We Keep Coding

Send static method + parameter as parameter

I'd like to do something like this, but it's not possible.(Cann't convert from 'void' to 'System.Action').
class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int n = 2;
ClassB cb = new ClassB();
cb.SetMethod(ClassA.MethodA(n)); //Cann't convert 'void' to 'System.Action<int>'
}
}
public class ClassA
{
public static void MethodA(int a)
{
//code
}
}
public class ClassB
{
Delegate del;
public void SetMethod(Action<int> action)
{
del = new Delegate(action);
}
public void ButtonClick()
{
del.Invoke();
}
}
public delegate void Delegate(int n);
I can send the argument "n", as second argument in the "setMethod" method, but I would have to store a variable to after pass to "del.Invoke(PARAM)". I'd like to use "del.Invoke()".

You seem to have a misunderstanding of delegates. Delegates represent methods, not method calls. If you supply arguments to a method, it becomes a method call. So here:
cb.setMethod(ClassA.methodA(n));
ClassA.methodA(n) is a method call, and you can't assign that to a delegate.
Basically, you can't pass the parameter at this stage. You have to pass the parameter when you invoke the delegate. e.g.
del.Invoke(5);
But you said you want to always write del.Invoke(), with no arguments. Well, then you should not use an Action<int>, you should just use Action, which does not accept any parameters.
class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int n = 2;
ClassB cb = new ClassB();
cb.setMethod(() => ClassA.methodA(n));
}
}
public class ClassA
{
public static void methodA(int a)
{
//code
}
}
public class ClassB
{
Delegate del;
public void setMethod(Action action)
{
del = new Delegate(action);
}
public void ButtonClick()
{
del.Invoke();
}
}
public delegate void Delegate();

cb.setMethod(new Action(ClassA.methodA));

It isn't clear whether you want to capture the integer at the call site (e.g. as a closure), or whether you intend passing in a parameter explicitly to the delegate.
Here's the former case, where the value is captured:
public static void Main()
{
var n = 2;
var cb = new ClassB();
cb.setMethod(() => ClassA.methodA(n));
}
The delegate is thus unaware of the captured variable, and is just defined as:
public delegate void Delegate();
If however you do intend passing the int at invoke time, then the value for the int needs to be passed in the ButtonClick:
public static void Main()
{
var cb = new ClassB();
cb.setMethod(ClassA.methodA);
}
public class ClassB
{
Delegate del;
public void setMethod(Action<int> action)
{
del = new Delegate(action);
}
public void ButtonClick()
{
var n = 2;
del.Invoke(n);
}
}
public delegate void Delegate(int n);
Edit - Re Do you think there's a better way
There's no real reason to explicitly require a delegate. Action and Func (and Action<int>, depending on the above) are already delegates. As an improvement, you should check that the action is assigned before invoking it. The null conditional operator will simplify this as _action?.Invoke(). But you can go one step further, and prevent the action from ever being unassigned by requiring it in the constructor:
public class ClassB
{
// Can be readonly if it is assigned only ever once, in the ctor.
private readonly Action _action;
public ClassB(Action action)
{
Contract.Assert(action != null);
_action = action;
}
public void ButtonClick()
{
_action(); // i.e. no need for Invoke or null check.
}
}

Visual C# returning value from an event handler

I have a form that has a button to get a method executed in another class.
Code on the form:
public delegate void CustomPreviewCreate();
public static event CustomPreviewCreate CustomPreviewCreate_Do;
private void CreatePreview()
{
if (CustomPreviewCreate_Do !=null)
{
CustomPreviewCreate_Do();
}
}
This event then gets handled in another class. What I would like to achieve is that I can feed back to the form some form of return value if the method correctly executed.
What I tried so far does not get me the result.
Here is the code:
public void Initialize()
{
SubAsstViewPartControl.CustomPreviewCreate_Do += SubAsstViewPartControl_CustomPreviewCreate_Do;
// this gives me a the compiler error that the return type is wrong
}
private bool SubAsstViewPartControl_CustomPreviewCreate_Do()
{
// do stuff
return false;
}
Is there any direct way to return value from an event handler or I need to use a separate static field to store the event result in?
Update:
Per #Jon's comment, which seemed the simplest to me, I added an answer below demonstrating the simplest approach.

