I have a number
int number = 509; // integer
string bool_number = Convert.ToString(number, 2); // same integer converted to binary no
I want to bitwise or this number with hex values 0x01, 0x02, 0x04 and 0x08.
(e.g. something like this)
result = number | 0x01
How can I do it? Should I convert number to hex form or whats the right way?
You can use hexadecimal values as numeric literals...
int number = 509;
int hexNumber = 0x02;
int newNumber = number | hexNumber;
// whatever
string newNumberAsBinaryString = Convert.ToString(newNumber, 2);
Console.WriteLine(newNumber);
// etc.
If you need to input a hex string and convert it to a numeric type:
int num = Int32.Parse(hexString, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);
If you need to output a numeric type as hex:
Console.WriteLine(num.ToString("x"));
// or
Console.WriteLine("{0:x}", num);
See also MSDN's page on dealing with hex strings.
An int value isn't in any particular base. You can use bitwise operators on an int at any time - there's no need to convert it first. For example:
int a = 509;
int b = 0x1fd;
The variables a and b have exactly the same value here. I happen to have used a decimal literal to initialize a, and a hex literal to initialize b, but the effect is precisely the same.
So you can bitwise OR your ints at any time. Your example (adding a suitable declaration and semicolon to make it compile):
int result = number | 0x01;
will work just fine - you don't need to do anything to prepare number for this sort of usage. (Incidentally, this will do nothing, because the result of a bitwise OR of the numbers 509 and 1 is 509. If you write 509 in binary you get 111111101 - the bottom bit is already 1, so ORing in 1 won't change anything.)
You should avoid thinking in terms of things like "hex values", because there isn't really any such thing in C#. Numeric bases are only relevant for numbers represented as strings, which typically means either literals in source code, or conversions done at runtime. For example, if your program accepts a number as a command line argument, then that will arrive as a string, so you'll need to know its base to convert it correctly to an int. But once it's an int it's just an int - there's no such thing as a hex value or a decimal value for an int.
I have an int[]:
RXBuffer[0], RXBuffer[1],..., RXBuffer[9]
where each value represents an ASCII code, so 0x31 represents 1, 0x41 represents A.
How do I convert this to a 10 character string ?
So far I've tried Data = RxBuffer.ToString();. But it shows Data equals to System.Int32[] which is not what my data is.
How can I do this?
Assuming the "int array" is values in the 0-9 range (which is the only way that makes sense to convert an "int array" length 10 to a 10-character string) - a bit of an exotic way:
string s = new string(Array.ConvertAll(RXBuffer, x => (char)('0' + x)));
But pretty efficient (the char[] is right-sized automatically, and the string conversion is done just with math, instead of ToString()).
Edit: with the revision that makes it clear that these are actually ASCII codes, it becomes simpler:
string s = new string(Array.ConvertAll(RXBuffer, x => (char)x));
Although frankly, if the values are ASCII (or even unicode) it would be better to store it as a char[]; this covers the same range, takes half the space, and is just:
string s = new string(RXBuffer);
LolCoder
All you need is :
string.Join("",RXBuffer);
============== Or =================
int[] RXBuffer = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
string result = string.Join(",",RXBuffer);
I got a boolean list with 92 booleans, I want the list to be converted to a string, I thought I ll take 8 booleans(bits) and put them in a Byte(8 bits) and then use the ASCII to convert it the byte value to a char then add the chars to a string. However after googeling for more then 2 hours, no luck atm. I tried converting the List to a Byte list but it didn t work either ^^.
String strbyte = null;
for (int x = 0; x != tmpboolist.Count; x++) //tmpboolist is the 90+- boolean list
{
//this loop checks for true then puts a 1 or a 0 in the string(strbyte)
if (tmpboolist[x])
{
strbyte = strbyte + '1';
}
else
{
strbyte = strbyte + '0';
}
}
//here I try to convert the string to a byte list but no success
//no success because the testbytearray has the SAME size as the
//tmpboolist(but it should have less since 8 booleans should be 1 Byte)
//however all the 'Bytes' are 48 & 49 (which is 1 and 0 according to
//http://www.asciitable.com/)
Byte[] testbytearray = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(strbyte);
PS If anyone has a better suggestion on how to code & decode a Boolean list to a String?
(Because I want people to share their boolean list with a string rather then a list of 90 1 and 0s.)
