We Keep Coding

How can I convert the content of a WPF-window into an image? [duplicate]

I am making a screen capturing application and everything is going fine. All I need to do is capture the active window and take a screenshot of this active window. Does anyone know how I can do this?

Rectangle bounds = Screen.GetBounds(Point.Empty);
using(Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height))
{
using(Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(Point.Empty, Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
bitmap.Save("test.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}
for capturing current window use
Rectangle bounds = this.Bounds;
using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height))
{
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left,bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
bitmap.Save("C://test.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}

ScreenCapture sc = new ScreenCapture();
// capture entire screen, and save it to a file
Image img = sc.CaptureScreen();
// display image in a Picture control named imageDisplay
this.imageDisplay.Image = img;
// capture this window, and save it
sc.CaptureWindowToFile(this.Handle,"C:\\temp2.gif",ImageFormat.Gif);
http://www.developerfusion.com/code/4630/capture-a-screen-shot/

I suggest next solution for capturing any current active window (not only our C# application) or entire screen with cursor position determination relative to left-top corner of window or screen respectively:
public enum enmScreenCaptureMode
{
Screen,
Window
}
class ScreenCapturer
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
public Bitmap Capture(enmScreenCaptureMode screenCaptureMode = enmScreenCaptureMode.Window)
{
Rectangle bounds;
if (screenCaptureMode == enmScreenCaptureMode.Screen)
{
bounds = Screen.GetBounds(Point.Empty);
CursorPosition = Cursor.Position;
}
else
{
var foregroundWindowsHandle = GetForegroundWindow();
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(foregroundWindowsHandle, ref rect);
bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, rect.Right - rect.Left, rect.Bottom - rect.Top);
CursorPosition = new Point(Cursor.Position.X - rect.Left, Cursor.Position.Y - rect.Top);
}
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var g = Graphics.FromImage(result))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
return result;
}
public Point CursorPosition
{
get;
protected set;
}
}

Here is a snippet to capture either the desktop or the active window.
It has no reference to Windows Forms.
public class ScreenCapture
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetDesktopWindow();
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
public static Image CaptureDesktop()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetDesktopWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureActiveWindow()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetForegroundWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureWindow(IntPtr handle)
{
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(handle, ref rect);
var bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, rect.Right - rect.Left, rect.Bottom - rect.Top);
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(result))
{
graphics.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
return result;
}
}
How to capture the whole screen:
var image = ScreenCapture.CaptureDesktop();
image.Save(#"C:\temp\snippetsource.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
How to capture the active window:
var image = ScreenCapture.CaptureActiveWindow();
image.Save(#"C:\temp\snippetsource.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
Originally found here: http://www.snippetsource.net/Snippet/158/capture-screenshot-in-c

KvanTTT's code worked great. I extended it a bit to allow a little more flexibility on save format, as well as the ability to save by hWnd, .NET Control/Form. You can get a bitmap or save to file, with a few options.
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace MosaiqPerformanceMonitor {
public enum CaptureMode {
Screen, Window
}
public static class ScreenCapturer {
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect {
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetDesktopWindow();
/// <summary> Capture Active Window, Desktop, Window or Control by hWnd or .NET Contro/Form and save it to a specified file. </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="mode">Optional. The default value is CaptureMode.Window.</param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
public static void CaptureAndSave(string filename, CaptureMode mode = CaptureMode.Window, ImageFormat format = null) {
ImageSave(filename, format, Capture(mode));
}
/// <summary> Capture a specific window (or control) and save it to a specified file. </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="handle">hWnd (handle) of the window to capture</param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
public static void CaptureAndSave(string filename, IntPtr handle, ImageFormat format = null) {
ImageSave(filename, format, Capture(handle));
}
/// <summary> Capture a specific window (or control) and save it to a specified file. </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="c">Object to capture</param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
public static void CaptureAndSave(string filename, Control c, ImageFormat format = null) {
ImageSave(filename, format, Capture(c));
}
/// <summary> Capture the active window (default) or the desktop and return it as a bitmap </summary>
/// <param name="mode">Optional. The default value is CaptureMode.Window.</param>
public static Bitmap Capture(CaptureMode mode = CaptureMode.Window) {
return Capture(mode == CaptureMode.Screen ? GetDesktopWindow() : GetForegroundWindow());
}
/// <summary> Capture a .NET Control, Form, UserControl, etc. </summary>
/// <param name="c">Object to capture</param>
/// <returns> Bitmap of control's area </returns>
public static Bitmap Capture(Control c) {
return Capture(c.Handle);
}
/// <summary> Capture a specific window and return it as a bitmap </summary>
/// <param name="handle">hWnd (handle) of the window to capture</param>
public static Bitmap Capture(IntPtr handle) {
Rectangle bounds;
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(handle, ref rect);
bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, rect.Right - rect.Left, rect.Bottom - rect.Top);
CursorPosition = new Point(Cursor.Position.X - rect.Left, Cursor.Position.Y - rect.Top);
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var g = Graphics.FromImage(result))
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
return result;
}
/// <summary> Position of the cursor relative to the start of the capture </summary>
public static Point CursorPosition;
/// <summary> Save an image to a specific file </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
/// <param name="image">Image to save. Usually a BitMap, but can be any
/// Image.</param>
static void ImageSave(string filename, ImageFormat format, Image image) {
format = format ?? ImageFormat.Png;
if (!filename.Contains("."))
filename = filename.Trim() + "." + format.ToString().ToLower();
if (!filename.Contains(#"\"))
filename = Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("TEMP") ?? #"C:\Temp", filename);
filename = filename.Replace("%NOW%", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd#hh.mm.ss"));
image.Save(filename, format);
}
}
}

I assume you use Graphics.CopyFromScreen to get the screenshot.
You can use P/Invoke to GetForegroundWindow (and then get its position and size) to determine which region you need to copy from.

