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Websocket server is not starting without admin rights

My websocket server is not starting. I cannot connect. But if I run program with admin rights It's working.
X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2(Resource.UZCRYPTO);
using (X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.CurrentUser))
{
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
if (!store.Certificates.Contains(certificate))
store.Add(certificate);
}
X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2(Resource._127_0_0_1, "1", X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet);
//WebCoket set
WebSocketServer wssv = new WebSocketServer(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 4141, true);
wssv.SslConfiguration.ServerCertificate = new X509Certificate2(cert);
wssv.SslConfiguration.EnabledSslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls11 | SslProtocols.Tls12;
wssv.AddWebSocketService<WebSocketEcho>("/");
wssv.KeepClean = false;
wssv.Start();

Windows/Linux dotnet core SslStream differences

I'm trying to get SslStream with local (file) certificates working with dotnet core 5. On Linux (Alpine Linux 3.14.0), everything functions as intended with servers authenticating the remote client. On Windows (Windows 10 Enterprise, version 20H2), it seems that the authentication procedure is still trying to use the Windows certificate store to validate even though the certificate validation should be overridden by the SslStream constructor.
Is this a bug in the Windows implementation of SslStream, or am I missing a required configuration to force it to only use the loaded certificate files?
Test program below. The program will generate a CA and certificates for a client and server. It will then create 2 threads to test a SslStream using those certificates. Linux runs without any issues, but Windows will throw a System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception (0x80090304): The Local Security Authority cannot be contacted when it runs.
using System;
namespace sslstream
{
class Program
{
static bool VerifyCertificate(object sender, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate certificate, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Chain chain, System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
{
return true; //TODO: verify certificate chain and hostnames
}
static void RunClient()
{
var clientCert = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2("Client.pfx");
var collection = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509CertificateCollection(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate[] { clientCert });
using var client = new System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient();
client.Connect(System.Net.IPAddress.Loopback, 12345);
var clientStream = client.GetStream();
using var sStream = new System.Net.Security.SslStream(clientStream, false, new System.Net.Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(VerifyCertificate), null, System.Net.Security.EncryptionPolicy.RequireEncryption);
sStream.AuthenticateAsClient("127.0.0.1", collection, System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols.Tls12, false);
sStream.Write(new byte[1] { 55 });
}
static void RunServer()
{
var serverCert = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2("127.0.0.1.pfx");
var listener = new System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener(new System.Net.IPEndPoint(System.Net.IPAddress.Loopback, 12345));
listener.Start();
using var client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
var clientStream = client.GetStream();
using var sStream = new System.Net.Security.SslStream(clientStream, false, new System.Net.Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(VerifyCertificate), null, System.Net.Security.EncryptionPolicy.RequireEncryption);
sStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCert, true, System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols.Tls12, false);
var fiftyFive = sStream.ReadByte();
if (fiftyFive != 55)
throw new Exception($"Expected 55, got {fiftyFive}");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
if (!System.IO.File.Exists("CA.pfx"))
MakeCertificates();
CRNG.Dispose();
var t1 = new System.Threading.Thread(RunServer);
t1.Start();
//TODO: wait for server to start before starting client
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
var t2 = new System.Threading.Thread(RunClient);
t2.Start();
t1.Join();
t2.Join();
}
static void MakeCertificates()
{
MakeCA();
MakeCert("127.0.0.1");
MakeCert("Client");
}
static void MakeCA()
{
var ecdsa = System.Security.Cryptography.ECDsa.Create(); // generate asymmetric key pair
var req = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.CertificateRequest($"cn=Certificate Authority", ecdsa, System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName.SHA256);
req.CertificateExtensions.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509BasicConstraintsExtension(true, false, 0, true));
req.CertificateExtensions.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509SubjectKeyIdentifierExtension(req.PublicKey, false));
var cert = req.CreateSelfSigned(System.DateTimeOffset.Now, System.DateTimeOffset.Now.AddYears(1000));
System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes("CA.pfx", cert.Export(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType.Pfx));
System.IO.File.WriteAllText("CA.crt",
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+ System.Convert.ToBase64String(cert.Export(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType.Cert), System.Base64FormattingOptions.InsertLineBreaks)
+ "\r\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----");
}
static System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator CRNG = System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator.Create();
static void MakeCert(string cn)
{
var ecdsa = System.Security.Cryptography.ECDsa.Create(); // generate asymmetric key pair
var ca = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2("CA.pfx");
var req = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.CertificateRequest($"cn={cn}", ecdsa, System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName.SHA256);
req.CertificateExtensions.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509BasicConstraintsExtension(false, false, 0, false));
req.CertificateExtensions.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyUsageExtension(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyUsageFlags.DigitalSignature | System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyUsageFlags.NonRepudiation, false));
req.CertificateExtensions.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509SubjectKeyIdentifierExtension(req.PublicKey, false));
req.CertificateExtensions.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509EnhancedKeyUsageExtension(new System.Security.Cryptography.OidCollection { new System.Security.Cryptography.Oid("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8") }, true));
var serial = new byte[20];
CRNG.GetBytes(serial);
var cert = req.Create(ca, System.DateTime.Now, System.DateTime.Now.AddYears(500), serial);
cert = System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.ECDsaCertificateExtensions.CopyWithPrivateKey(cert, ecdsa);
System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes($"{cn}.pfx", cert.Export(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType.Pfx));
System.IO.File.WriteAllText($"{cn}.crt",
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
+ System.Convert.ToBase64String(cert.Export(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType.Cert), System.Base64FormattingOptions.InsertLineBreaks)
+ "\r\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----");
}
}
}