EDIT: got it working now! ty all for helping
string text = new string(tmpboolist.Select(x => x ? '1' : '0').ToArray());
byte[] bytes = getBitwiseByteArray(text); //http://stackoverflow.com/a/6756231/1184013
String Arraycode = Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
System.Windows.MessageBox.Show(Arraycode);
//first it makes a string out of the boolean list then it uses the converter to make it an Byte[](array), then we use the base64 encoding to make the byte[] a String.(that can be decoded later)
I ll look into the encoding32 later, ty for all the help again :)
You should store your boolean values in a BitArray.
var values = new BitArray(92);
values[0] = false;
values[1] = true;
values[2] = true;
...
Then you can convert the BitArray to a byte array
var bytes = new byte[(values.Length + 7) / 8];
values.CopyTo(bytes);
and the byte array to a Base64 string
var result = Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
Reversely, you can convert a Base64 string to a byte array
var bytes2 = Convert.FromBase64String(result);
and the byte array to a BitArray
var values2 = new BitArray(bytes2);
The Base64 string looks like this: "Liwd7bRv6TMY2cNE". This is probably a bit unhandy for sharing between people; have a look at human-oriented base-32 encoding:
Anticipated uses of these [base-32 strings] include cut-
and-paste, text editing (e.g. in HTML files), manual transcription via a
keyboard, manual transcription via pen-and-paper, vocal transcription over
phone or radio, etc.
The desiderata for such an encoding are:
minimizing transcription errors -- e.g. the well-known problem of confusing
'0' with 'O'
embedding into other structures -- e.g. search engines, structured or
marked-up text, file systems, command shells
brevity -- Shorter [strings] are better than longer ones.
ergonomics -- Human users (especially non-technical ones) should find the
[strings] as easy and pleasant as possible. The uglier the [strings] looks, the worse.
To start with, it's a bad idea to concatenate strings in a loop like that - at least use StringBuilder, or use something like this with LINQ:
string text = new string(tmpboolist.Select(x => x ? '1' : '0').ToArray());
But converting your string to a List<bool> is easy with LINQ, using the fact that string implements IEnumerable<char>:
List<bool> values = text.Select(c => c == '1').ToList();
It's not clear where the byte array comes in... but you should not try to represent arbitrary binary data in a string just using Encoding.GetString. That's not what it's for.
If you don't care what format your string uses, then using Base64 will work well - but be aware that if you're grouping your Boolean values into bytes, you'll need extra information if you need to distinguish between "7 values" and "8 values, the first of which is False" for example.
Since I am infering from your code you want a string with n digits of either 1 or 0 depending onthe internal lists bool value then how about...
public override string ToString()
{
StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder(91);
foreach(bool item in this.tempboolist)
{
output.Append(item ? "1" : "0");
}
return output.ToString();
}
Warning this was off the cuff typing, I have not validated this with a compiler yet!
This function does what you want:
public String convertBArrayToStr(bool[] input)
{
if (input == null)
return "";
int length = input.Count();
int byteArrayCount = (input.Count() - 1) / 8 + 1;
var bytes = new char[byteArrayCount];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++ )
{
var mappedIndex = (i - 1) / 8;
bytes[mappedIndex] = (char)(2 * bytes[mappedIndex] +(input[i] == true ? 1 : 0));
}
return new string(bytes);
}
I have a series of ASCII flat files coming in from a mainframe to be processed by a C# application. A new feed has been introduced with a Packed Decimal (COMP-3) field, which needs to be converted to a numerical value.
The files are being transferred via FTP, using ASCII transfer mode. I am concerned that the binary field may contain what will be interpreted as very-low ASCII codes or control characters instead of a value - Or worse, may be lost in the FTP process.
What's more, the fields are being read as strings. I may have the flexibility to work around this part (i.e. a stream of some sort), but the business will give me pushback.
The requirement read "Convert from HEX to ASCII", but clearly that didn't yield the correct values. Any help would be appreciated; it need not be language-specific as long as you can explain the logic of the conversion process.
I have been watching the posts on numerous boards concerning converting Comp-3 BCD data from "legacy" mainframe files to something useable in C#. First, I would like to say that I am less than enamoured by the responses that some of these posts have received - especially those that have said essentially "why are you bothering us with these non-C#/C++ related posts" and also "If you need an answer about some sort of COBOL convention, why don't you go visit a COBOL oriented site". This, to me, is complete BS as there is going to be a need for probably many years to come, (unfortunately), for software developers to understand how to deal with some of these legacy issues that exist in THE REAL WORLD. So, even if I get slammed on this post for the following code, I am going to share with you a REAL WORLD experience that I had to deal with regarding COMP-3/EBCDIC conversion (and yes, I am he who talks of "floppy disks, paper-tape, Disc Packs etc... - I have been a software engineer since 1979").