The common approach is to encapsulate your value in the type of EventArgs your event expects. For example, the Framework's CancelEventArgs contains a settable bool Cancel property, allowing each CancelEventHandler to assign a value. The sender can then read the property after the event has been invoked. You could also use a container-like EventArgs class if you want to collect separate values from individual event handlers. For example:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
public class SingleValueEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public int Value { get; set; }
}
public class MultiValueEventArgs : EventArgs
{
private List<int> _values = new List<int>(); // Private to prevent handlers from messing with each others' values
public IEnumerable<int> Values
{
get { return _values; }
}
public void AddValue(int value) { _values.Add(value); }
}
public class Exposer
{
public event EventHandler<SingleValueEventArgs> WantSingleValue;
public event EventHandler<MultiValueEventArgs> WantMultipleValues;
public void Run()
{
if (WantSingleValue != null)
{
var args = new SingleValueEventArgs();
WantSingleValue(this, args);
Console.WriteLine("Last handler produced " + args.Value.ToString());
}
if (WantMultipleValues != null)
{
var args = new MultiValueEventArgs();
WantMultipleValues(this, args);
foreach (var value in args.Values)
{
Console.WriteLine("A handler produced " + value.ToString());
}
}
}
}
public class Handler
{
private int _value;
public Handler(Exposer exposer, int value)
{
_value = value;
exposer.WantSingleValue += exposer_WantSingleValue;
exposer.WantMultipleValues += exposer_WantMultipleValues;
}
void exposer_WantSingleValue(object sender, SingleValueEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Handler assigning " + _value.ToString());
e.Value = _value;
}
void exposer_WantMultipleValues(object sender, MultiValueEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Handler adding " + _value.ToString());
e.AddValue(_value);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var exposer = new Exposer();
for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
new Handler(exposer, i);
}
exposer.Run();
}
}
}

Per Jon Skeet's comment, which seemed the simplest to me, the simplest approach seems to be as follows:
public delegate bool CustomPreviewCreate(); // here we declare a return type
public static event CustomPreviewCreate CustomPreviewCreate_Do;
private void CreatePreview()
{
if (CustomPreviewCreate_Do !=null)
{
bool returnval = CustomPreviewCreate_Do();
}
}
And then:
// the method is declared to return the same type
bool SubAsstViewPartControl_CustomPreviewCreate_Do()
{
// do stuff
return true; // return the value of the type declared
}

