
public int PlaceId { get; set; }
public Place Place { get; set; }
public int AttractionId { get; set; }
public Attraction Attraction { get; set; }
}
Then, I could get the results in the way you needed with the following query:
var query = (from loc in db.Locations
join pla in db.Places.Include(x => x.Attractions) on loc.LocationId equals pla.LocationId
let count = pla.Attractions.Count()
select new
{
loc.LocationId,
loc.LocationName,
Attractions = pla.Attractions.Select(z => new
{
pla.PlaceName,
z.AttractionId,
z.Attraction.AttractionName
}),
AttractionsByPlaceCount = count
});
The query above returns data in this format
Just a side note though: I didn't went further to see the performance of this query. The SQL generated by Linq wasn't that bad, but you should consider analyzing it before actually using it in production.

Project data with children and grandchildren entities

I'm trying to get data in a suitable format for an api
What I would like is
Place
--Rating1
---RatingImage1.1
---RatingImage1.2
---UserName
---UserId
--Rating2
---RatingImage2.1
---RatingImage2.2
---UserName
---UserId
In a nutshell im trying to fetch a place, with its ratings(and rating images), with the names of the users who did the rating given the googlePlaceId
Tried this but it goes and does some circular fetching where once it fetches the user it then fetches the user rating and the response becomes massive
context.Places
.Include(x => x.Ratings.Select(y => y.User))
.Include(x => x.Ratings.Select(c => c.RatingImages))
.Single(x => x.GooglePlaceId == googlePlaceId);
I think projection or linq joins must be the way, but i havent had any success yet.
here are my POCOS
Place Poco
public class Place
{
public Place()
{
Ratings = new List<Rating>();
Favourites = new List<Favourite>();
}
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string GooglePlaceId { get; set; }
public ICollection<Rating> Ratings { get; set; }
public ICollection<Favourite> Favourites { get; set; }
}
Rating POCO
public class Rating
{
public Rating()
{
RatingImages = new List<RatingImage>();
}
public int Id { get; set; }
public float RatingValue { get; set; }
public string RatingComment { get; set; }
public int PlaceId { get; set; }
public Place Place { get; set; }
public string UserId { get; set; }
public AspNetUser User { get; set; }
public ICollection<RatingImage> RatingImages { get; set; }
}
User POCO
public partial class AspNetUser
{
public string UserName { get; set; }
public string Id { get; set; }
// the rest of the fields are omitted
}
Although you've omitted the definition of AspNetUser, I'm guessing it has a navigation property back to Ratings. Is this required anywhere else in your application? It won't affect the structure of your database, and removing it would allow your projection to work exactly as you've got it here. You'd still be able to display all ratings by a single user using a separate query - you've got to optimise for your most common scenario though.

What's the proper way to get data using Entity Framework so you can navigate through objects?

I have a .Net 4.5 MVC 5 database first project that I'm playing around with. There's a data access layer (Entity Framework 6), a business logic layer and the MVC layer.
If I have an object with relationships in the data layer:
namespace DataAccess
{
public class Course
{
public int CourseID { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public ICollection<Lecture> Lectures { get; set; }
public ICollection<Tutor> Tutors { get; set; }
}
public class Lecture
{
public int LectureID { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public DateTime Date { get; set; }
public ICollection<Student> Students { get; set; }
}
public class Tutor
{
public int TutorID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class Student
{
public int StudentID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}
And in my business logic layer I have a method that gets courses:
namespace BusinessLogic
{
public static IEnumerable<Course> GetCourses()
{
using (var db = new MyEntities())
{
return db.Courses.Include("Lectures").Include("Lectures.Students").Include("Tutors").ToList();
}
}
}
And I get the data using my controller like this:
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
{
var courses = BusinessLogic.GetCourses();
return View(courses);
}
}
Why is it, when I query my data in the Razor view like this:
var numLectures = courses.Lectures.Count;
var numStudents = courses.Lectures.Students.Count;
var tutorName = courses.Tutors.LastOrDefault().Name;
I get the application error System.ObjectDisposedException: The ObjectContext instance has been disposed and can no longer be used for operations that require a connection.
I know the connection is disposed after the using statement has finished and that .ToList() will let me navigate the courses object, but how do I navigate the objects inside each course (i.e. lectures, students, tutors etc.)?
Your navigation properties need to be declared as virtual:
namespace DataAccess
{
public class Course
{
public int CourseID { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Lecture> Lectures { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Tutor> Tutors { get; set; }
}
public class Lecture
{
public int LectureID { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public DateTime Date { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Student> Students { get; set; }
}
...
}
When these lazy loadable properties are not marked as virtual, the EF dynamic proxies cannot override them and you will never be able to navigate from one entity to a (set of) another.
Another bit of advice: use the strongly-typed .Include when eager loading:
namespace BusinessLogic
{
public static IEnumerable<Course> GetCourses()
{
using (var db = new MyEntities())
{
return db.Courses
.Include(x => x.Lectures.Select(y => y.Students))
.Include(x => x.Tutors)
.ToList();
}
}
}
I think the problem is because one (or more than one) property that you are calling in your View is (are) not included in your query. Make sure you are including all the navigation properties you need in the view. Try with this query:
using (var db = new MyEntities())
{
return db.Courses.db.Courses.Include(c=>c.Lectures.Select(l=>l.Students)).Include(c=>c.Tutors‌​).ToList()
}
If you need to add another relative property that you use in your View, then add another Include call for that property.
Another thing, when you need to eager load two levels (like Lectures.Students), you don't need to add a Include call for each level, with the call that you do for the second level is enough to include both. Could be this way:
.Include("Lectures.Students") // as you did it
Or:
.Include(c=>c.Lectures.Select(l=>l.Students))

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