I'm not sure if it's just a bug on Windows, but I switched to RSA instead of ECDSA and now it works on both Linux and Windows.
Key generation is a lot slower (not sure about processing overhead from data transfer yet), so if anyone has a solution for using ECDSA on Windows I'd prefer that.

My gRPC-Test Project just work on localhost

i have the following problem.
I created a gRpc Server(Console App .Net 4.7.2 - i cant do Net Core on Server Side because of Crystal Reports :() and a Client(WPF App .Net Core 3.1) and i can run it as long as Server and Client are on my machine (Windows 10). As far es i take my Server to another machine (windows Server 2016), it does not work anymore.
this is the RPC Exception:
Status(StatusCode="Unavailable", Detail="failed to connect to all
addresses",
DebugException="Grpc.Core.Internal.CoreErrorDetailException:
{"created":"#1595508082.170000000","description":"Failed to pick
subchannel","file":"T:\src\github\grpc\workspace_csharp_ext_windows_x64\src\core\ext\filters\client_channel\client_channel.cc","file_line":3948,"referenced_errors":[{"created":"#1595508082.170000000","description":"failed
to connect to all
addresses","file":"T:\src\github\grpc\workspace_csharp_ext_windows_x64\src\core\ext\filters\client_channel\lb_policy\pick_first\pick_first.cc","file_line":394,"grpc_status":14}]}")
i tried all variations. Here is my lastcode that works on localhost:
Server:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var cacert = File.ReadAllText(#"root.crt");
var servercert = File.ReadAllText(#"server.crt");
var serverkey = File.ReadAllText(#"server.key");
var keypair = new KeyCertificatePair(servercert, serverkey);
var sslCredentials = new SslServerCredentials(new List<KeyCertificatePair>() { keypair }, cacert, false);
// Build a server
var server = new Server
{
Services = { ReportService.BindService(new KKarteReportService()) },
Ports = { new ServerPort(Host, Port, sslCredentials) }
};
// Start server
server.Start();
Console.WriteLine("KKarteReport Server listening on port " + Port);
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to stop the server...");
Console.ReadKey();
server.ShutdownAsync().Wait();
}
Client
var cacert = File.ReadAllText(#"root.crt");
var clientcert = File.ReadAllText(#"client.crt");
var clientkey = File.ReadAllText(#"client.key");
var ssl = new SslCredentials(cacert, new KeyCertificatePair(clientcert, clientkey));
var options = new List<ChannelOption> { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SslTargetNameOverride, "MyServerHost") };
var channel = new Channel("12.20.18.11", 5001, ssl, options);
//var channel = new Channel("localhost", 5001, ssl, options);
//var channel = new Channel(url, ChannelCredentials.Insecure);
var client = new ReportService.ReportServiceClient(channel);
using var streamingCall = client.CreateAusschreibung(request);
await using var ms = new MemoryStream();
while (await streamingCall.ResponseStream.MoveNext())
{
ms.Write(streamingCall.ResponseStream.Current.FileChunk.ToByteArray());
}
What do i miss?

What does the ‘Host‘ variable contain on the server side? The issue might be a incorrect address binding, which prevents the service from being reachable from IP addresses other than localhost (127.0.0.1). Try entering 0.0.0.0 there.

