I'm trying to connect to Graph API and get user access token.
My problem is that I don't know how to connect to Graph API with credentials silently (without browser).
I currently use MSLogin() for get access token but it open a browser where you can authorize an AzureAD app to get some access to your account. A library in Java is litteraly what I want in c# https://github.com/Litarvan/OpenAuth
I need something like: MSGraph.ConnectAsync(email, pass).getAccessToken();
Here my current code (Through a browser)
private const string ClientId = "520f6e8e-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
private string[] scopes = { "https://graph.microsoft.com/user.read" };
private static AuthenticationResult authResult;
public static IPublicClientApplication PublicClientApp;
private async Task<AuthenticationResult> MSLogin()
{
PublicClientApp = PublicClientApplicationBuilder.Create(ClientId).WithRedirectUri("msal520f6e8e-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx://auth").Build();
authResult = await PublicClientApp.AcquireTokenInteractive(scopes).ExecuteAsync();
return authResult;
}
If you are using Microsoft Graph .NET Client Library you can check documentation with example how to implement username/password authentication flow.
string[] scopes = {"User.Read"};
var usernamePasswordCredential = new UsernamePasswordCredential("username#domain.com", "password", tenantId, clientId);
var graphClient = new GraphServiceClient(usernamePasswordCredential, scopes);
var me = await graphClient.Me.Request().GetAsync();
You can use AcquireTokenByUsernamePassword() for that, see MSDN.
Note however that Microsoft discourages usage of this flow and depending on your AzureAD setup there might be restrictions (i.e. you can aquire tokens only within a certain IP range etc).
Well, you can get the access token silently but not at the first time, First a user must authorize your app by going through Microsoft's Login flow and for your subsequent calls to Microsoft, you can get the access token without the intervention of user.
I would just give a basic idea, without focusing on a specific SDK that you might be using. For which, you can decide which ever method suits your needs.
I assume, you already have your credentials and desired scopes with you, otherwise you need to obtain those.
Formulate a proper URL using the credentials you obtained, plus you need to add an extra scope in the URL which is offline_access. Then you need to redirect the user to Microsoft for the initial authorization.
If the user logs in successfully, Microsoft will redirect the user back to your website with an Authorization Code.
Grab that Authorization Code and exchange it for an Access Token using /oauth2/{version}/token api.
You will receive a response from above call which will contain an Access Token along with a Refresh Token. You need to store the refresh token somewhere for future use.
Now comes the interesting part.
Using the refresh token, you can renew the access token when it expires without user's intervention. You can use oauth2/v2.0/token api with parameters:
client_id={your_client_id}&scope={your_scopes}&refresh_token={refresh_token_obtained}&grant_type=refresh_token&client_secret={your_client_secret}
The resultant response would look something like this:
{
"access_token": "new access token",
"token_type": "Bearer",
"expires_in": 3599,
"scope": "your scopes",
"refresh_token": "refresh token",
}
REF: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/auth-v2-user#authorization-request
Related
I am developing a .NET Core Console Application (C#) that needs to authenticate to an Office 365 IMAP account. The purpose is to retrieve mail and process CSV file attachments unattended.
The app has been registered on Azure as a Mobile/Desktop app with the RedirectUri set as http://localhost.
The following code causes a new tab to open in Chrome web browser and asks for the Outlook account to use for login. I need to stop the browser from opening and handle authentication completely from code.
Current Code:
using var client = new ImapClient(new ProtocolLogger("imap.log"));
var options = new PublicClientApplicationOptions
{
ClientId = _options.ClientId,
TenantId = _options.TenantId,
RedirectUri = "http://localhost"
};
var publicClientApplication = PublicClientApplicationBuilder
.CreateWithApplicationOptions(options)
.Build();
var scopes = new[]
{
"email",
"offline_access",
"https://outlook.office.com/IMAP.AccessAsUser.All" // Only needed for IMAP
//"https://outlook.office.com/POP.AccessAsUser.All", // Only needed for POP
//"https://outlook.office.com/SMTP.AccessAsUser.All", // Only needed for SMTP
};
var cancellationToken = new CancellationToken();
var authToken = await publicClientApplication
.AcquireTokenInteractive(scopes)
.ExecuteAsync(cancellationToken);
await publicClientApplication
.AcquireTokenSilent(scopes, authToken.Account)
.ExecuteAsync(cancellationToken);
SaslMechanism oauth2;
if (client.AuthenticationMechanisms.Contains("OAUTHBEARER"))
{
oauth2 = new SaslMechanismOAuthBearer(authToken.Account.Username, authToken.AccessToken);
}
else
{
oauth2 = new SaslMechanismOAuth2(authToken.Account.Username, authToken.AccessToken);
}
await client.AuthenticateAsync(oauth2);
await client.DisconnectAsync (true);
This line triggers a browser window to open https://login.microsoftonline.com/:
var authToken = await publicClientApplication
.AcquireTokenInteractive(scopes)
.ExecuteAsync(cancellationToken);
This console application will be run unattended. How do I obtain the token and authenticate without a web browser opening up?