Understanding generics and Func arguments

I would not be surprised if this has been answered somewhere, the problem is I am not sure how to phrase a search to find what I need. The things I have already found have either been too simplistic to be usable or poorly explained such that I cannot translate it into my own project. I had no formal instruction with event handlers, delegates, and the like (heck, I didn't even learn about Entity-Component Systems--or other design patterns--until long after I graduated college and was already employed as a programmer, and even then it wasn't something I learned at, or for, my job).
Essentially what I want to know is, what does the definition of Array.Sort<T>(T[] array, Comparison<T> comparison) look like?
There's clearly some kind of generalization going on, as myCompareDelegate(...) takes two arguments of any type. In almost everything I've found relating to Func arguments, a Func<> parameter requires explicitly declared types, with the exception of some sample code using an operator I am unfamiliar with:
SomeUtility(arg => new MyType());
public void SomeUtility<T>(Func<object, T> converter) {
var myType = converter("foo");
}
It compiles but I have no idea what it does and as such, I do not know how to utilize it to create code that will run or do what I want to do.
My goal here is to be able to create an event system (yes, I'm aware that C# has an event system built in, but again, all the sample code I've seen is either simplified to the point of uselessness--listeners contained in the same class as the dispatcher--or complicated and unexplained). I want the following to be true:
a single function to register an event listener (for any Type of event and its subtypes)
a single function to dispatch an event (calling only the relevant listeners)
to be able to create new event types without having to modify the functions for registration and handling (no explicit types in the dispatcher beyond the base event class) provided the new event type extends the allowable event type (i.e. an Entity will only dispatch EntityEvents not WorldEvents).
I have a system that works currently, but it requires that all my handlers pass through a single "onEvent" function which takes a base event object and figures out what it's actual type is, passing that off to the true handler.
Eg:
//Entity implements IEventDispatcher
public SomeConstructor(Entity ent) {
//public delegate void EventListener(EventBase eventData); is declared
//in the IEventDispatcher interface.
ent.attachEvent(typeof(EntityEventPreRender), new EventListener(onEvent));
ent.attachEvent(typeof(EntityEventPostRender), new EventListener(onEvent));
}
//EntityEventPreRender extends EntityEventRender extends EntityEvent extends EventBase
//EntityEventPostRender extends EntityEventRender extends EntityEvent extends EventBase
public void onEvent(EventBase data) {
if(data is EntityEventPreRender)
onPre((EntityEventPreRender)data);
if(data is EntityEventPostRender)
onPost((EntityEventPostRender)data);
}
public void onPre(EntityEventPreRender evt) {}
public void onPost(EntityEventPostRender evt) {}
attachEvent() here is a function that takes a Type (used as a HashMap key) and a Delegate and stores it in a list (the HashMap value). Dispatching the event just needs to pass the EventData object, which is queried for its type (via evt.GetType()) to retrieve the list of listeners, then invoking them: listItem(evt)
But I'd rather be able to just do this:
public SomeConstructor(Entity ent) {
ent.attachEvent(onPre);
ent.attachEvent(onPost);
}
public void onPre(EntityEventPreRender evt) {}
public void onPost(EntityEventPostRender evt) {}
But I cannot, for the life of me, figure out how to do this because I do not know how to declare the attachEvent() function to take a generic function parameter the way Array.Sort<T>(T[] array, Comparison<T> comparison) does. I get the error:
"The type arguments for method doSomething<T>(SomeClass.Thing<T>)' cannot be inferred from the usage. Try specifying the type arguments explicitly."