LDAP Server not available error when using LDAPS authentication

string username = "username";
var con = new LdapConnection(new LdapDirectoryIdentifier(ADUtilities.LDAPServer, Convert.ToInt32(ADUtilities.LDAPPort), false, false));
con.SessionOptions.SecureSocketLayer = true;
con.SessionOptions.ProtocolVersion = 3;
var clientCertificateFile = new X509Certificate();
clientCertificateFile.Import(ADUtilities.LDAPSSLCertificatePath);
con.ClientCertificates.Add(clientCertificateFile);
con.SessionOptions.VerifyServerCertificate = new VerifyServerCertificateCallback(VerifyServerCertificate); }
con.Credential = new NetworkCredential(username, ADPassword);
con.AuthType = AuthType.Negotiate;
con.Timeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
con.Bind();
private bool VerifyServerCertificate(LdapConnection ldapConnection, X509Certificate certificate) {
X509Certificate2 certificate2 = new X509Certificate2(certificate);
return certificate2.Verify();
}
Error is coming in the line con.bind() that LDAP server is not available. Same code is working fine with port 389 but not with 636 i.e. LDAPS

Add client certificate to .NET Core HttpClient

I was playing around with .NET Core and building an API that utilizes payment APIs. There's a client certificate that needs to be added to the request for two-way SSL authentication.
How can I achieve this in .NET Core using HttpClient?
I have looked at various articles and found that HttpClientHandler doesn't provide any option to add client certificates.

I ran a fresh install for my platform (Linux Mint 17.3) following these steps: .NET Tutorial - Hello World in 5 minutes. I created a new console application targeting the netcoreapp1.0 framework, was able to submit a client certificate; however, I did receive "SSL connect error" (CURLE_SSL_CONNECT_ERROR 35) while testing, even though I used a valid certificate. My error could be specific to my libcurl.
I ran the exact same thing on Windows 7 and it worked exactly as needed.
// using System.Net.Http;
// using System.Security.Authentication;
// using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
var handler = new HttpClientHandler();
handler.ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual;
handler.SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12;
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(new X509Certificate2("cert.crt"));
var client = new HttpClient(handler);
var result = client.GetAsync("https://apitest.startssl.com").GetAwaiter().GetResult();

I have a similar project where I communicate between services as well as between mobile and desktop with a service.
We use the Authenticode certificate from the EXE file to ensure that it's our binaries that are doing the requests.
On the requesting side (over simplified for the post).
Module m = Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetModules()[0];
using (var cert = m.GetSignerCertificate())
using (var cert2 = new X509Certificate2(cert))
{
var _clientHandler = new HttpClientHandler();
_clientHandler.ClientCertificates.Add(cert2);
_clientHandler.ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual;
var myModel = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{ "property1","value" },
{ "property2","value" },
};
using (var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(myModel))
using (var _client = new HttpClient(_clientHandler))
using (HttpResponseMessage response = _client.PostAsync($"{url}/{controler}/{action}", content).Result)
{
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
string jsonString = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
var myClass = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MyClass>(jsonString);
}
}
I then use the following code on the action that gets the request:
X509Certificate2 clientCertInRequest = Request.HttpContext.Connection.ClientCertificate;
if (!clientCertInRequest.Verify() || !AllowedCerialNumbers(clientCertInRequest.SerialNumber))
{
Response.StatusCode = 404;
return null;
}
We rather provide a 404 than a 500 as we like those that are trying URLs to get a bad request rather then let them know that they are "on the right track"
In .NET Core, the way to get the certificate is no longer by going over Module. The modern way that might work for you is:
private static X509Certificate2? Signer()
{
using var cert = X509Certificate2.CreateFromSignedFile(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);
if (cert is null)
return null;
return new X509Certificate2(cert);
}

After a lot of testing with this issue I ended up with this.
Using SSL, I created a pfx file from the certificate and key.
Create a HttpClient as follows:
_httpClient = new(new HttpClientHandler
{
ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual,
SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12,
ClientCertificates = { new X509Certificate2(#"C:\kambiDev.pfx") }
});

I'm not using .NET for my client, but server side it can be configured simply via IIS by deploying my ASP.NET Core website behind IIS, configuring IIS for HTTPS + client certificates:
IIS client certificate setting:
Then you can get it simply in the code:
var clientCertificate = await HttpContext.Connection.GetClientCertificateAsync();
if(clientCertificate!=null)
return new ContentResult() { Content = clientCertificate.Subject };
It's working fine for me, but I'm using curl or chrome as clients, not the .NET ones. During the HTTPS handshake, the client gets a request from the server to provide a certificate and send it to the server.
If you are using a .NET Core client, it can't have platform-specific code and it would make sense if it couldn't connect itself to any OS specific certificates store, to extract it and send it to the server. If you were compiling against .NET 4.5.x then it seems easy:
Using HttpClient with SSL/TLS-based client side authentication
It's like when you compile curl. If you want to be able to connect it to the Windows certificates store, you have to compile it against some specific Windows library.