First - understand that any file that you read from a legacy main-frame system like IBM is going to present the data to you in EBCDIC format and in order to convert any of that data to a C#/C++ string you can deal with you are going to have to use the proper code page translation to get the data into ASCII format. A good example of how to handle this would be:
StreamReader readFile = new StreamReader(path, Encoding.GetEncoding(037); // 037 = EBCDIC to ASCII translation.
This will ensure that anything that you read from this stream will then be converted to ASCII and can be used in a string format. This includes "Zoned Decimal" (Pic 9) and "Text" (Pic X) fields as declared by COBOL. However, this does not necessarily convert COMP-3 fields to the correct "binary" equivelant when read into a char[] or byte[] array. To do this, the only way that you are ever going to get this translated properly (even using UTF-8, UTF-16, Default or whatever) code pages, you are going to want to open the file like this:
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FIleMode.Open, FIleAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
Of course, the "FileShare.Read" option is "optional".
When you have isolated the field that you want to convert to a decimal value (and then subsequently to an ASCII string if need be), you can use the following code - and this has been basically stolen from the MicroSoft "UnpackDecimal" posting that you can get at:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=0e4bba52-cc52-4d89-8590-cda297ff7fbd&displaylang=en
I have isolated (I think) what are the most important parts of this logic and consolidated it into two a method that you can do with what you want. For my purposes, I chose to leave this as returning a Decimal value which I could then do with what I wanted. Basically, the method is called "unpack" and you pass it a byte[] array (no longer than 12 bytes) and the scale as an int, which is the number of decimal places you want to have returned in the Decimal value. I hope this works for you as well as it did for me.
private Decimal Unpack(byte[] inp, int scale)
{
long lo = 0;
long mid = 0;
long hi = 0;
bool isNegative;
// this nybble stores only the sign, not a digit.
// "C" hex is positive, "D" hex is negative, and "F" hex is unsigned.
switch (nibble(inp, 0))
{
case 0x0D:
isNegative = true;
break;
case 0x0F:
case 0x0C:
isNegative = false;
break;
default:
throw new Exception("Bad sign nibble");
}
long intermediate;
long carry;
long digit;
for (int j = inp.Length * 2 - 1; j > 0; j--)
{
// multiply by 10
intermediate = lo * 10;
lo = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
intermediate = mid * 10 + carry;
mid = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
intermediate = hi * 10 + carry;
hi = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
// By limiting input length to 14, we ensure overflow will never occur
digit = nibble(inp, j);
if (digit > 9)
{
throw new Exception("Bad digit");
}
intermediate = lo + digit;
lo = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
if (carry > 0)
{
intermediate = mid + carry;
mid = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
if (carry > 0)
{
intermediate = hi + carry;
hi = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
// carry should never be non-zero. Back up with validation
}
}
}
return new Decimal((int)lo, (int)mid, (int)hi, isNegative, (byte)scale);
}
private int nibble(byte[] inp, int nibbleNo)
{
int b = inp[inp.Length - 1 - nibbleNo / 2];
return (nibbleNo % 2 == 0) ? (b & 0x0000000F) : (b >> 4);
}
If you have any questions, post them on here - because I suspect that I am going to get "flamed" like everyone else who has chosen to post questions that are pertinent to todays issues...
Thanks,
John - The Elder.
First of all you must eliminate the end of line (EOL) translation problems that will be caused by ASCII transfer mode. You are absolutely right to be concerned about data corruption when the BCD values happen to correspond to EOL characters. The worst aspect of this problem is that it will occur rarely and unexpectedly.
The best solution is to change the transfer mode to BIN. This is appropriate since the data you are transferring is binary. If it is not possible to use the correct FTP transfer mode, you can undo the ASCII mode damage in code. All you have to do is convert \r\n pairs back to \n. If I were you I would make sure this is well tested.
Once you've dealt with the EOL problem, the COMP-3 conversion is pretty straigtforward. I was able to find this article in the MS knowledgebase with sample code in BASIC. See below for a VB.NET port of this code.
Since you're dealing with COMP-3 values, the file format you're reading almost surely has fixed record sizes with fixed field lengths. If I were you, I would get my hands of a file format specification before you go any further with this. You should be using a BinaryReader to work with this data. If someone is pushing back on this point, I would walk away. Let them find someone else to indulge their folly.