You can use the code from this question: How can I save a screenshot directly to a file in Windows?
Just change WIN32_API.GetDesktopWindow() to the Handle property of the window you want to capture.

If you want to use managed code: This will capture any window via the ProcessId.
I used the following to make the window active.
Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.AppActivate(ProcessId);
Threading.Thread.Sleep(20);
I used the print screen to capture a window.
SendKeys.SendWait("%{PRTSC}");
Threading.Thread.Sleep(40);
IDataObject objData = Clipboard.GetDataObject();

Use the following code :
// Shot size = screen size
Size shotSize = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Size;
// the upper left point in the screen to start shot
// 0,0 to get the shot from upper left point
Point upperScreenPoint = new Point(0, 0);
// the upper left point in the image to put the shot
Point upperDestinationPoint = new Point(0, 0);
// create image to get the shot in it
Bitmap shot = new Bitmap(shotSize.Width, shotSize.Height);
// new Graphics instance
Graphics graphics = Graphics.FromImage(shot);
// get the shot by Graphics class
graphics.CopyFromScreen(upperScreenPoint, upperDestinationPoint, shotSize);
// return the image
pictureBox1.Image = shot;

Works if the Desktop scaling is set.
public class ScreenCapture
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetDesktopWindow();
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
public static Image CaptureDesktop()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetDesktopWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureActiveWindow()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetForegroundWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureWindow(IntPtr handle)
{
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(handle, ref rect);
GetScale getScale = new GetScale();
var bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, (int)((rect.Right - rect.Left)* getScale.getScalingFactor()), (int)((rect.Bottom - rect.Top )* getScale.getScalingFactor()));
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(result))
{
graphics.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
return result;
}
}

A little tweak to method static void ImageSave() will grant you the option where to save it. Credit goes to Microsoft (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/sfezx97z.aspx)
static void ImageSave(string filename, ImageFormat format, Image image, SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog1)
{
saveFileDialog1.Filter = "JPeg Image|*.jpg|Bitmap Image|*.bmp|Gif Image|*.gif";
saveFileDialog1.Title = "Enregistrer un image";
saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
// If the file name is not an empty string open it for saving.
if (saveFileDialog1.FileName != "")
{
// Saves the Image via a FileStream created by the OpenFile method.
System.IO.FileStream fs =
(System.IO.FileStream)saveFileDialog1.OpenFile();
// Saves the Image in the appropriate ImageFormat based upon the
// File type selected in the dialog box.
// NOTE that the FilterIndex property is one-based.
switch (saveFileDialog1.FilterIndex)
{
case 1:
image.Save(fs,
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
break;
case 2:
image.Save(fs,
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp);
break;
case 3:
image.Save(fs,
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif);
break;
}
fs.Close();
}
}
Your button_click event should be coded something like this...
private void btnScreenShot_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog1 = new SaveFileDialog();
ScreenCapturer.CaptureAndSave(filename, mode, format, saveFileDialog1);
}//

Based on ArsenMkrt's reply, but this one allows you to capture a control in your form (I'm writing a tool for example that has a WebBrowser control in it and want to capture just its display). Note the use of PointToScreen method:
//Project: WebCapture
//Filename: ScreenshotUtils.cs
//Author: George Birbilis (http://zoomicon.com)
//Version: 20130820
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WebCapture
{
public static class ScreenshotUtils
{
public static Rectangle Offseted(this Rectangle r, Point p)
{
r.Offset(p);
return r;
}
public static Bitmap GetScreenshot(this Control c)
{
return GetScreenshot(new Rectangle(c.PointToScreen(Point.Empty), c.Size));
}
public static Bitmap GetScreenshot(Rectangle bounds)
{
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
return bitmap;
}
public const string DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_TITLE = "Save image";
public const string DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_FILTER = "PNG Image (*.png)|*.png|JPEG Image (*.jpg)|*.jpg|Bitmap Image (*.bmp)|*.bmp|GIF Image (*.gif)|*.gif";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_COMPUTER = "0AC0837C-BBF8-452A-850D-79D08E667CA7";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_DESKTOP = "B4BFCC3A-DB2C-424C-B029-7FE99A87C641";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_DOCUMENTS = "FDD39AD0-238F-46AF-ADB4-6C85480369C7";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_PICTURES = "33E28130-4E1E-4676-835A-98395C3BC3BB";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_PUBLICPICTURES = "B6EBFB86-6907-413C-9AF7-4FC2ABF07CC5";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_RECENT = "AE50C081-EBD2-438A-8655-8A092E34987A";
public static SaveFileDialog GetImageSaveFileDialog(
string title = DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_TITLE,
string filter = DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_FILTER)
{
SaveFileDialog dialog = new SaveFileDialog();
dialog.Title = title;
dialog.Filter = filter;
/* //this seems to throw error on Windows Server 2008 R2, must be for Windows Vista only
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_COMPUTER);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_DESKTOP);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_DOCUMENTS);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_PICTURES);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_PUBLICPICTURES);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_RECENT);
*/
return dialog;
}
public static void ShowSaveFileDialog(this Image image, IWin32Window owner = null)
{
using (SaveFileDialog dlg = GetImageSaveFileDialog())
if (dlg.ShowDialog(owner) == DialogResult.OK)
image.Save(dlg.FileName);
}
}
}
Having the Bitmap object you can just call Save on it
private void btnCapture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
webBrowser.GetScreenshot().Save("C://test.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}
The above assumes the GC will grab the bitmap, but maybe it's better to assign the result of someControl.getScreenshot() to a Bitmap variable, then dispose that variable manually when finished with each image, especially if you're doing this grabbing often (say you have a list of webpages you want to load and save screenshots of them):
private void btnCapture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Bitmap bitmap = webBrowser.GetScreenshot();
bitmap.ShowSaveFileDialog();
bitmap.Dispose(); //release bitmap resources
}
Even better, could employ a using clause, which has the added benefit of releasing the bitmap resources even in case of an exception occuring inside the using (child) block:
private void btnCapture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
using(Bitmap bitmap = webBrowser.GetScreenshot())
bitmap.ShowSaveFileDialog();
//exit from using block will release bitmap resources even if exception occured
}
Update:
Now WebCapture tool is ClickOnce-deployed (http://gallery.clipflair.net/WebCapture) from the web (also has nice autoupdate support thanks to ClickOnce) and you can find its source code at https://github.com/Zoomicon/ClipFlair/tree/master/Server/Tools/WebCapture