I think you might be looking for something like the following:
public static class PubSub<TMessage>
{
private static List
<
Action
<
TMessage
>
> listeners = new List<Action<TMessage>>();
public static void Listen(Action<TMessage> listener)
{
if (listener != null) listeners.Add(listener);
}
public static void Unlisten(Action<TMessage> listener)
{
if (listeners.Contains(listener)) listeners.Remove(listener);
}
public static void Broadcast(TMessage message)
{
foreach(var listener in listeners) listener(message);
}
}
In the above code, using PubSub and specifying a type for TMessage creates a new static class in memory with its own memory space allocated for storing a separate list of listeners. The compiler will ensure that only the substituted type for TMessage and its subclasses will be allowed in that list, provided you consistently use the base type as the type argument for the TMessage type parameter.
You would then use it like so:
public class SomeMessageType
{
public int SomeId;
public string SomeDescription;
}
public class SomePublisher
{
public void DoSomethingCool(string description)
{
var randomizer = new Random();
...
PubSub<SomeMessageType>.Broadcast(new SomeMessageType(){SomeId = randomizer.Next(), SomeDescription = description});
}
}
public class SomeListener
{
static SomeListener()
{
PubSub<SomeMessageType>.Listen(SomeMessageEvent);
}
private static void SomeMessageEvent(SomeMessageType message)
{
// do something with the message
}
}
If you then create another class SomeOtherMessageType which does not inherit from SomeMessageType and make similar calls to it, it will only broadcast to listeners of that specific type.
EDITED:
Here is a full proof of concept that compiles that you can run in a console app to allay any remaining concerns you may have over efficacy of this technique.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace TestPubSub
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Program.startListeners();
Program.sendTestMessages();
Program.stopConsoleFromExitingImmediately();
}
private static void startListeners()
{
SomeListener.Listen();
SomeOtherListener1.Listen();
SomeOtherListener2.Listen();
}
private static void sendTestMessages()
{
var publisher1 = new SomePublisher();
var publisher2 = new SomeOtherPublisher();
publisher1.DoSomethingCool("Hello world");
publisher2.DoSomethingElse(DateTime.Now);
}
private static void stopConsoleFromExitingImmediately()
{
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
public static class PubSub<TMessage>
{
private static List
<
Action
<
TMessage
>
> listeners = new List<Action<TMessage>>();
public static void Listen(Action<TMessage> listener)
{
if (listener != null) listeners.Add(listener);
}
public static void Unlisten(Action<TMessage> listener)
{
if (listeners.Contains(listener)) listeners.Remove(listener);
}
public static void Broadcast(TMessage message)
{
foreach(var listener in listeners) listener(message);
}
}
public class SomeMessageType
{
public int SomeId;
public string SomeDescription;
}
public class SomeOtherMessageType
{
public DateTime SomeDate;
public Double SomeAmount;
}
public class SomePublisher
{
public void DoSomethingCool(string description)
{
var randomizer = new Random();
PubSub<SomeMessageType>.Broadcast(new SomeMessageType(){SomeId = randomizer.Next(), SomeDescription = description});
}
}
public class SomeOtherPublisher
{
public void DoSomethingElse(DateTime when)
{
var randomizer = new Random();
PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType>.Broadcast(new SomeOtherMessageType(){SomeAmount = randomizer.NextDouble(), SomeDate = when});
}
}
public class SomeListener
{
public static void Listen()
{
PubSub<SomeMessageType>.Listen(SomeMessageEvent);
}
private static void SomeMessageEvent(SomeMessageType message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Attention! SomeMessageType receieved by SomeListener with\r\nid: {0}\r\ndescription: {1}\r\n", message.SomeId, message.SomeDescription);
}
}
public class SomeOtherListener1
{
public static void Listen()
{
PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType>.Listen(SomeMessageEvent);
}
private static void SomeMessageEvent(SomeOtherMessageType message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Heads up! SomeOtherMessageType receieved by SomeOtherListener1 with\r\namount: {0}\r\ndate: {1}\r\n", message.SomeAmount, message.SomeDate);