This is an answear to your latest comment, as it's my final recommendation. So, first of all, you should decide if you want to acess the data on behalf of user, or as an app granted permissions by admin.
First step is to register your app.
Second step is getting the acess token. This is going to differ based on the method you chose. Tutorial for each: acting on behalf of the user or acting without the user, but granted permission from admin.
Once you have the acess token, you can call the Microsoft Graph API. The important thing is, you always have to call Microsoft Graph API. There is no other official way (as far as I know) of comunicating with Microsoft's services. You can try the requests with the Microsoft Graph Explorer, however it's VERY limited with it's defaul urls/parameters, so I suggest taking a look at the docs.
From what you've described, you first want to obtain UserID. The way of doing this is going to vary based on what type of auth you chose.
If you chose to act on behalf of user, you should be able to get that (ID) using this endpoint: https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/
If you chose to act as an app with admin consent, you should be able to search for user using the https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/people/?$search= with search query parameters. Here are the docs for this endpoint
Now, the only thing left, is to supply that ID to one of the Outlook api methods. You can find docs for them here. Specifically, it seems like you want to list all messages and then read a specific message.
Also, keep an eye on what methods you use with which type of auth. On behalf of user, you usually want url's that contain /me, on behalf of app with given admin privelages, you usually want some endpoint that enables you to pass user id.
Hope I helped!
PS: There is no code in this response, because there is a lot of stuff that just cannot be coded without your decisions, actions on Azure and so on. I suggest you read a little bit about auth and graph api using microsoft docs I linked earlier.
This code worked for me using MSAL after registering the app in azure and getting a client secret.
var options = new ConfidentialClientApplicationOptions
{
ClientId = "<ClientID or Application ID>",
TenantId = "<Azure TenantId>",
RedirectUri = "http://localhost"
};
string clientSecret = "<Client Secret Goes here>";
var confidentialClientApplication = ConfidentialClientApplicationBuilder
.CreateWithApplicationOptions(options)
.WithClientSecret(clientSecret)
.Build();
var scopes = new string[] {
"https://outlook.office365.com/.default"
};
var authToken = await confidentialClientApplication.AcquireTokenForClient(scopes).ExecuteAsync();
I'm composing a demo on how to obtain a token from IDS4 using Postman.
The request for password token is taken from IDS4's page.
[HttpGet("token")]
public IActionResult GetToken([FromHeader] string user, [FromHeader] string pass)
{
string tokenEndpoint = "https://localhost:44300/connect/token";
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
Task<TokenResponse> tokenResponse =
client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest
{
Address = tokenEndpoint,
ClientId = "client",
ClientSecret = "client_secret",
Scope = "MemberApi.full",
UserName = user,
Password = pass
});
TokenResponse toko = tokenResponse.Result;
if (toko.IsError)
return Ok(toko.Error);
return Ok(toko.AccessToken;
}
The clients are set up as follows.
private static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients => new[]
{
...
new Client
{
ClientId = "client",
ClientSecrets = { new Secret("client_secret".Sha256()) },
ClientName = "Client",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit,
AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser = true,
RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5000/security/credentials" },
PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5000/index.html" },
AllowedCorsOrigins = { "http://localhost:5000", "https://localhost:44300" },
AllowedScopes =
{
IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Email,
"MemberApi",
"MemberApi.full",
"MemberApi.limited"
}
}
};
The API resources are set up as the following shows.
private static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApis => new[]
{
new ApiResource
{
Name = "MemberApi",
DisplayName = "Members' API",
ApiSecrets = {new Secret("MemberSecret".Sha256())},
UserClaims = {JwtClaimTypes.Name, JwtClaimTypes.Email, JwtClaimTypes.Role},
Scopes = {new Scope("MemberApi.full"), new Scope("MemberApi.limited")}
}
};
As far I can tell I followed the suggestions in the docs. I've tried to compare with the examples, too. Despite that, I get stuck on the error saying unauthorized_client. What can I be missing?