public static void ScreenCapFull_Clip(string strDestinationFolder, string strDestinationFile, bool bWriteToFile, bool bWriteToClipboard, out string strError)
{
strError = String.Empty;
if (strDestinationFile.Trim() == String.Empty) // Sort of hokey
bWriteToFile = false; // strDestinationFile = "c:\\temp\\clip.jpg";
int screenLeft = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Left;
int screenTop = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Top;
int screenWidth = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Width;
int screenHeight = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Height;
// Create a bitmap of the appropriate size to receive the full-screen screenshot.
using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(screenWidth, screenHeight))
{
// Draw the screenshot into our bitmap.
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(screenLeft, screenTop, 0, 0, bitmap.Size);
}
//Save the screenshot as a Jpg image
var uniqueFileName = strDestinationFile; // "C:\\temp\\a.Jpg";
try
{
if(bWriteToFile == true)
bitmap.Save(uniqueFileName, ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
strError = "Error: Could not write to file: " + uniqueFileName + "-" + ex.Message + "...";
}
if (bWriteToClipboard == false)
return;
try
{
System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
PictureBox pb = new PictureBox();
pb.Image = bitmap; //???
//Put the image in a memorystream. VpaResult.VpaImage is a picturebox.
//VpaResult.VpaImage.Image.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
pb.Image.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
DataObject m_data = new DataObject();
m_data.SetData("PNG", true, ms);
Clipboard.SetDataObject(m_data, true);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
strError += "Error: Could not write to Clipboard: " + ex.Message + "...";
strError = ex.Message;
}
}
} // End public static void ScreenCapFull_Clip

How do i dispose the bitmap in form1 and what interval speed should the timer1 set to?

In a new class I have this method:
public Bitmap CaptureWindowToMemory(IntPtr handle)
{
Image img = CaptureWindow(handle);
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(img);
bmp.Save("foo.png", System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
return bmp;
}
If I will not dispose the bmp after some minutes I will get out of memory exception on the bmp instance line.
In form1
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
IntPtr windowHandle;
ScreenCapture sc;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName("GameCapture");
foreach (Process p in processes)
{
windowHandle = p.MainWindowHandle;
}
this.pictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.Zoom;
sc = new ScreenCapture();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
timer1.Enabled = true;
}
int countimages = 0;
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.pictureBox1.Image = sc.CaptureWindowToMemory(windowHandle);
countimages += 1;
}
}
}
And this is the CaptureWindow method from the new class:
public Image CaptureWindow(IntPtr handle)
{
// get te hDC of the target window
IntPtr hdcSrc = User32.GetWindowDC(handle);
// get the size
User32.RECT windowRect = new User32.RECT();
User32.GetWindowRect(handle, ref windowRect);
int width = windowRect.right - windowRect.left;
int height = windowRect.bottom - windowRect.top;
// create a device context we can copy to
IntPtr hdcDest = GDI32.CreateCompatibleDC(hdcSrc);
// create a bitmap we can copy it to,
// using GetDeviceCaps to get the width/height
IntPtr hBitmap = GDI32.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcSrc, width, height);
// select the bitmap object
IntPtr hOld = GDI32.SelectObject(hdcDest, hBitmap);
// bitblt over
GDI32.BitBlt(hdcDest, 0, 0, width, height, hdcSrc, 0, 0, GDI32.SRCCOPY);
// restore selection
GDI32.SelectObject(hdcDest, hOld);
// clean up
GDI32.DeleteDC(hdcDest);
User32.ReleaseDC(handle, hdcSrc);
// get a .NET image object for it
Image img = Image.FromHbitmap(hBitmap);
// free up the Bitmap object
GDI32.DeleteObject(hBitmap);
return img;
}
If I will dispose the bitmap in the class then I will get exception invalid parameter on the line
this.pictureBox1.Image = sc.CaptureWindowToMemory(windowHandle);
So how should I handle it ?
Second problem is that the timer interval in the designer is set to 1ms.
And still when running the program I see the images in the pictureBox1 like a movie but it's still not smooth enough I think. In a real move the frame rate is 25 images(frames) per second ? How should I do it in my program with the timer ?