}
}
public class SomeOtherListener2
{
public static void Listen()
{
PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType>.Listen(SomeMessageEvent);
}
private static void SomeMessageEvent(SomeOtherMessageType message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Yo! SomeOtherMessageType receieved by SomeOtherListener2 withr\namount: {0}\r\ndate: {1}\r\n", message.SomeAmount, message.SomeDate);
}
}
}
EDITED AGAIN (Alternate proof of concept using an instance based pubs):
Here is a proof of concept using an instance based PubSub.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace TestPubSub
{
public class Program
{
private static PubSub<SomeMessageType> pubSub1 = new PubSub<SomeMessageType>();
private static PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType> pubSub2 = new PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType>();
private static SomeListener listener1 = new SomeListener();
private static SomeOtherListener1 listener2 = new SomeOtherListener1();
private static SomeOtherListener2 listener3 = new SomeOtherListener2();
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Program.startListeners();
Program.sendTestMessages();
Program.stopConsoleFromExitingImmediately();
}
private static void startListeners()
{
Program.listener1.Listen(Program.pubSub1);
Program.listener2.Listen(Program.pubSub2);
Program.listener3.Listen(Program.pubSub2);
}
private static void sendTestMessages()
{
var publisher1 = new SomePublisher(Program.pubSub1);
var publisher2 = new SomeOtherPublisher(Program.pubSub2);
publisher1.DoSomethingCool("Hello world");
publisher2.DoSomethingElse(DateTime.Now);
}
private static void stopConsoleFromExitingImmediately()
{
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
public class PubSub<TMessage>
{
private List
<
Action
<
TMessage
>
> listeners = new List<Action<TMessage>>();
public void Listen(Action<TMessage> listener)
{
if (listener != null) this.listeners.Add(listener);
}
public void Unlisten(Action<TMessage> listener)
{
if (listeners.Contains(listener)) this.listeners.Remove(listener);
}
public void Broadcast(TMessage message)
{
foreach(var listener in this.listeners) listener(message);
}
}
public class SomeMessageType
{
public int SomeId;
public string SomeDescription;
}
public class SomeOtherMessageType
{
public DateTime SomeDate;
public Double SomeAmount;
}
public class SomePublisher
{
private PubSub<SomeMessageType> pubSub;
public SomePublisher(PubSub<SomeMessageType> pubSub) { this.pubSub = pubSub; }
public void DoSomethingCool(string description)
{
var randomizer = new Random();
this.pubSub.Broadcast(new SomeMessageType(){SomeId = randomizer.Next(), SomeDescription = description});
}
}
public class SomeOtherPublisher
{
private PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType> pubSub;
public SomeOtherPublisher(PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType> pubSub) { this.pubSub = pubSub; }
public void DoSomethingElse(DateTime when)
{
var randomizer = new Random();
this.pubSub.Broadcast(new SomeOtherMessageType(){SomeAmount = randomizer.NextDouble(), SomeDate = when});
}
}
public class SomeListener
{
public void Listen(PubSub<SomeMessageType> pubSub)
{
pubSub.Listen(this.SomeMessageEvent);
}
private void SomeMessageEvent(SomeMessageType message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Attention! SomeMessageType receieved by SomeListener with\r\nid: {0}\r\ndescription: {1}\r\n", message.SomeId, message.SomeDescription);
}
}
public class SomeOtherListener1
{
public void Listen(PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType> pubSub)
{
pubSub.Listen(this.SomeMessageEvent);
}
private void SomeMessageEvent(SomeOtherMessageType message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Heads up! SomeOtherMessageType receieved by SomeOtherListener1 with\r\namount: {0}\r\ndate: {1}\r\n", message.SomeAmount, message.SomeDate);
}
}
public class SomeOtherListener2
{
public void Listen(PubSub<SomeOtherMessageType> pubSub)
{
pubSub.Listen(this.SomeMessageEvent);
}
private void SomeMessageEvent(SomeOtherMessageType message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Yo! SomeOtherMessageType receieved by SomeOtherListener2 withr\namount: {0}\r\ndate: {1}\r\n", message.SomeAmount, message.SomeDate);
}
}
}