Here's a VB.NET port of the BASIC sample code. I haven't tested this because I don't have access to a COMP-3 file. If this doesn't work, I would refer back to the original MS sample code for guidance, or to references in the other answers to this question.
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic
Module Module1
'Sample COMP-3 conversion code
'Adapted from http://support.microsoft.com/kb/65323
'This code has not been tested
Sub Main()
Dim Digits%(15) 'Holds the digits for each number (max = 16).
Dim Basiceqv#(1000) 'Holds the Basic equivalent of each COMP-3 number.
'Added to make code compile
Dim MyByte As Char, HighPower%, HighNibble%
Dim LowNibble%, Digit%, E%, Decimal%, FileName$
'Clear the screen, get the filename and the amount of decimal places
'desired for each number, and open the file for sequential input:
FileName$ = InputBox("Enter the COBOL data file name: ")
Decimal% = InputBox("Enter the number of decimal places desired: ")
FileOpen(1, FileName$, OpenMode.Binary)
Do Until EOF(1) 'Loop until the end of the file is reached.
Input(1, MyByte)
If MyByte = Chr(0) Then 'Check if byte is 0 (ASC won't work on 0).
Digits%(HighPower%) = 0 'Make next two digits 0. Increment
Digits%(HighPower% + 1) = 0 'the high power to reflect the
HighPower% = HighPower% + 2 'number of digits in the number
'plus 1.
Else
HighNibble% = Asc(MyByte) \ 16 'Extract the high and low
LowNibble% = Asc(MyByte) And &HF 'nibbles from the byte. The
Digits%(HighPower%) = HighNibble% 'high nibble will always be a
'digit.
If LowNibble% <= 9 Then 'If low nibble is a
'digit, assign it and
Digits%(HighPower% + 1) = LowNibble% 'increment the high
HighPower% = HighPower% + 2 'power accordingly.
Else
HighPower% = HighPower% + 1 'Low nibble was not a digit but a
Digit% = 0 '+ or - signals end of number.
'Start at the highest power of 10 for the number and multiply
'each digit by the power of 10 place it occupies.
For Power% = (HighPower% - 1) To 0 Step -1
Basiceqv#(E%) = Basiceqv#(E%) + (Digits%(Digit%) * (10 ^ Power%))
Digit% = Digit% + 1
Next
'If the sign read was negative, make the number negative.
If LowNibble% = 13 Then
Basiceqv#(E%) = Basiceqv#(E%) - (2 * Basiceqv#(E%))
End If
'Give the number the desired amount of decimal places, print
'the number, increment E% to point to the next number to be
'converted, and reinitialize the highest power.
Basiceqv#(E%) = Basiceqv#(E%) / (10 ^ Decimal%)
Print(Basiceqv#(E%))
E% = E% + 1
HighPower% = 0
End If
End If
Loop
FileClose() 'Close the COBOL data file, and end.
End Sub
End Module
If the original data was in EBCDIC your COMP-3 field has been garbled. The FTP process has done an EBCDIC to ASCII translation of the byte values in the COMP-3 field which isn't what you want. To correct this you can:
1) Use BINARY mode for the transfer so you get the raw EBCDIC data. Then you convert the COMP-3 field to a number and translate any other EBCDIC text on the record to ASCII. A packed field stores each digit in a half byte with the lower half byte as a sign (F is positive and other values, usually D or E, are negative). Storing 123.4 in a PIC 999.99 USAGE COMP-3 would be X'01234F' (three bytes) and -123 in the same field is X'01230D'.
2) Have the sender convert the field into a USAGE IS DISPLAY SIGN IS LEADING(or TRAILING) numeric field. This stores the number as a string of EBCDIC numeric digits with the sign as a separate negative(-) or blank character. All digits and the sign translate correctly to their ASCII equivalent on the FTP transfer.
I apologize if I am way off base here, but perhaps this code sample I'll paste here could help you. This came from VBRocks...
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Text.Encoding
'4/20/07 submission includes a line spacing addition when a control character is used:
' The line spacing is calculated off of the 3rd control character.
'
' Also includes the 4/18 modification of determining end of file.
'4/26/07 submission inclues an addition of 6 to the record length when the 4th control
' character is an 8. This is because these records were being truncated.
'Authored by Gary A. Lima, aka. VBRocks
''' <summary>
''' Translates an EBCDIC file to an ASCII file.