Easiest way to change your code to correctly disposed used bitmaps is to change your timer1_Tick method as follows:
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
sc.CaptureWindowToMemory(windowHandle, (bitmap) =>
{
pictureBox1.Image = bitmap;
countimages += 1;
});
}
And ScreenCapture class this way:
private Bitmap currentBitmap;
public void CaptureWindowToMemory(IntPtr handle, Action<Bitmap> action)
{
using (var img = CaptureWindow(handle))
{
var newBitmap = new Bitmap(img);
newBitmap.Save("foo.png", System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
action(newBitmap);
if (currentBitmap != null)
currentBitmap.Dispose();
currentBitmap = newBitmap;
}
}
Or you can try to serve your picture through a intermediate place (don't know if disk is the best option). Such approach takes around two or three times memory compared to first one with saving to HDD.
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var path = sc.CaptureWindowToMemory(windowHandle);
pictureBox1.ImageLocation = path;
countimages += 1;
}
public string CaptureWindowToMemory(IntPtr handle)
{
var name = "foo.png";
using (var img = CaptureWindow(handle))
using (var currentBitmap = new Bitmap(img))
currentBitmap.Save(name, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
return name;
}
Update: Code snippets are updated thanks to this comment.

If I will not dispose the bmp after some minutes I will get out of
memory exception on the bmp instance line.
I tried to recreate your situation but I can't repeat it.
You didn't give CaptureWindow(handle), so I use this function in your project.
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
public static Bitmap CaptureWindow(IntPtr handle)
{
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(handle, ref rect);
var bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, rect.Right - rect.Left, rect.Bottom - rect.Top);
if (bounds.Width == 0 && bounds.Height == 0)
{
bounds.Width = 1;
bounds.Height = 1;
}
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
if(bounds.Width != 1 )
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(result))
{
graphics.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
return result;
}
Way to dispose Bitmap before update PictureBox, you can use this in your timer
var bmp = sc.CaptureWindowToMemory(windowHandle);
//Backup old image in pictureBox
var oldImage = pictureBox1.Image;
pictureBox1.Image = bmp;
//Release resources from old image
if (oldImage != null)
((IDisposable)oldImage).Dispose();
what interval speed should the timer1 set to?
I think you don't need to use timer for update paint. More optimal will use the main loop in a separate thread. For example
int countimages = 0;
Task tasks;
bool StartUpdateTask = false;
private void UpdateTask()
{
if (StartUpdateTask)
{
tasks = Task.Run(() =>
{
// Action to update paint.
...
if(countimages%10 == 0){
// Action to save paint
...
}
System.Threading.Interlocked.Increment(ref countimages);
UpdateTask();
});
}
}
private void button_RunTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!StartUpdateTask &&( tasks == null || tasks.IsCompleted)) {
StartUpdateTask = true;
UpdateTask();
}else
StartUpdateTask = false;
button_RunTest.BackColor = (StartUpdateTask) ? Color.Green : this.BackColor;
}

Out of memory exception when saving screenshot images, even when Disposing each time

I have this class that save images screenshots of the desktop.
#region Class Imports
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ComponentModel;
#endregion
namespace Manager
{
public class ScreenShot
{
#region Global Variables
private Bitmap _screenShot;
protected static IntPtr newBMP;
#endregion
#region Constants
public const int SRCCOPY = 13369376;
public const int SCREEN_X = 0;
public const int SCREEN_Y = 1;
#endregion
#region Class Properties
[Description("Gets the screenshot image")]
public Bitmap ScreenImage
{
get { return _screenShot; }
}
#endregion
#region Constructor
[Description("Empty constructor, instantiating _screenShot to nothing")]
public ScreenShot()
{
_screenShot = null;
}
#endregion
#region Methods
[Description("Creates an image of the current desktop")]
public Bitmap GetScreen()
{
int xLoc;
int yLoc;
IntPtr dsk;
IntPtr mem;
Bitmap currentView;
//get the handle of the desktop DC
dsk = Win32API.GetDC(Win32API.GetDesktopWindow());
//create memory DC
mem = Win32API.CreateCompatibleDC(dsk);
//get the X coordinates of the screen
xLoc = Win32API.GetSystemMetrics(SCREEN_X);
//get the Y coordinates of screen.
yLoc = Win32API.GetSystemMetrics(SCREEN_Y);
//create a compatible image the size of the desktop
newBMP = Win32API.CreateCompatibleBitmap(dsk, xLoc, yLoc);
//check against IntPtr (cant check IntPtr values against a null value)
if (newBMP != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//select the image in memory
IntPtr oldBmp = (IntPtr)Win32API.SelectObject(mem, newBMP);
//copy the new bitmap into memory
Win32API.BitBlt(mem, 0, 0, xLoc, yLoc, dsk, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
//select the old bitmap into memory
Win32API.SelectObject(mem, oldBmp);
//delete the memoryDC since we're through with it
Win32API.DeleteDC(mem);
//release dskTopDC to free up the resources
Win32API.ReleaseDC(Win32API.GetDesktopWindow(), dsk);
//create out BitMap
currentView = Image.FromHbitmap(newBMP);
//return the image
return currentView;
}
else //null value returned
{
return null;
}
}
#endregion
public void GetScreenShot(string folder, string name)
{
_screenShot = new Bitmap(GetScreen());
string ingName = folder + name + Elgato_Video_Capture.counter.ToString("D6") + ".bmp";
_screenShot.Save(ingName);
_screenShot.Dispose();
}
}
}
Using it in form1 with a timer:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
timer1.Start();
}
And in tick event:
ScreenShot shot = new ScreenShot();
public static int counter = 0;
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
counter++;
shot.GetScreenShot(#"e:\screenshots\", "screenshot");
if (counter == 1200)
{
timer1.Stop();
ScreenShotsPlayer ssp = new ScreenShotsPlayer();
ssp.Show();
}
}
The exception is in the new class on the bottom on the line:
_screenShot = new Bitmap(GetScreen());
And it happen all the time after saved image number screenshot000147.bmp
System.OutOfMemoryException occurred
HResult=-2147024882
Message=Out of memory.
Source=System.Drawing
StackTrace:
at System.Drawing.Graphics.CheckErrorStatus(Int32 status)
at System.Drawing.Graphics.DrawImage(Image image, Int32 x, Int32 y, Int32 width, Int32 height)
at System.Drawing.Bitmap..ctor(Image original, Int32 width, Int32 height)
at System.Drawing.Bitmap..ctor(Image original)
at Youtube_Manager.ScreenShot.GetScreenShot(String folder, String name) in d:\C-Sharp\Manager\Manager\Manager\ScreenShot.cs:line 105
InnerException:
Line 105 is: _screenShot = new Bitmap(GetScreen());
I'm doing a dispose for the _screenShot variable after each save.
Maybe the timer in form1 is too fast ? The timer interval set to 100ms.