The client request is not allowed in this flow:
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit
Forget client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync. You don't need it and you can't use it. In the implicit flow only the user knows the password. It is out of reach for the client.
Assume IdentityServer runs on one domain: https://idp.mydomain.com and the client runs somewhere else: https://mvc.mydomain.com
When the user hits a secured page on the mvc client, the user is routed to IdentityServer where the user logs in. There the user enters the credentials and if succesful the user is returned to the client as a known identity.
Depending on the flow the client eventually ends up with at least an access token. This token is important because that allows the client to access the resource on behalf of the user. It is like an entry ticket.
Based on the access token the resource now knows WHO wants to access the resource. The access token has one claim that makes this distinction, the 'sub' claim. Without this claim the client has no access to the resource in this flow.
In your configuration the client is allowed to access the 'MemberApi' scopes, but it needs the user's consent before it actually can access the resource.
If you want to retrieve a token start with the easiest flow there is, the client credentials flow.
That's the flow where there is no user at all. The client (as in piece of software) can login using the clientid + secret. When configured properly this will result in an access token.
Now the client can access the resource without any user interaction. The identity token is not available as there is no user. The 'sub' claim is missing. The refresh token is not supported in this flow, it doesn't need it. The client can request a new token using the credentials.
If you want to know how the refresh token works, in a hybrid flow the user logs in and in addition (if scope=offline is configured) a refresh token is returned.
As an access token is only valid for a short time (depends on the expiration time) a new token must be acquired. For this the refresh token should be used. The refresh token allows the client to request a new access token without requiring user interaction (offline access).
The new access token is used until it expires and a new token must be requested. Until the refesh token itself expires, but that can be configured.
In the implicit flow there is no refresh token, but the access token does expire all the same. So you'll need another way to refresh the token. For that you can use something like a silent token renew implementation.
For terminology please read the documentation.
Please note the various flows. It all depends on the circumstances. Is there a user or not, is it a browser application, is there a front-channel, back-channel, is offline access required, can the client keep a secret? Things that need to be considered before choosing a flow.
When a flow is chosen, you need to configure the allowed grants for clients. A client using client credentials cannot access the resource if only an implicit grant type is allowed.
IdentityServer is mostly about configuring clients and resources. Take a look at the samples to see the different flows and how they are configured.
The client is only allowed to use Implicit Flow to acquire token for accessing the resource which protected by Identity Server :
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit,
But your client is using the Resource Owner Flow :
This grant type is suitable for clients capable of obtaining the
resource owner's credentials (username and password, typically using
an interactive form). It is also used to migrate existing clients
using direct authentication schemes such as HTTP Basic or Digest
authentication to OAuth by converting the stored credentials to an
access token.
If you are using SPA application , you should use Implicit Flow to obtain tokens without exposing end user credentials to a third party.
Generally , you have three apps : client app , identity server(with user db) and api . When using Implicit Flow :
Client will redirect user to identity server app, identity server provides UI to let user enter their credentials .
After user enter their credential , identity server will validate the credential in DB/configuration file . Of course you can also config the external login in identity server .
After validate the credentials , identity server will issue ID Token and access token(if scope includes API resource) back to your client app ,according to the callback url in client's OpenID Connect configuration .
Client app will validate and decode the ID token and sign-in user . You can use SDK or directly handle the process manually .
If you get the acess token , you can keep the access token in session cache , it can be used to access the protected resource until it is expires .
I want to programmatically get access token for the current user after logging in. I've figured out how to get a token using client credentials but I couldn't figure out how to get one on behalf of the user.
Here's what I tried to get using client credentials:
var client = new TokenClient("http://localhost:34240/connect/token", "client", "secret", AuthenticationStyle.PostValues);
var token = client.RequestClientCredentialsAsync(scope: "api").GetAwaiter().GetResult();
Do I need to use acr_values to add subject value to the request? If yes, how do I add it to the returned access token?