''' </summary>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Class EBCDIC_to_ASCII_Translator
#Region " Example"
Private Sub Example()
'Set your source file and destination file paths
Dim sSourcePath As String = "c:\Temp\MyEBCDICFile"
Dim sDestinationPath As String = "c:\Temp\TranslatedFile.txt"
Dim trans As New EBCDIC_to_ASCII_Translator()
'If your EBCDIC file uses Control records to determine the length of a record, then this to True
trans.UseControlRecord = True
'If the first record of your EBCDIC file is filler (junk), then set this to True
trans.IgnoreFirstRecord = True
'EBCDIC files are written in block lengths, set your block length (Example: 134, 900, Etc.)
trans.BlockLength = 900
'This method will actually translate your source file and output it to the specified destination file path
trans.TranslateFile(sSourcePath, sDestinationPath)
'Here is a alternate example:
'No Control record is used
'trans.UseControlRecord = False
'Translate the whole file, including the first record
'trans.IgnoreFirstRecord = False
'Set the block length
'trans.BlockLength = 134
'Translate...
'trans.TranslateFile(sSourcePath, sDestinationPath)
'*** Some additional methods that you can use are:
'Trim off leading characters from left side of string (position 0 to...)
'trans.LTrim = 15
'Translate 1 EBCDIC character to an ASCII character
'Dim strASCIIChar as String = trans.TranslateCharacter("S")
'Translate an EBCDIC character array to an ASCII string
'trans.TranslateCharacters(chrEBCDICArray)
'Translates an EBCDIC string to an ASCII string
'Dim strASCII As String = trans.TranslateString("EBCDIC String")
End Sub
#End Region 'Example
'Translate characters from EBCDIC to ASCII
Private ASCIIEncoding As Encoding = Encoding.ASCII
Private EBCDICEncoding As Encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(37) 'EBCDIC
'Block Length: Can be fixed (Ex: 134).
Private miBlockLength As Integer = 0
Private mbUseControlRec As Boolean = True 'If set to False, will return exact block length
Private mbIgnoreFirstRecord As Boolean = True 'Will Ignore first record if set to true (First record may be filler)
Private miLTrim As Integer = 0
''' <summary>
''' Translates SourceFile from EBCDIC to ASCII. Writes output to file path specified by DestinationFile parameter.
''' Set the BlockLength Property to designate block size to read.
''' </summary>
''' <param name="SourceFile">Enter the path of the Source File.</param>
''' <param name="DestinationFile">Enter the path of the Destination File.</param>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Sub TranslateFile(ByVal SourceFile As String, ByVal DestinationFile As String)
Dim iRecordLength As Integer 'Stores length of a record, not including the length of the Control Record (if used)
Dim sRecord As String = "" 'Stores the actual record
Dim iLineSpace As Integer = 1 'LineSpace: 1 for Single Space, 2 for Double Space, 3 for Triple Space...
Dim iControlPosSix As Byte() 'Stores the 6th character of a Control Record (used to calculate record length)
Dim iControlRec As Byte() 'Stores the EBCDIC Control Record (First 6 characters of record)
Dim bEOR As Boolean 'End of Record Flag
Dim bBOF As Boolean = True 'Beginning of file
Dim iConsumedChars As Integer = 0 'Stores the number of consumed characters in the current block
Dim bIgnoreRecord As Boolean = mbIgnoreFirstRecord 'Ignores the first record if set.
Dim ControlArray(5) As Char 'Stores Control Record (first 6 bytes)
Dim chrArray As Char() 'Stores characters just after read from file
Dim sr As New StreamReader(SourceFile, EBCDICEncoding)
Dim sw As New StreamWriter(DestinationFile)
'Set the RecordLength to the RecordLength Property (below)
iRecordLength = miBlockLength
'Loop through entire file
Do Until sr.EndOfStream = True
'If using a Control Record, then check record for valid data.
If mbUseControlRec = True Then
'Read the Control Record (first 6 characters of the record)
sr.ReadBlock(ControlArray, 0, 6)
'Update the value of consumed (read) characters
iConsumedChars += ControlArray.Length
'Get the bytes of the Control Record Array
iControlRec = EBCDICEncoding.GetBytes(ControlArray)
'Set the line spacing (position 3 divided by 64)
' (64 decimal = Single Spacing; 128 decimal = Double Spacing)
iLineSpace = iControlRec(2) / 64
'Check the Control record for End of File
'If the Control record has a 8 or 10 in position 1, and a 1 in postion 2, then it is the end of the file
If (iControlRec(0) = 8 OrElse iControlRec(0) = 10) AndAlso _
iControlRec(1) = 1 Then
If bBOF = False Then
Exit Do
Else
'The Beginning of file flag is set to true by default, so when the first
' record is encountered, it is bypassed and the bBOF flag is set to False
bBOF = False
End If 'If bBOF = Fals
End If 'If (iControlRec(0) = 8 OrElse
'Set the default value for the End of Record flag to True
' If the Control Record has all zeros, then it's True, else False
bEOR = True
'If the Control record contains all zeros, bEOR will stay True, else it will be set to False
For i As Integer = 0 To 5
If iControlRec(i) > 0 Then
bEOR = False
Exit For
End If 'If iControlRec(i) > 0
Next 'For i As Integer = 0 To 5
If bEOR = False Then
'Convert EBCDIC character to ASCII
'Multiply the 6th byte by 6 to get record length
' Why multiply by 6? Because it works.