Can be used for both .NET Core 2.0< and .NET Framework 4.7.1<:
var handler = new HttpClientHandler();
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(new X509Certificate2("cert.crt"));
var client = new HttpClient(handler);
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.net.http.httpclienthandler?view=netframework-4.7.1

Make all configuration in Main() like this:
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddJsonFile("appsettings.json").Build();
var logger = new LoggerConfiguration().ReadFrom.Configuration(configuration).CreateLogger();
string env="", sbj="", crtf = "";
try
{
var whb = WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());
var environment = env = whb.GetSetting("environment");
var subjectName = sbj = CertificateHelper.GetCertificateSubjectNameBasedOnEnvironment(environment);
var certificate = CertificateHelper.GetServiceCertificate(subjectName);
crtf = certificate != null ? certificate.Subject : "It will after the certification";
if (certificate == null) // present apies even without server certificate but dont give permission on authorization
{
var host = whb
.ConfigureKestrel(_ => { })
.UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.UseIISIntegration()
.UseStartup<Startup>()
.UseConfiguration(configuration)
.UseSerilog((context, config) =>
{
config.ReadFrom.Configuration(context.Configuration);
})
.Build();
host.Run();
}
else
{
var host = whb
.ConfigureKestrel(options =>
{
options.Listen(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Loopback, 443), listenOptions =>
{
var httpsConnectionAdapterOptions = new HttpsConnectionAdapterOptions()
{
ClientCertificateMode = ClientCertificateMode.AllowCertificate,
SslProtocols = System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols.Tls12,
ServerCertificate = certificate
};
listenOptions.UseHttps(httpsConnectionAdapterOptions);
});
})
.UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.UseIISIntegration()
.UseUrls("https://*:443")
.UseStartup<Startup>()
.UseConfiguration(configuration)
.UseSerilog((context, config) =>
{
config.ReadFrom.Configuration(context.Configuration);
})
.Build();
host.Run();
}
Log.Logger.Information("Information: Environment = " + env +
" Subject = " + sbj +
" Certificate Subject = " + crtf);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Log.Logger.Error("Main handled an exception: Environment = " + env +
" Subject = " + sbj +
" Certificate Subject = " + crtf +
" Exception Detail = " + ex.Message);
}
}
Configure file startup.cs like this:
#region 2way SSL settings
services.AddMvc();
services.AddAuthentication(options =>
{
options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = CertificateAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
options.DefaultChallengeScheme = CertificateAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
})
.AddCertificateAuthentication(certOptions =>
{
var certificateAndRoles = new List<CertficateAuthenticationOptions.CertificateAndRoles>();
Configuration.GetSection("AuthorizedCertficatesAndRoles:CertificateAndRoles").Bind(certificateAndRoles);
certOptions.CertificatesAndRoles = certificateAndRoles.ToArray();
});
services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
options.AddPolicy("CanAccessAdminMethods", policy => policy.RequireRole("Admin"));
options.AddPolicy("CanAccessUserMethods", policy => policy.RequireRole("User"));
});
#endregion
The certificate helper
public class CertificateHelper
{
protected internal static X509Certificate2 GetServiceCertificate(string subjectName)
{
using (var certStore = new X509Store(StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine))
{
certStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
var certCollection = certStore.Certificates.Find(
X509FindType.FindBySubjectDistinguishedName, subjectName, true);
X509Certificate2 certificate = null;
if (certCollection.Count > 0)
{
certificate = certCollection[0];
}
return certificate;
}
}
protected internal static string GetCertificateSubjectNameBasedOnEnvironment(string environment)
{
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{environment}.json", optional: false);
var configuration = builder.Build();
return configuration["ServerCertificateSubject"];
}
}

If you look at the .NET Standard reference for the HttpClientHandler class, you can see that the ClientCertificates property exists, but is hidden due to the use of EditorBrowsableState.Never. This prevents IntelliSense from showing it, but will still work in code that uses it.
[System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
public System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509CertificateCollection ClientCertificates { get; }

I thought the best answer for this was provided here.
By utilizing the X-ARR-ClientCert header you can provide the certificate information.
An adapted solution is here:
X509Certificate2 certificate;
var handler = new HttpClientHandler {
ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual,
SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12
};
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(certificate);
handler.CheckCertificateRevocationList = false;
// this is required to get around self-signed certs
handler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback =
(httpRequestMessage, cert, cetChain, policyErrors) => {
return true;
};
var client = new HttpClient(handler);
requestMessage.Headers.Add("X-ARR-ClientCert", certificate.GetRawCertDataString());
requestMessage.Content = new StringContent(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(requestData), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
var response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
var responseContent = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
var keyResponse = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<KeyResponse>(responseContent);
return keyResponse;
}
And in your .net core server's Startup routine:
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddCertificateForwarding(options => {
options.CertificateHeader = "X-ARR-ClientCert";
options.HeaderConverter = (headerValue) => {
X509Certificate2 clientCertificate = null;
try
{
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(headerValue))
{
var bytes = ConvertHexToBytes(headerValue);
clientCertificate = new X509Certificate2(bytes);
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
// invalid certificate
}
return clientCertificate;
};
});
}