I'm writing a source generator in C#, and I've got 2 objects that I need to compare to see if they relate to the same class, but I can't find a way to do it.
My first object is an instance of ClassDeclarationSyntax. This is coming from my custom ISyntaxContextReceiver to find classes that match specific conditions.
Elsewhere in my generator I have an IdentifierNameSyntax object, which is coming from looking at the types within a TypeOfExpressionSyntax that I find within a different class's list of attributes.
I need to compare the two objects here to see if they are talking about the same thing.
With the IdentifierNameSyntax I can get the type information by using the semantic model:
ITypeSymbol semanticType = semanticModel.GetTypeInfo(targetType).Type;
But I don't know how to compare this ITypeSymbol against ClassDeclarationSyntax either.
Is there a way to do this, or is there a way to get the semantic model type information for a ClassDeclarationSyntax object?
The method you are looking for is GetDeclaredSymbol on semanticModel. As you can see from the documentation, there are huge number of overloads which will allow you to get the associated symbol information for not only classes, but also fields, methods, properties, events, parameters, and so forth. Definitely a method you'll want to keep in your back pocket!
A theoretical question now.
As I understand methods are used to implement some sort of behavior and properties are used to retain some state of the object.
I found that XContainer.Nodes() as well as XElement.Attributes() are implemented as methods, not properties. And, IMHO, other methods that should be implemented as properties: XNode.ElementsAfterSelf(), XNode.ElementsBeforeSelf() XNode.NodesAfterSelf() and so forth.
So, everything that returns IEnumerable of something is implemented as method (not property) in Linq to XML.
What is the reason for that? I mean does it serve some specific case or it's just a mistake like for example String.Split() method, that returns char array instead of more expected IEnumerable<char>?
To quote Microsoft "Choosing Between Properties and Methods":
In general, methods represent actions and properties represent data. Properties are meant to be used like fields, meaning that properties should not be computationally complex or produce side effects. When it does not violate the following guidelines, consider using a property, rather than a method, because less experienced developers find properties easier to use.
Consider using a property if the member represents a logical attribute of the type.
For example, BorderStyle is a property because the style of the border is an attribute of a ListView.
Do use a property, rather than a method, if the value of the property is stored in the process memory and the property would just provide access to the value.
You can also read on "Properties vs Methods" here
I like this explanation from that last link
The operation is expensive enough that you want to communicate to the user that they should consider caching the result.
I have two objects (WS.Customer and EF.Customer). The reason for this is my vendor didn't expose all of the fields in their object (WS.Customer) and I need to insert and update into those fields.
I need to merge WS.Customer -> EF.Customer and later merge EF.Customer -> WS.Customer. EF.Customer will have some extra fields that WS.Customer won't have, but when the field names match - I want the values merged.
I also only want to merge values where the destination field is null, empty, or a default value in case of a Guid.
I know I could use to Linq to query each object and build the other, but is there a less verbose way of doing things? I have some other objects I need to use this approach for and don't feel like spending a weeks typing away.
Thanks
You can use one of the available object-to-object mappers library like AutoMapper or EmitMapper. They will take care of copying the data in both directions and skip fields if properly configured. For example with EmitMapper your code might look like this:
ObjectMapperManager.DefaultInstance
.GetMapper<WS.Customer, EF.Customer>(<your configuration object here>)
.Map(customerSource, customerDestination);
What do you mean by "merged"? I guess you need to "translate" from one instance to another, i.e. copy values when name and type of property matches. Please have a look at the implementation provided in ServiceStack, the extension method of object - TranslateTo method: https://github.com/ServiceStack/ServiceStack/blob/master/src/ServiceStack.Common/ReflectionExtensions.cs#L31
I am warpping an ArcGIS IFeature object with a class that has my required properties to get and set them easily.
Basically, the get and set operations just use feature.get_value(index) and feature.set_value(indes, value), and expose the strongly typed value.
I have several fields that use a domain (basically, an IDictionary<string, object>) to represent common properties across the application.
At first I figured I would only use the keys of the domain (which are normal int values) in my wrapping class, and use the domain in my ToString() method, to translate to strings for the UI.
Later I figured out I can use strings in my applicaiton (which makes it easier to pass around nulls, as the actual domain fields are nullable most of the time), and only change those fields' getters and setters to use GetDomainValue(index) and SetDomainValue(index, value) method that will translate between the key and value to/from the underlying feature object.