iControlPosSix = EBCDICEncoding.GetBytes(ControlArray(5))
'If the 4th position of the control record is an 8, then add 6
' to the record length to pick up remaining characters.
If iControlRec(3) = 8 Then
iRecordLength = CInt(iControlPosSix(0)) * 6 + 6
Else
iRecordLength = CInt(iControlPosSix(0)) * 6
End If
'Add the length of the record to the Consumed Characters counter
iConsumedChars += iRecordLength
Else
'If the Control Record had all zeros in it, then it is the end of the Block.
'Consume the remainder of the block so we can continue at the beginning of the next block.
ReDim chrArray(miBlockLength - iConsumedChars - 1)
'ReDim chrArray(iRecordLength - iConsumedChars - 1)
'Consume (read) the remaining characters in the block.
' We are not doing anything with them because they are not actual records.
'sr.ReadBlock(chrArray, 0, iRecordLength - iConsumedChars)
sr.ReadBlock(chrArray, 0, miBlockLength - iConsumedChars)
'Reset the Consumed Characters counter
iConsumedChars = 0
'Set the Record Length to 0 so it will not be processed below.
iRecordLength = 0
End If ' If bEOR = False
End If 'If mbUseControlRec = True
If iRecordLength > 0 Then
'Resize our array, dumping previous data. Because Arrays are Zero (0) based, subtract 1 from the Record length.
ReDim chrArray(iRecordLength - 1)
'Read the specfied record length, without the Control Record, because we already consumed (read) it.
sr.ReadBlock(chrArray, 0, iRecordLength)
'Copy Character Array to String Array, Converting in the process, then Join the Array to a string
sRecord = Join(Array.ConvertAll(chrArray, New Converter(Of Char, String)(AddressOf ChrToStr)), "")
'If the record length was 0, then the Join method may return Nothing
If IsNothing(sRecord) = False Then
If bIgnoreRecord = True Then
'Do nothing - bypass record
'Reset flag
bIgnoreRecord = False
Else
'Write the line out, LTrimming the specified number of characters.
If sRecord.Length >= miLTrim Then
sw.WriteLine(sRecord.Remove(0, miLTrim))
Else
sw.WriteLine(sRecord.Remove(0, sRecord.Length))
End If ' If sRecord.Length >= miLTrim
'Write out the number of blank lines specified by the 3rd control character.
For i As Integer = 1 To iLineSpace - 1
sw.WriteLine("")
Next 'For i As Integer = 1 To iLineSpace
End If 'If bIgnoreRecord = True
'Obviously, if we have read more characters from the file than the designated size of the block,
' then subtract the number of characters we have read into the next block from the block size.