Or do I need to use code grant type instead? If yes, how do I request an authorization code programmatically?
Or is there another way that I'm missing?
I'd appreciate any help. I've checked IdentityServer samples but couldn't see anything about this.
Have a look at the Resource owner password grant examples. Basically you are doing almost the same, like you are currently doing, but instead of client credentials grant, you need to setup your client to use ResourceOwnerPassword, and then the code that you've shown, changes to:
var client = new TokenClient("http://localhost:34240/connect/token", "client", "secret", AuthenticationStyle.PostValues);
var token = client.RequestResourceOwnerPasswordAsync("<username>", "<password>", scope: "api").GetAwaiter().GetResult();
By this you are getting a token on behalf of the user. But have in mind:
The spec recommends using the resource owner password grant only for “trusted” (or legacy) applications. Generally speaking you are typically far better off using one of the interactive OpenID Connect flows when you want to authenticate a user and request access tokens.
I am creating a console application that connects to Microsoft Graph using the Microsoft Graph API (as shown in https://github.com/microsoftgraph/console-csharp-connect-sample).
Everything is working fine, but I wonder if there is a way where I can authenticate a user (when I already know their user/password) without them needing to manually enter their credentials on the "Sing in to your account" window rendered on the desktop.
The idea is basically to run the application unattended, so there is no need for the user to be entering their credentials when the application starts. I can´t find any relevant information on the subject.
Is that even possible?
EDIT
After following the link #DanSilver posted about geting access without a user, I tried the sample suggested in that link (https://github.com/Azure-Samples/active-directory-dotnet-daemon-v2). Although that is an MVC application that forces users to authenticate (precisely what I wanted to avoid) I have managed to use part of the authentication code in that sample with my console application. After giving authorization to the application manually through a request to https://login.microsoftonline.com/myTenantId/adminconsent I can create a GraphServiceClient in my console app that connects to Graph without user interaction. So I mark the answer as valid.
Just in case someone is in the same situation, the GraphServiceclient is created as:
GraphServiceClient graphServiceClientApplication = new GraphServiceClient("https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0", new DelegateAuthenticationProvider(
async (requestMessage) =>
{
string clientId = "yourClientApplicationId";
string authorityFormat = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/{0}/v2.0";
string tenantId = "yourTenantId";
string msGraphScope = "https://graph.microsoft.com/.default";
string redirectUri = "msalXXXXXX://auth"; // Custom Redirect URI asigned in the Application Registration Portal in the native Application Platform
string clientSecret = "passwordGenerated";
ConfidentialClientApplication daemonClient = new ConfidentialClientApplication(clientId, String.Format(authorityFormat, tenantId), redirectUri, new ClientCredential(clientSecret), null, new TokenCache());
AuthenticationResult authResult = await daemonClient.AcquireTokenForClientAsync(new string[] { msGraphScope });
string token = authResult.AccessToken;
requestMessage.Headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("bearer", token);
}
));
One idea is using the "app only" authorization flow. The idea is that you can have long running apps access the Microsoft Graph without user authentication. The main difference is instead of the access token granting access to a particular user, it grants your app access to resources that you've consented to in advance. There will be no user login dialog and you can programmatically fetch access tokens to call the Graph API.
To reiterate that these tokens aren't for a particular user, consider making a GET request to 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me'. This will return an error since the access token isn't for a particular user and "me" doesn't mean anything. Requests should be sent with full user ids "like graph.microsoft.com/users/someuser#contosos.com".
More information on this can be found at the Get access without a user documentation page.
Another idea is to let the user authenticate the first time they use your app and then store a refresh token. These tokens live longer (a few months IIRC) and then you won't need to prompt for user consent each time the app runs. Refresh tokens can be exchanged for access tokens that live 60 minutes and those can be used to call Graph API on behalf of users.
More info on refresh tokens: https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/docs/concepts/auth_v2_user#5-use-the-refresh-token-to-get-a-new-access-token
I did want to come back out here and share, since I ran into this problem yesterday, and the idea of granting read/write mailbox access for my application... to EVERYONE'S EMAIL BOX IN THE ENTIRE ORGANIZATION... was way over the top for my needs. (And that is exactly what happens when you start talking about granting Application level permissions instead of delegated permissions to your registered app).