Image.FromHbitmap(newBMP) makes a copy based on the source; thus the original newBMP is "lost in unmanaged memory" as it is never released.
The FromHbitmap method makes a copy of the GDI bitmap; so you can release the incoming GDI bitmap (using the GDI DeleteObject method) immediately after creating the new Image.

richTextBox.DrawToBitmap Does Not Draw Containing Text?

If I have a richTextBox and run DrawToBitmap on it, it doesn't draw any of the text inside of the richTextBox.
Bitmap b = new Bitmap(rtb.Width, rtb.Height);
inputControl.DrawToBitmap(b, new Rectangle(0, 0, b.Width, b.Height));
Is there any way to fix this?

I know this is relatively old, but a working solution that I found at http://www.windows-tech.info/3/8ffaf21eed5de2d4.php:
public static Bitmap RtbToBitmap(RichTextBox rtb)
{
rtb.Update(); // Ensure RTB fully painted
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(rtb.Width, rtb.Height);
using (Graphics gr = Graphics.FromImage(bmp))
{
gr.CopyFromScreen(rtb.PointToScreen(Point.Empty), Point.Empty, rtb.Size);
}
return bmp;
}

This thread came up second in Google. Seems to have exactly what you want. Because I imagine you're using this inside your function from this question Accepting Form Elements As Method Arguments?, it's probably best to do something like this.
if(inputControl is RichTextBox)
{
//do specifc magic here
}
else
{
//general case
}
You can check for a Control containing RichTextBox recursively
bool ContainsOrIsRichTextBox(Control inputControl)
{
if(inputControl is RichTextBox) return true;
foreach(Control control in inputControl.Controls)
{
if(ContainsOrIsRichTextBox(control)) return true;
}
return false;
}
I haven't compiled this, and there's a way of doing it without risking a StackOverflowException, but this should get you started.

From the MSDN Library article for RichTextBox.DrawToBitmap():
This method is not relevant for this class.
A crummy way to say that the native Windows richedit control doesn't support WM_PRINT. Taking a screen shot is an option, Novikov gave you a link to my answer.

For what it's worth, the later version of the RichTextBox control supports the DrawToBitmap method properly; it also improves performance and has more features.
internal class RichTextBox5: RichTextBox
{
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string lpFileName);
protected override CreateParams CreateParams
{
get
{
CreateParams cparams = base.CreateParams;
if (LoadLibrary("msftedit.dll") != IntPtr.Zero)
{
cparams.ClassName = "RICHEDIT50W";
}
return cparams;
}
}
}

I found a related answer here: how to print Rich text box contents on any device contenxt with proper formatting?
I changed this to render my off screen RichTextBox to a bitmap. This way I could create a bitmap off screen and then send it to OpenGL.
// Convert the unit used by the .NET framework (1/100 inch)
// and the unit used by Win32 API calls (twips 1/1440 inch)
private const double anInch = 14.4;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct RECT
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct CHARRANGE
{
public int cpMin; // First character of range (0 for start of doc)
public int cpMax; // Last character of range (-1 for end of doc)
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct FORMATRANGE
{
public IntPtr hdc; // Actual DC to draw on
public IntPtr hdcTarget; // Target DC for determining text formatting
public RECT rc; // Region of the DC to draw to (in twips)
public RECT rcPage; // Region of the whole DC (page size) (in twips)
public CHARRANGE chrg; // Range of text to draw (see earlier declaration)
}
private const int WM_USER = 0x0400;
private const int EM_FORMATRANGE = WM_USER + 57;
[DllImport("USER32.dll")] private static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int msg, IntPtr wp, IntPtr lp);
/// <summary>
/// Render the specified RichTextBox onto the specified bitmap
/// </summary>
/// <param name="textBox">RichTextBox to render</param>
/// <param name="bitmap">Bitmap to render the RichTextBox onto</param>
public void RenderToBitmap(RichTextBox textBox, Bitmap bitmap)
{
// Set area to render to be entire bitmap
RECT rect;
rect.Left = 0;
rect.Top = 0;
rect.Right = (int)(bitmap.Width * anInch);
rect.Bottom = (int)(bitmap.Height * anInch);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);
IntPtr hdc = g.GetHdc();
FORMATRANGE fmtRange;
fmtRange.chrg.cpMin = textBox.GetCharIndexFromPosition(new Point(0,0));
fmtRange.chrg.cpMax = textBox.GetCharIndexFromPosition(new Point(bitmap.Width,bitmap.Height));
fmtRange.hdc = hdc; // Use the same DC for measuring and rendering
fmtRange.hdcTarget = hdc;
fmtRange.rc = rect;
fmtRange.rcPage = rect;
IntPtr lparam = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(Marshal.SizeOf(fmtRange));
Marshal.StructureToPtr(fmtRange, lparam, false);
// Render the control to the bitmap
SendMessage(textBox.Handle, EM_FORMATRANGE, new IntPtr(1), lparam);
// Clean up
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(lparam);
g.ReleaseHdc(hdc);
}