If iConsumedChars > miBlockLength Then
'If iConsumedChars > iRecordLength Then
iConsumedChars = iConsumedChars - miBlockLength
'iConsumedChars = iConsumedChars - iRecordLength
End If
End If 'If IsNothing(sRecord) = False
End If 'If iRecordLength > 0
'Allow computer to process (works in a class module, not in a dll)
'Application.DoEvents()
Loop
'Destroy StreamReader (sr)
sr.Close()
sr.Dispose()
'Destroy StreamWriter (sw)
sw.Close()
sw.Dispose()
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Translates 1 EBCDIC Character (Char) to an ASCII String
''' </summary>
''' <param name="chr"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Private Function ChrToStr(ByVal chr As Char) As String
Dim sReturn As String = ""
'Convert character into byte
Dim EBCDICbyte As Byte() = EBCDICEncoding.GetBytes(chr)
'Convert EBCDIC byte to ASCII byte
Dim ASCIIByte As Byte() = Encoding.Convert(EBCDICEncoding, ASCIIEncoding, EBCDICbyte)
sReturn = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(ASCIIByte)
Return sReturn
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Translates an EBCDIC String to an ASCII String
''' </summary>
''' <param name="sStringToTranslate"></param>
''' <returns>String</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Function TranslateString(ByVal sStringToTranslate As String) As String
Dim i As Integer = 0
Dim sReturn As New System.Text.StringBuilder()
'Loop through the string and translate each character
For i = 0 To sStringToTranslate.Length - 1
sReturn.Append(ChrToStr(sStringToTranslate.Substring(i, 1)))
Next
Return sReturn.ToString()
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Translates 1 EBCDIC Character (Char) to an ASCII String
''' </summary>
''' <param name="sCharacterToTranslate"></param>
''' <returns>String</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Function TranslateCharacter(ByVal sCharacterToTranslate As Char) As String
Return ChrToStr(sCharacterToTranslate)
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Translates an EBCDIC Character (Char) Array to an ASCII String
''' </summary>
''' <param name="sCharacterArrayToTranslate"></param>
''' <returns>String</returns>
''' <remarks>Remarks</remarks>
Public Function TranslateCharacters(ByVal sCharacterArrayToTranslate As Char()) As String
Dim sReturn As String = ""
'Copy Character Array to String Array, Converting in the process, then Join the Array to a string
sReturn = Join(Array.ConvertAll(sCharacterArrayToTranslate, _
New Converter(Of Char, String)(AddressOf ChrToStr)), "")
Return sReturn
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Block Length must be set. You can set the BlockLength for specific block sizes (Ex: 134).
''' Set UseControlRecord = False for files with specific block sizes (Default is True)
''' </summary>
''' <value>0</value>
''' <returns>Integer</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Property BlockLength() As Integer
Get
Return miBlockLength
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)
miBlockLength = value
End Set
End Property
''' <summary>
''' Determines whether a ControlKey is used to calculate RecordLength of valid data
''' </summary>
''' <value>Default value is True</value>
''' <returns>Boolean</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Property UseControlRecord() As Boolean
Get
Return mbUseControlRec
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Boolean)
mbUseControlRec = value
End Set
End Property
''' <summary>
''' Ignores first record if set (Default is True)
''' </summary>
''' <value>Default is True</value>
''' <returns>Boolean</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Property IgnoreFirstRecord() As Boolean
Get
Return mbIgnoreFirstRecord
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Boolean)
mbIgnoreFirstRecord = value
End Set
End Property
''' <summary>
''' Trims the left side of every string the specfied number of characters. Default is 0.
''' </summary>
''' <value>Default is 0.</value>
''' <returns>Integer</returns>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Property LTrim() As Integer
Get
Return miLTrim
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)
miLTrim = value
End Set
End Property
End Class
Some useful links for EBCDIC translation:
Translation table - useful to do check some of the values in the packed decimal fields:
http://www.simotime.com/asc2ebc1.htm
List of code pages in msdn:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317756(VS.85).aspx
And a piece of code to convert the byte array fields in C#:
// 500 is the code page for IBM EBCDIC International
System.Text.Encoding enc = new System.Text.Encoding(500);
string value = enc.GetString(byteArrayField);
The packed fields are the same in EBCDIC or ASCII. Do not run the EBCDIC to ASCII conversion on them. In .Net dump them into a byte[].
You use bitwise masks and shifts to pack/unpack.
-- But bitwise ops only apply to integer types in .Net so you need to jump through some hoops!
A good COBOL or C artist can point you in the right direction.
Find one of the old guys and pay your dues (about three beers should do it).
The “ASCII transfer type” will transfer the files as regular text files. So files becoming corrupt when we transfer packed decimal or binary data files in ASCII transfer type. The “Binary transfer type” will transfer the data in binary mode which handles the files as binary data instead of text data. So we have to use Binary transfer type here.