It's a simple use case: I had a nightly process that needed to automate sending of emails from a shared mailbox using a traditional AD service account.
Thankfully... even though they are on the march to eliminate passwords (lol)... someone at Microsoft still recognizes my use case, and it's lack of apples-to-apples alternatives in Azure AD. There is still an extension method we can lean on to get the job done:
private AuthenticationContext authContext = null;
authContext = new AuthenticationContext("https://login.microsoftonline.com/ourmail.onmicrosoft.com",
new TokenCache());
result = authContext.AcquireTokenAsync("https://graph.microsoft.com/",
"12345678-1234-1234-1234-1234567890",
new UserPasswordCredential(
Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("UID", EnvironmentVariableTarget.User),
Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("UPD", EnvironmentVariableTarget.User)
)).Result;
You can replace those GetEnvironmentVariable calls with your Username (UID) and Password (UPD). I just stuff them in the environment variables of the service account so I didn't have to check anything into source control.
AcquireTokenAsync is an extension method made available from the Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory namespace. From there, it's a simple business to fire up a GraphClient.
string sToken = result.AccessToken;
Microsoft.Graph.GraphServiceClient oGraphClient = new GraphServiceClient(
new DelegateAuthenticationProvider((requestMessage) => {
requestMessage
.Headers
.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("bearer", sToken);
return Task.FromResult(0);
}));
The last bit of magic was to add these permissions to Application registration I created in Azure AD (where that GUID came from). The application has be defined as a Public client (there's a radio button for that towards the bottom of the authentication tab). I added the following 5 DELEGATED permissions (NOT application permissions):
Microsoft Graph
1. Mail.ReadWrite.Shared
2. Mail.Send.Shared
3. User.Read
4. email
5. openid
Since user consents are actually blocked in our organization, another permissions admin had to review my application definition and then do an admin level grant of those rights, but once he did, everything lit up and worked like I needed: limited access by a service account to a single shared mailbox, with the actual security of that access being managed in Office 365 and not Azure AD.
Another attempt to ask a different question surrounding my month long problem:
I'm now trying to initiate the "On-Behalf-Of" flow to get a MS Graph token when users login with a Microsoft Account. As documented here:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-v2-protocols-oauth-on-behalf-of
On the client, users log in with a server-flow:
var user = await MobileService.LoginAsync(MobileServiceAuthenticationProvider.MicrosoftAccount);
On the .NET backend, I am trying to retrieve the MS Graph token:
string clientId = "id-shown-in-app-registration-portal";
string clientSecret = "secret-shown-in-app-registration-portal";
IEnumerable<string> msIdTokenOut = null;
Request.Headers.TryGetValues("x-ms-token-microsoftaccount-access-token", out msIdTokenOut);
string msIdToken = msIdTokenOut.FirstOrDefault();
AuthenticationContext authContext = new AuthenticationContext("https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/v2.0");
UserAssertion assertion = new UserAssertion(msIdToken);
ClientCredential cred = new ClientCredential(clientId, clientSecret);
AuthenticationResult authResult = await authContext.AcquireTokenAsync("https://graph.microsoft.com/", cred, assertion);
I get the following error:
aadsts50027: invalid jwt token. token format not valid.
I've tried every possible combination, from using server-flow to login, using MSAL for client-flow (which doesn't authenticate against App Services with the retrieved token). This has been driving me crazy for over a month. I can't believe how many hoops I have jumped through to get 2 Microsoft products working together. If anyone can steer me towards a solution I would be beyond grateful.
Here is a workaround, I suggest you could enable the mobile server custom authentication by using MSAL returned access token.
More details, you could refer to below steps:
Firstly, you could create a login page which will use MSAL login with the microsoft account. It will return the access token.
Then you could send the request with the access token to the mobile service backend to ask for authentication.
Notice: The logic in the backend which used to check the access token is right, you need achieve by yourself. You could decode the access jwt token to get the aud value. If this value is as same as the client id that means the user have the permission to access mobile backend data.
Then you could use jwt token to get the user information from graph api. After get the user information, you could set the user information value to claims to generate the auth token(using this method AppServiceLoginHandler.CreateToken[Add Microsoft.Azure.Mobile.Server.Login NuGet package]). By using this token the mobile client user could access the mobile backend.
The access token like this:
More details, you could refer to this article to know how to enable custom auth in mobile backend.