I tested the methods above, and whenever I load the saved Bitmap into an ImageViewer(Like Paint), it would have the SaveFileDialog-UI faded into the background of the text. Luckily, I found an easy fix:
SaveFileDialog bfsd = new SaveFileDialog();
var rtb = richTextBox1;
bfsd.Filter = "Bitmap (*.bmp)|*.bmp|All Files (*.*)|*.*";
bfsd.Title = "Save your text as a Bitmap File";
rtb.Update(); // Ensure RTB fully painted
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(rtb.Width, rtb.Height);
using (Graphics gr = Graphics.FromImage(bmp))
{
gr.CopyFromScreen(rtb.PointToScreen(Point.Empty), Point.Empty, rtb.Size);
}
if (bfsd.ShowDialog()==DialogResult.OK)
{
Draw:
try
{
bmp.Save(bfsd.FileName);
bmp.Dispose();
}
catch (Exception)
{
DialogResult dr = MessageBox.Show("An error ocurred while attempting to save your Image...", "Error! Error!", MessageBoxButtons.RetryCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
if (dr == DialogResult.Retry)
{
goto Draw;
}
else if (dr == DialogResult.Cancel)
{
return;
}
}
That way, it paints the picture before you even press Save(Don't worry, it won't actually save the image until you press Save)
Pressing Cancel doesn't effect the process, because when you press the Button or MenuStripItem to save it, it will update & re-paint it :)
I implemented a try-catch method, so that it will catch an error if one occurs, rather than the app just (Not Responding)
The catch method is a Retry Button
It will catch the error, and give you the choice to either Cancel the whole Operation, or Retry
I used a goto to be able to just rewind, and make another attempt to save the file, rather than having the SaveFileDialog appear again.
I hope this helps you :)

Capture screenshot of active window?

I am making a screen capturing application and everything is going fine. All I need to do is capture the active window and take a screenshot of this active window. Does anyone know how I can do this?

Rectangle bounds = Screen.GetBounds(Point.Empty);
using(Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height))
{
using(Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(Point.Empty, Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
bitmap.Save("test.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}
for capturing current window use
Rectangle bounds = this.Bounds;
using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height))
{
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left,bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
bitmap.Save("C://test.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}

ScreenCapture sc = new ScreenCapture();
// capture entire screen, and save it to a file
Image img = sc.CaptureScreen();
// display image in a Picture control named imageDisplay
this.imageDisplay.Image = img;
// capture this window, and save it
sc.CaptureWindowToFile(this.Handle,"C:\\temp2.gif",ImageFormat.Gif);
http://www.developerfusion.com/code/4630/capture-a-screen-shot/

I suggest next solution for capturing any current active window (not only our C# application) or entire screen with cursor position determination relative to left-top corner of window or screen respectively:
public enum enmScreenCaptureMode
{
Screen,
Window
}
class ScreenCapturer
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
public Bitmap Capture(enmScreenCaptureMode screenCaptureMode = enmScreenCaptureMode.Window)
{
Rectangle bounds;
if (screenCaptureMode == enmScreenCaptureMode.Screen)
{
bounds = Screen.GetBounds(Point.Empty);
CursorPosition = Cursor.Position;
}
else
{
var foregroundWindowsHandle = GetForegroundWindow();
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(foregroundWindowsHandle, ref rect);
bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, rect.Right - rect.Left, rect.Bottom - rect.Top);
CursorPosition = new Point(Cursor.Position.X - rect.Left, Cursor.Position.Y - rect.Top);
}
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var g = Graphics.FromImage(result))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
return result;
}
public Point CursorPosition
{
get;
protected set;
}
}

Here is a snippet to capture either the desktop or the active window.
It has no reference to Windows Forms.
public class ScreenCapture
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetDesktopWindow();
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
public static Image CaptureDesktop()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetDesktopWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureActiveWindow()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetForegroundWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureWindow(IntPtr handle)
{
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(handle, ref rect);
var bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, rect.Right - rect.Left, rect.Bottom - rect.Top);
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(result))
{
graphics.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
return result;
}
}
How to capture the whole screen:
var image = ScreenCapture.CaptureDesktop();
image.Save(#"C:\temp\snippetsource.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
How to capture the active window:
var image = ScreenCapture.CaptureActiveWindow();
image.Save(#"C:\temp\snippetsource.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
Originally found here: http://www.snippetsource.net/Snippet/158/capture-screenshot-in-c