What approach do you think is better? I figured the string approach is a bit more "persistent ignorant", as my class doesn't care how the values are being saved, just their string representation.
On the other hand, it makes the code jump through loops a bit - instead of returning what's in the feature, every getter needs to iterate the domain.
You might want to think about representing your domain fields with Nullable< Int32>. This would give you a way to represent features that have a domain value specified but it also allows you to directly specify null where appropriate.
I ended up sticking with the domain values, so that I can also verify that the calling code passed a valid value.
Quick question: When do you decide to use properties (in C#) and when do you decide to use methods?
We are busy having this debate and have found some areas where it is debatable whether we should use a property or a method. One example is this:
public void SetLabel(string text)
{
Label.Text = text;
}
In the example, Label is a control on a ASPX page. Is there a principle that can govern the decision (in this case) whether to make this a method or a property.
I'll accept the answer that is most general and comprehensive, but that also touches on the example that I have given.
From the Choosing Between Properties and Methods section of Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries:
In general, methods represent actions and properties represent data. Properties are meant to be used like fields, meaning that properties should not be computationally complex or produce side effects. When it does not violate the following guidelines, consider using a property, rather than a method, because less experienced developers find properties easier to use.
Yes, if all you're doing is getting and setting, use a property.
If you're doing something complex that may affect several data members, a method is more appropriate. Or if your getter takes parameters or your setter takes more than a value parameter.
In the middle is a grey area where the line can be a little blurred. There is no hard and fast rule and different people will sometimes disagree whether something should be a property or a method. The important thing is just to be (relatively) consistent with how you do it (or how your team does it).
They are largely interchangeable but a property signals to the user that the implementation is relatively "simple". Oh and the syntax is a little cleaner.
Generally speaking, my philosophy is that if you start writing a method name that begins with get or set and takes zero or one parameter (respectively) then it's a prime candidate for a property.
Searching through MSDN, I found a reference on Properties vs Methods that provides some great guidelines for creating methods:
The operation is a conversion, such as Object.ToString.
The operation is expensive enough that you want to communicate to the
user that they should consider caching
the result.
Obtaining a property value using the get accessor would have an observable
side effect.
Calling the member twice in succession produces different results.
The order of execution is important. Note that a type's properties should
be able to be set and retrieved in any
order.
The member is static but returns a value that can be changed.
The member returns an array. Properties that return arrays can be
very misleading. Usually it is
necessary to return a copy of the
internal array so that the user cannot
change internal state. This, coupled
with the fact that a user can easily
assume it is an indexed property,
leads to inefficient code.
If you're setting an actual property of your object then you use a property.
If you're performing a task / functionality then you use a method.
In your example, it is a definite property being set.
If however, your functionality was to AppendToLabel then you would use a method.
Properties are a way to inject or retrieve data from an object. They create an abstraction over variables or data within a class. They are analogous to getters and setters in Java.
Methods encapsulate an operation.
In general I use properties to expose single bits of data, or small calculations on a class, like sales tax. Which is derived from the number of items and their cost in a shopping cart.
I use methods when I create an operation, like retrieving data from the database. Any operation that has moving parts, is a candidate for a method.
In your code example I would wrap it in a property if I need to access it outside it's containing class:
public Label Title
{
get{ return titleLabel;}
set{ titleLabel = value;}
}
Setting the text:
Title.Text = "Properties vs Methods";
If I was only setting the Text property of the Label this is how I would do it:
public string Title
{
get{ return titleLabel.Text;}
set{ titleLabel.Text = value;}
}
Setting the text:
Title = "Properties vs Methods";
Symantically properties are attributes of your objects.
Methods are behaviors of your object.
Label is an attribute and it makes more sense to make it a property.
In terms of Object Oriented Programming you should have a clear understanding of what is part of behavior and what is merely an attribute.
Car { Color, Model, Brand }
A car has Color, Model and Brand attributes therefore it does not make sense to have a method SetColor or SetModel because symantically we do not ask Car to set its own color.
So if you map the property/method case to the real life object or look at it from symantic view point, your confusion will really go away.
You need only look at the very name... "Property". What does it mean? The dictionary defines it in many ways, but in this case "an essential or distinctive attribute or quality of a thing" fits best.
Think about the purpose of the action. Are you, in fact, altering or retrieving "an essential or distinctive attribute"? In your example, you are using a function to set a property of a textbox. That seems kind of silly, does it not?
Properties really are functions. They all compile down to getXXX() and setXXX(). It just hides them in syntactic sugar, but it's sugar that provides a semantic meaning to the process.