Reference : https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/673240/EBCDIC-to-ASCII-Converter
Once your file is ready, here is the code to convert packed decimal to human readable decimal.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp2
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var path = #"C:\FileName.BIN.dat";
var templates = new List<Template>
{
new Template{StartPos=1,CharLength=4,Type="AlphaNum"},
new Template{StartPos=5,CharLength=1,Type="AlphaNum"},
new Template{StartPos=6,CharLength=8,Type="AlphaNum"},
new Template{StartPos=14,CharLength=1,Type="AlphaNum"},
new Template{StartPos=46,CharLength=4,Type="Packed",DecimalPlace=2},
new Template{StartPos=54,CharLength=5,Type="Packed",DecimalPlace=0},
new Template{StartPos=60,CharLength=4,Type="Packed",DecimalPlace=2},
new Template{StartPos=64,CharLength=1,Type="AlphaNum"}
};
var allBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(path);
for (int i = 0; i < allBytes.Length; i += 66)
{
var IsLastline = (allBytes.Length - i) < 66;
var lineLength = IsLastline ? 64 : 66;
byte[] lineBytes = new byte[lineLength];
Array.Copy(allBytes, i, lineBytes, 0, lineLength);
var outArray = new string[templates.Count];
int index = 0;
foreach (var temp in templates)
{
byte[] amoutBytes = new byte[temp.CharLength];
Array.Copy(lineBytes, temp.StartPos - 1, amoutBytes, 0,
temp.CharLength);
var final = "";
if (temp.Type == "Packed")
{
final = Unpack(amoutBytes, temp.DecimalPlace).ToString();
}
else
{
final = ConvertEbcdicString(amoutBytes);
}
outArray[index] = final;
index++;
}
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", outArray));
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static string ConvertEbcdicString(byte[] ebcdicBytes)
{
if (ebcdicBytes.All(p => p == 0x00 || p == 0xFF))
{
//Every byte is either 0x00 or 0xFF (fillers)
return string.Empty;
}
Encoding ebcdicEnc = Encoding.GetEncoding("IBM037");
string result = ebcdicEnc.GetString(ebcdicBytes); // convert EBCDIC Bytes ->
Unicode string
return result;
}
private static Decimal Unpack(byte[] inp, int scale)
{
long lo = 0;
long mid = 0;
long hi = 0;
bool isNegative;
// this nybble stores only the sign, not a digit.
// "C" hex is positive, "D" hex is negative, AlphaNumd "F" hex is unsigned.
var ff = nibble(inp, 0);
switch (ff)
{
case 0x0D:
isNegative = true;
break;
case 0x0F:
case 0x0C:
isNegative = false;
break;
default:
throw new Exception("Bad sign nibble");
}
long intermediate;
long carry;
long digit;
for (int j = inp.Length * 2 - 1; j > 0; j--)
{
// multiply by 10
intermediate = lo * 10;
lo = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
intermediate = mid * 10 + carry;
mid = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
intermediate = hi * 10 + carry;
hi = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
// By limiting input length to 14, we ensure overflow will never occur
digit = nibble(inp, j);
if (digit > 9)
{
throw new Exception("Bad digit");
}
intermediate = lo + digit;
lo = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
if (carry > 0)
{
intermediate = mid + carry;
mid = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
if (carry > 0)
{
intermediate = hi + carry;
hi = intermediate & 0xffffffff;
carry = intermediate >> 32;
// carry should never be non-zero. Back up with validation
}
}
}
return new Decimal((int)lo, (int)mid, (int)hi, isNegative, (byte)scale);
}
private static int nibble(byte[] inp, int nibbleNo)
{
int b = inp[inp.Length - 1 - nibbleNo / 2];
return (nibbleNo % 2 == 0) ? (b & 0x0000000F) : (b >> 4);
}
class Template
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Type { get; set; }
public int StartPos { get; set; }
public int CharLength { get; set; }
public int DecimalPlace { get; set; }
}
}
}
Files must be transferred as binary. Here's a much shorter way to do it:
using System.Linq;
namespace SomeNamespace
{
public static class SomeExtensionClass
{
/// <summary>
/// computes the actual decimal value from an IBM "Packed Decimal" 9(x)v9 (COBOL) format
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">byte[]</param>
/// <param name="precision">byte; decimal places, default 2</param>
/// <returns>decimal</returns>
public static decimal FromPackedDecimal(this byte[] value, byte precision = 2)
{
if (value.Length < 1)
{
throw new System.InvalidOperationException("Cannot unpack empty bytes.");
}
double power = System.Math.Pow(10, precision);
if (power > long.MaxValue)
{
throw new System.InvalidOperationException(
$"Precision too large for valid calculation: {precision}");
}
string hex = System.BitConverter.ToString(value).Replace("-", "");
var bytes = Enumerable.Range(0, hex.Length)
.Select(x => System.Convert.ToByte($"0{hex.Substring(x, 1)}", 16))
.ToList();
long place = 1;
decimal ret = 0;
for (int i = bytes.Count - 2; i > -1; i--)
{
ret += (bytes[i] * place);
place *= 10;
}
ret /= (long)power;
return (bytes.Last() & (1 << 7)) != 0 ? ret * -1 : ret;
}
}
}