KvanTTT's code worked great. I extended it a bit to allow a little more flexibility on save format, as well as the ability to save by hWnd, .NET Control/Form. You can get a bitmap or save to file, with a few options.
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace MosaiqPerformanceMonitor {
public enum CaptureMode {
Screen, Window
}
public static class ScreenCapturer {
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect {
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetDesktopWindow();
/// <summary> Capture Active Window, Desktop, Window or Control by hWnd or .NET Contro/Form and save it to a specified file. </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="mode">Optional. The default value is CaptureMode.Window.</param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
public static void CaptureAndSave(string filename, CaptureMode mode = CaptureMode.Window, ImageFormat format = null) {
ImageSave(filename, format, Capture(mode));
}
/// <summary> Capture a specific window (or control) and save it to a specified file. </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="handle">hWnd (handle) of the window to capture</param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
public static void CaptureAndSave(string filename, IntPtr handle, ImageFormat format = null) {
ImageSave(filename, format, Capture(handle));
}
/// <summary> Capture a specific window (or control) and save it to a specified file. </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="c">Object to capture</param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
public static void CaptureAndSave(string filename, Control c, ImageFormat format = null) {
ImageSave(filename, format, Capture(c));
}
/// <summary> Capture the active window (default) or the desktop and return it as a bitmap </summary>
/// <param name="mode">Optional. The default value is CaptureMode.Window.</param>
public static Bitmap Capture(CaptureMode mode = CaptureMode.Window) {
return Capture(mode == CaptureMode.Screen ? GetDesktopWindow() : GetForegroundWindow());
}
/// <summary> Capture a .NET Control, Form, UserControl, etc. </summary>
/// <param name="c">Object to capture</param>
/// <returns> Bitmap of control's area </returns>
public static Bitmap Capture(Control c) {
return Capture(c.Handle);
}
/// <summary> Capture a specific window and return it as a bitmap </summary>
/// <param name="handle">hWnd (handle) of the window to capture</param>
public static Bitmap Capture(IntPtr handle) {
Rectangle bounds;
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(handle, ref rect);
bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, rect.Right - rect.Left, rect.Bottom - rect.Top);
CursorPosition = new Point(Cursor.Position.X - rect.Left, Cursor.Position.Y - rect.Top);
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var g = Graphics.FromImage(result))
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
return result;
}
/// <summary> Position of the cursor relative to the start of the capture </summary>
public static Point CursorPosition;
/// <summary> Save an image to a specific file </summary>
/// <param name="filename">Filename.
/// <para>* If extension is omitted, it's calculated from the type of file</para>
/// <para>* If path is omitted, defaults to %TEMP%</para>
/// <para>* Use %NOW% to put a timestamp in the filename</para></param>
/// <param name="format">Optional file save mode. Default is PNG</param>
/// <param name="image">Image to save. Usually a BitMap, but can be any
/// Image.</param>
static void ImageSave(string filename, ImageFormat format, Image image) {
format = format ?? ImageFormat.Png;
if (!filename.Contains("."))
filename = filename.Trim() + "." + format.ToString().ToLower();
if (!filename.Contains(#"\"))
filename = Path.Combine(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("TEMP") ?? #"C:\Temp", filename);
filename = filename.Replace("%NOW%", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd#hh.mm.ss"));
image.Save(filename, format);
}
}
}

I assume you use Graphics.CopyFromScreen to get the screenshot.
You can use P/Invoke to GetForegroundWindow (and then get its position and size) to determine which region you need to copy from.

You can use the code from this question: How can I save a screenshot directly to a file in Windows?
Just change WIN32_API.GetDesktopWindow() to the Handle property of the window you want to capture.

If you want to use managed code: This will capture any window via the ProcessId.
I used the following to make the window active.
Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.AppActivate(ProcessId);
Threading.Thread.Sleep(20);
I used the print screen to capture a window.
SendKeys.SendWait("%{PRTSC}");
Threading.Thread.Sleep(40);
IDataObject objData = Clipboard.GetDataObject();

Use the following code :
// Shot size = screen size
Size shotSize = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Size;
// the upper left point in the screen to start shot
// 0,0 to get the shot from upper left point
Point upperScreenPoint = new Point(0, 0);
// the upper left point in the image to put the shot
Point upperDestinationPoint = new Point(0, 0);
// create image to get the shot in it
Bitmap shot = new Bitmap(shotSize.Width, shotSize.Height);
// new Graphics instance
Graphics graphics = Graphics.FromImage(shot);
// get the shot by Graphics class
graphics.CopyFromScreen(upperScreenPoint, upperDestinationPoint, shotSize);
// return the image
pictureBox1.Image = shot;

Works if the Desktop scaling is set.
public class ScreenCapture
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetDesktopWindow();
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct Rect
{
public int Left;
public int Top;
public int Right;
public int Bottom;
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref Rect rect);
public static Image CaptureDesktop()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetDesktopWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureActiveWindow()
{
return CaptureWindow(GetForegroundWindow());
}
public static Bitmap CaptureWindow(IntPtr handle)
{
var rect = new Rect();
GetWindowRect(handle, ref rect);
GetScale getScale = new GetScale();
var bounds = new Rectangle(rect.Left, rect.Top, (int)((rect.Right - rect.Left)* getScale.getScalingFactor()), (int)((rect.Bottom - rect.Top )* getScale.getScalingFactor()));
var result = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(result))
{
graphics.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
}
return result;
}
}

A little tweak to method static void ImageSave() will grant you the option where to save it. Credit goes to Microsoft (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/sfezx97z.aspx)
static void ImageSave(string filename, ImageFormat format, Image image, SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog1)
{
saveFileDialog1.Filter = "JPeg Image|*.jpg|Bitmap Image|*.bmp|Gif Image|*.gif";
saveFileDialog1.Title = "Enregistrer un image";
saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
// If the file name is not an empty string open it for saving.
if (saveFileDialog1.FileName != "")
{
// Saves the Image via a FileStream created by the OpenFile method.
System.IO.FileStream fs =
(System.IO.FileStream)saveFileDialog1.OpenFile();
// Saves the Image in the appropriate ImageFormat based upon the
// File type selected in the dialog box.
// NOTE that the FilterIndex property is one-based.
switch (saveFileDialog1.FilterIndex)
{
case 1:
image.Save(fs,
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
break;
case 2:
image.Save(fs,
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp);
break;
case 3:
image.Save(fs,
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif);
break;
}
fs.Close();
}
}
Your button_click event should be coded something like this...
private void btnScreenShot_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog1 = new SaveFileDialog();
ScreenCapturer.CaptureAndSave(filename, mode, format, saveFileDialog1);
}//