Parametrize generic event system

I'm not sure if this has been asked before, but I really didn't know how to look for it, as I am not exactly sure what this thing / what I'm trying to do is exactly called...
I have an delegate-based messaging generic system that I use in Unity3D - taken from here.
[UA Crosslink]
It is used like this:
// Writing an event listener
void OnSpeedChanged(float speed)
{
this.speed = speed;
}
// Registering an event listener
void OnEnable()
{
Messenger<float>.AddListener("speed changed", OnSpeedChanged);
}
// Unregistering an event listener
void OnDisable()
{
Messenger<float>.RemoveListener("speed changed", OnSpeedChanged);
}
The problem I'm having, is that the code is currently very un-DRY (there's a lot of copy paste), and I want to DRY it, by hopefully parametrizing it, making it more generic.
I will post the relevant code - Please note that you don't really have to understand the code in detail and what's its doing, in order to answer.
Here's a class that does stuff behind the scene:
static internal class MessengerInternal
{
static public Dictionary<string, Delegate> eventTable = new Dictionary<string, Delegate>();
static public readonly MessengerMode DEFAULT_MODE = MessengerMode.REQUIRE_LISTENER;
static public void OnListenerAdding(string eventType, Delegate listenerBeingAdded)
{
if (!eventTable.ContainsKey(eventType)) {
eventTable.Add(eventType, null);
}
Delegate d = eventTable[eventType];
if (d != null && d.GetType() != listenerBeingAdded.GetType()) {
throw new ListenerException(string.Format("Attempting to add listener with inconsistent signature for event type {0}. Current listeners have type {1} and listener being added has type {2}", eventType, d.GetType().Name, listenerBeingAdded.GetType().Name));
}
}
static public void OnListenerRemoving(string eventType, Delegate listenerBeingRemoved)
{
if (eventTable.ContainsKey(eventType)) {
Delegate d = eventTable[eventType];
if (d == null) {
throw new ListenerException(string.Format("Attempting to remove listener with for event type {0} but current listener is null.", eventType));
}
else if (d.GetType() != listenerBeingRemoved.GetType()) {
throw new ListenerException(string.Format("Attempting to remove listener with inconsistent signature for event type {0}. Current listeners have type {1} and listener being removed has type {2}", eventType, d.GetType().Name, listenerBeingRemoved.GetType().Name));
}
}
else {
throw new ListenerException(string.Format("Attempting to remove listener for type {0} but Messenger doesn't know about this event type.", eventType));
}
}
static public void OnListenerRemoved(string eventType)
{
if (eventTable[eventType] == null) {
eventTable.Remove(eventType);
}
}
static public void OnBroadcasting(string eventType, MessengerMode mode)
{
if (mode == MessengerMode.REQUIRE_LISTENER && !eventTable.ContainsKey(eventType)) {
throw new BroadcastException(string.Format("Broadcasting message {0} but no listener found.", eventType));
}
}
}
Now, I have generic messenger classes, that have either one, two, three or even no arguments - So the user could choose a suitable event handler to subscribe to an event.
Here's the version, that takes no generic arguments:
// No parameters
static public class Messenger {
private static Dictionary<string, Delegate> eventTable = MessengerInternal.eventTable;
static public void AddListener(string eventType, Callback handler) {
MessengerInternal.OnListenerAdding(eventType, handler);
eventTable[eventType] = (Callback)eventTable[eventType] + handler;
}
static public void RemoveListener(string eventType, Callback handler) {
MessengerInternal.OnListenerRemoving(eventType, handler);
eventTable[eventType] = (Callback)eventTable[eventType] - handler;
MessengerInternal.OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
}
static public void Broadcast(string eventType) {
Broadcast(eventType, MessengerInternal.DEFAULT_MODE);
}
static public void Broadcast(string eventType, MessengerMode mode) {
MessengerInternal.OnBroadcasting(eventType, mode);
Delegate d;
if (eventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d)) {
Callback callback = d as Callback;
if (callback != null) {
callback();
} else {
throw MessengerInternal.CreateBroadcastSignatureException(eventType);
}
}
}
}
Here's the version that takes one arg, (I just copy paste and add a T):
// One parameter
static public class Messenger<T> {
private static Dictionary<string, Delegate> eventTable = MessengerInternal.eventTable;
static public void AddListener(string eventType, Callback<T> handler) {
MessengerInternal.OnListenerAdding(eventType, handler);
eventTable[eventType] = (Callback<T>)eventTable[eventType] + handler;
}
static public void RemoveListener(string eventType, Callback<T> handler) {
MessengerInternal.OnListenerRemoving(eventType, handler);
eventTable[eventType] = (Callback<T>)eventTable[eventType] - handler;
MessengerInternal.OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
}
static public void Broadcast(string eventType, T arg1) {
Broadcast(eventType, arg1, MessengerInternal.DEFAULT_MODE);
}
static public void Broadcast(string eventType, T arg1, MessengerMode mode) {
MessengerInternal.OnBroadcasting(eventType, mode);
Delegate d;
if (eventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d)) {
Callback<T> callback = d as Callback<T>;
if (callback != null) {
callback(arg1);
} else {
throw MessengerInternal.CreateBroadcastSignatureException(eventType);
}
}
}
}
As you might have already guessed, the one that takes two args, I just copy paste again, and add another generic type, like <T, U> etc.
This is the part that I'm trying to eliminate - But yet I have no idea how.
More accurately, what I'm looking for is: Only one Messenger class, but yet I am able to do:
Messenger<float>.Subscribe("player dead", OnDead);
Messenger<int, bool>.Subscribe("on something", OnSomething);
Messenger<bool, float, MyType>.Subscribe( stuff );
Or, (doesn't really matter which)
Messenger.Subscribe<float> ("player dead", OnDead);
You got the idea...
How can I do that, how can I write a generic messenger, that when I want to add yet another generic arg, I don't have to copy-paste and write a whole other version, just cause I needed an extra arg?
Thanks a lot!