Think about properties like attributes. A car has many attributes. Color, MPG, Model, etc.. Not all properties are setable, some are calculatable.
Meanwhile, a Method is an action. GetColor should be a property. GetFile() should be a function. Another rule of thumb is, if it doesn't change the state of the object, then it should be a function. For example, CalculatePiToNthDigit(n) should be a function, because it's not actually changing the state of the Math object it's attached to.
This is maybe rambling a bit, but it really boils down to deciding what your objects are, and what they represent. If you can't figure out if it should be a property or function, maybe it doesn't matter which.
Properties should only be simple set and get one liners. Anything more and it should really be moved to a method. Complex code should always be in methods.
I only use properties for variable access, i.e. getting and setting individual variables, or getting and setting data in controls. As soon as any kind of data manipulation is needed/performed, I use methods.
As a matter of design Properties represent Data or Attributes of class object, While methods are actions or behaviors of class object.
In .Net, world there are other implications of using Properties:
Properties are used in Databinding, while get_ / set_ methods are not.
XML serialization user properties as natural mechanism of serilization.
Properties are accessed by PropertyGrid control and intern ICustomTypeDescriptor, which can be used effectively if you are writing a custom library.
Properties are controlled by Attributes, one can use it wisely to design Aspect Oriented softwares.
Misconceptions (IMHO) about Properties' usage:
Used to expose small calculations: ControlDesigner.SelectionRules's get block runs into 72 lines!!
Used to expose internal Data structures: Even if a property does not map to an internal data member, one can use it as property, if its an attribute of your class. Viceversa, even if its an attribute of your class properties are not advisable, to return array like data members (instead methods are used to return deep copy of members.)
In the example here it could have been written, with more business meaning as:
public String Title
{
set { Label.Text = text; }
}
Also big plus for Properties is that value of property can be seen in Visual Studio during debugging.
I prefer to use properties for add/set methods with 1 parameter. If parameters are more, use methods.
Properties are really nice because they are accessible in the visual designer of visual studio, provided they have access.
They use be used were you are merely setting and getting and perhaps some validation that does not access a significant amount of code. Be careful because creating complex objects during validation is not simple.
Anything else methods are the preferred way.
It's not just about semantics. Using properties inappropriate start having weirdness occur in the visual studio visual designer.
For instance I was getting a configuration value within a property of a class. The configuration class actually opens a file and runs an sql query to get the value of that configuration. This caused problems in my application where the configuration file would get opened and locked by visual studio itself rather than my application because was not only reading but writing the configuration value (via the setter method). To fix this I just had to change it to a method.
Here is a good set of guidelines for when to use properties vs methods from Bill Wagner
Use a Property when all these are true:
The getters should be simple and thus unlikely to throw exceptions. Note that this implies no network (or database) access. Either might fail, and therefore would throw an exception.
They should not have dependencies on each other. Note that this would include setting one property and having it affect another. (For example, setting the FirstName property would affect a read-only FullName property that composed the first name + last name properties implies such a dependency )
They should be settable in any order
The getter does not have an observable side effect Note this guideline doesn't preclude some forms of lazy evaluation in a property.
The method must always return immediately. (Note that this precludes a property that makes a database access call, web service call, or other similar operation).
Use a method if the member returns an array.
Repeated calls to the getter (without intervening code) should return the same value.
Repeated calls to the setter (with the same value) should yield no difference from a single call.
The get should not return a reference to internal data structures (See item 23). A method could return a deep copy, and could avoid this issue.
*Taken from my answer to a duplicate question.
This is simple.
1: use property when you want your data should be validated before storing in field. So in this way property provides encapsulation for your fields. Because if you leave your fields public end user may assign any value which may or may not be valid as per your business requirement like age should be greater than 18. So before value is store corresponding field we need to check its validity. In this way properties represent data.
2: Use method when you want perform some action like you are supplying some data as parameter and your method is doing some processing on the basis of supplied values and returning processed value as output. Or you want to change value of some field by this calculation. "In this way method represents action".
I come from java an i used get.. set.. method for a while.
When i write code, i don't ask to my self: "accessing this data is simple or require a heavy process?" because things can change (today retrive this property is simple, tomonrow can require some or heavy process).
Today i have a method SetAge(int age) tomonrow i will have also method SetAge(date birthdate) that calculate the age using the birthdate.
I was very disappointed that the compiler transform property in get and set but don't consider my Get... and Set.. methods as the same.