Based on ArsenMkrt's reply, but this one allows you to capture a control in your form (I'm writing a tool for example that has a WebBrowser control in it and want to capture just its display). Note the use of PointToScreen method:
//Project: WebCapture
//Filename: ScreenshotUtils.cs
//Author: George Birbilis (http://zoomicon.com)
//Version: 20130820
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WebCapture
{
public static class ScreenshotUtils
{
public static Rectangle Offseted(this Rectangle r, Point p)
{
r.Offset(p);
return r;
}
public static Bitmap GetScreenshot(this Control c)
{
return GetScreenshot(new Rectangle(c.PointToScreen(Point.Empty), c.Size));
}
public static Bitmap GetScreenshot(Rectangle bounds)
{
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(bounds.Width, bounds.Height);
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(bounds.Left, bounds.Top), Point.Empty, bounds.Size);
return bitmap;
}
public const string DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_TITLE = "Save image";
public const string DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_FILTER = "PNG Image (*.png)|*.png|JPEG Image (*.jpg)|*.jpg|Bitmap Image (*.bmp)|*.bmp|GIF Image (*.gif)|*.gif";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_COMPUTER = "0AC0837C-BBF8-452A-850D-79D08E667CA7";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_DESKTOP = "B4BFCC3A-DB2C-424C-B029-7FE99A87C641";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_DOCUMENTS = "FDD39AD0-238F-46AF-ADB4-6C85480369C7";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_PICTURES = "33E28130-4E1E-4676-835A-98395C3BC3BB";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_PUBLICPICTURES = "B6EBFB86-6907-413C-9AF7-4FC2ABF07CC5";
public const string CUSTOMPLACES_RECENT = "AE50C081-EBD2-438A-8655-8A092E34987A";
public static SaveFileDialog GetImageSaveFileDialog(
string title = DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_TITLE,
string filter = DEFAULT_IMAGESAVEFILEDIALOG_FILTER)
{
SaveFileDialog dialog = new SaveFileDialog();
dialog.Title = title;
dialog.Filter = filter;
/* //this seems to throw error on Windows Server 2008 R2, must be for Windows Vista only
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_COMPUTER);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_DESKTOP);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_DOCUMENTS);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_PICTURES);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_PUBLICPICTURES);
dialog.CustomPlaces.Add(CUSTOMPLACES_RECENT);
*/
return dialog;
}
public static void ShowSaveFileDialog(this Image image, IWin32Window owner = null)
{
using (SaveFileDialog dlg = GetImageSaveFileDialog())
if (dlg.ShowDialog(owner) == DialogResult.OK)
image.Save(dlg.FileName);
}
}
}
Having the Bitmap object you can just call Save on it
private void btnCapture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
webBrowser.GetScreenshot().Save("C://test.jpg", ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}
The above assumes the GC will grab the bitmap, but maybe it's better to assign the result of someControl.getScreenshot() to a Bitmap variable, then dispose that variable manually when finished with each image, especially if you're doing this grabbing often (say you have a list of webpages you want to load and save screenshots of them):
private void btnCapture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Bitmap bitmap = webBrowser.GetScreenshot();
bitmap.ShowSaveFileDialog();
bitmap.Dispose(); //release bitmap resources
}
Even better, could employ a using clause, which has the added benefit of releasing the bitmap resources even in case of an exception occuring inside the using (child) block:
private void btnCapture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
using(Bitmap bitmap = webBrowser.GetScreenshot())
bitmap.ShowSaveFileDialog();
//exit from using block will release bitmap resources even if exception occured
}
Update:
Now WebCapture tool is ClickOnce-deployed (http://gallery.clipflair.net/WebCapture) from the web (also has nice autoupdate support thanks to ClickOnce) and you can find its source code at https://github.com/Zoomicon/ClipFlair/tree/master/Server/Tools/WebCapture

public static void ScreenCapFull_Clip(string strDestinationFolder, string strDestinationFile, bool bWriteToFile, bool bWriteToClipboard, out string strError)
{
strError = String.Empty;
if (strDestinationFile.Trim() == String.Empty) // Sort of hokey
bWriteToFile = false; // strDestinationFile = "c:\\temp\\clip.jpg";
int screenLeft = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Left;
int screenTop = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Top;
int screenWidth = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Width;
int screenHeight = SystemInformation.VirtualScreen.Height;
// Create a bitmap of the appropriate size to receive the full-screen screenshot.
using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(screenWidth, screenHeight))
{
// Draw the screenshot into our bitmap.
using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
g.CopyFromScreen(screenLeft, screenTop, 0, 0, bitmap.Size);
}
//Save the screenshot as a Jpg image
var uniqueFileName = strDestinationFile; // "C:\\temp\\a.Jpg";
try
{
if(bWriteToFile == true)
bitmap.Save(uniqueFileName, ImageFormat.Jpeg);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
strError = "Error: Could not write to file: " + uniqueFileName + "-" + ex.Message + "...";
}
if (bWriteToClipboard == false)
return;
try
{
System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
PictureBox pb = new PictureBox();
pb.Image = bitmap; //???
//Put the image in a memorystream. VpaResult.VpaImage is a picturebox.
//VpaResult.VpaImage.Image.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
pb.Image.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
DataObject m_data = new DataObject();
m_data.SetData("PNG", true, ms);
Clipboard.SetDataObject(m_data, true);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
strError += "Error: Could not write to Clipboard: " + ex.Message + "...";
strError = ex.Message;
}
}
} // End public static void ScreenCapFull_Clip