You have a messenger but you don't seem to be sending any messages! You are trying to send the contents without a proper envelope. Wrap the values you want to send out in a class that represents your actual message and you can then subscribe to the type of the message which will contain all the values you were trying to send.
public class PlayerSpeedChangedMessage {
public Guid PlayerId { get; set; }
public int OldSpeed { get; set; }
public int NewSpeed { get; set; }
}
public class MyMessageHandler {
public MyMessageHandler() {
Messenger<PlayerSpeedChangedMessage>.Subscribe(OnDead);
}
HandleSpeedChange(PlayerSpeedChangedMessage message) {
// Do stuff with the message
}
}

I think for C# developers that Message class on the wiki is a little out-moded. C# and even Unity itself has a fairly nice messaging system already in place (As long as your needs aren't too complex). Check out SendMessage and BroadcastMessage.

How to use delegate to perform callback between caller and web service helper class?

I have 2 classes A and B, where they belongs to the same namespace but resides in seperate files namely a.cs and b.cs, where class B essentially is a helper wrapping a web service call as follow:
public class A
{
public A() // constructor
{
protected static B b = new B();
}
private void processResult1(string result)
{
// come here when result is successful
}
private void processResult2(string result)
{
// come here when result is failed
}
static void main()
{
b.DoJobHelper(...);
}
}
public class B
{
private com.nowhere.somewebservice ws;
public B()
{
this.ws = new com.nowhere.somewebservice();
ws.JobCompleted += new JobCompletedEventHandler(OnCompleted);
}
void OnCompleted(object sender, JobCompletedEventArgs e)
{
string s = e.Result;
Guid taskID = (Guid)e.UserState;
switch (s)
{
case "Success":
// Call processResult1();
break;
case "Failed":
// Call processResult2();
break;
default: break;
}
}
public void DoJobHelper()
{
Object userState = Guid.NewGuid();
ws.DoJob(..., userState);
}
}
(1) I have seen texts on the net on using delegates for callbacks but failed to apply that to my case. All I want to do is to call the appropriate processResult() method upon OnCompleted() event, but dunno how to and where to declare the delegate:
public delegate void CallBack(string s);
(2) There is a sender object passed in to OnCompleted() but never used, did I miss anything there? Or how can I make good use of sender?
Any helps appreciated.

1)
public class A
{
public A() // constructor
{
protected static B b = new B(processResult1, processResult2);
}
private void processResult1(string result)
{
// come here when result is successful
}
private void processResult2(string result)
{
// come here when result is failed
}
static void main()
{
b.DoJobHelper(...);
}
}
public class B
{
private com.nowhere.somewebservice ws;
private Action<string> success;
private Action<string> failure;
public B(Action<string> success, Action<string> failure)
{
this.success = success;
this.failure = failure;
this.ws = new com.nowhere.somewebservice();
ws.JobCompleted += new JobCompletedEventHandler(OnCompleted);
}
void OnCompleted(object sender, JobCompletedEventArgs e)
{
string s;
Guid taskID = (Guid)e.UserState;
//this switch will never do anything because s is null right now.
//you'll need to check some actual state, or translate some other
//state into the "Success" and "Failure" words for the s variable
//before you call this switch statement.
switch (s)
{
case "Success":
{
success(s);
break;
}
case "Failed":
{
failure(s);
break;
}
default: break;
}
}
public void DoJobHelper()
{
Object userState = Guid.NewGuid();
ws.DoJob(..., userState);
}
}
2) don't bother using sender. it's only important if you have more than one object's events being handled by the same event handler method.